What will be the school uniform. School uniform: how to choose the right one
The history of the school uniform in Russia dates back to 1834, it was then that a law was passed that approved the general system of all civilian uniforms of the empire. This system includes gymnasium and student uniforms.
In 1896 introduced by „ Regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls”.
Gymnasium girls were instructed to wear dark, strict dresses with pleated knee-length skirts. The schoolboy's costume distinguished the teenager from those children who did not study, or could not afford to study.
The uniform of the gymnasium students was a class characteristic, because only the children of noblemen, intellectuals and large industrialists studied in the gymnasiums. The uniform was worn not only in the gymnasium, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations and holidays. She was a source of pride.
Everything changed with the advent of the Bolshevik power: a single school appeared, lyceums and real schools disappeared, and with them the uniform of students.
In 1918 Decree “ About one school... "canceled the students' uniform, recognizing it as the legacy of the tsarist police regime.
But this rejection of the form had another, more understandable, background - poverty. Pupils went to school in whatever their parents could provide them, and the state at that moment was actively fighting against devastation, class enemies and remnants of the past.
However, over time, when the era of experimentation gave way to other realities, it was decided to return to its former image - to brown strict dresses, aprons, student jackets and turn-down collars.
In 1949 in the USSR, a unified school uniform was introduced. Now already " loose dress"Became associated with bourgeois licentiousness.
The boys were dressed in gray paramilitary uniforms, and the girls in dark brown woolen dresses with a black apron (white on holidays). The school uniform also included a belt with a buckle and a cap with a visor, which the guys wore on the street. At the same time, symbols became an attribute of the student youth: the pioneers had a red tie, the Komsomol members and the Octobrists had a badge on their chest.
In 1962 Years, the boys were dressed in gray woolen suits with four buttons, the girls' uniform remained the same.
In 1973 year, there was a new reform of the school uniform. A new uniform for boys appeared: it was a blue semi-woolen suit, decorated with an emblem and five aluminum buttons, cuffs and all the same two pockets with flaps on the chest.
The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.
The cut of the uniform became more similar to the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. Since the mid-1970s, their gray woolen trousers and jackets have been replaced by a blue wool blend uniform. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets ( the so-called"Denim fashion").
On the side of the sleeve, a soft plastic emblem was sewn with a painted open textbook and a rising sun.
1980s: Rebuilding in Action
In the early 1980s, the high school uniform was introduced. ( This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade.). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it was not much higher than the knees.
For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced by a trouser suit. The color of the fabric was still blue. Also the emblem on the sleeve was blue:
Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.
For girls in 1984 A blue three-piece suit was introduced, consisting of a trapeze skirt with pleats in the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn with either a jacket or a vest, or the whole suit at once.
In 1988 year for Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North, it was allowed to wear blue trousers in the winter. In some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not prohibited. It was this form for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize early their attractiveness.
A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses, with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.
1985-1987 high school girls could change their dress and apron for a blue skirt, shirt, vest and jacket. But already in 1988, some schools, as an experiment, were allowed to abandon the compulsory wearing of school uniforms.
In 1992 school uniforms were canceled in schools of the Russian Federation as a sign that the country has completely won democracy... The ban has been lifted, you can wear anything as long as your clothes are clean and tidy.
However, it turned out that this approach also has its drawbacks. Teenagers spend most of their time within the walls of the school, and they do not care what they appear in front of their classmates in. Parents have a new headache, the demands of children to buy a new outfit have increased, and not just any, but in accordance with fashion trends.
Again, it became indecent to go to school all week in the same outfit. So the financial costs of the school have increased rather than decreased. When dressing up for school, children are not always guided by a sense of proportion, they dress “in whatever way”, which sometimes, to put it mildly, does not look very aesthetically pleasing.
BUT since 1999 the opposite trend has been established: school uniforms are being reintroduced, only today this concept means the business style of clothing for students - elegant, comfortable, practical. Today, the issue of wearing a school uniform is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents.
1. The social significance of school uniforms
Social significance is one of the important values in wearing a school uniform, since it is she who solves one of the most pressing problems of schoolchildren today - social inequality and strife in the children's environment that young people show in showing their expensive outfits.
The form, in this case, neutralizes the difference in the material situation of the families of students, thus, blurring the line between the strata of society and, as a result, helps in the assimilation of educational material, since students do not have the desire and opportunity to evoke feelings of inferiority and complex in their colleagues for study by defiling newfangled things and jewelry.
2. The disciplinary value of the school uniform
Supporters of a return to school uniform appeal to the fact that the form, as nothing better helps students to tune in to the work process, by its essence it forces students to distinguish between work and rest. The form conveys the idea of status and, upon understanding its meaning, it successfully transforms an eccentric student into a disciplined student.
The school uniform is a symbol of reliability, fosters discipline through a special kind, training of the body and mind: it, in the best possible way, contributes to the formation of the mind and body - this is a training, a school for managing your individual strength. The school uniform complements intellectual and physical education with disciplinary provisions such as leadership, status and certain bonds, contributes to the development of a careful attitude to clothing, and is also an important tool for the social identification of students, it not only allows you to distinguish a student from a non-student, but also creates the necessary distance between students and teachers.
3. The aesthetic value of the school uniform
The aesthetics of clothing, like nothing else, constructs the surrounding world of a person - it indicates what corresponds to it: his discipline, attention to people around him, the ability to see and create beauty, his main type of activity, his culture and value orientations - it reflects our consciousness, being a mirror human content.
The aesthetic value of the school uniform is the student's appearance, which is positively perceived by the student himself and the people around him. A strict suit on a student not only encourages him to comply with aesthetic norms and rules, but also as a result develops a sense of proportion in him and instills taste. A teenager in school uniform will often always look nice and tidy.
4. The image value of the school uniform
As you know, personality is assessed according to various parameters, including the style of clothing. The school uniform in this case acts not only as a reflection of a person's reality, but also as a general characteristic and emblem of an educational institution, which has its own respectful attitude, a high level of education, traditions and status.
A student in the form of such an educational institution not only emphasizes the individuality of the school (its dignity and strengths), which will certainly contribute to its prosperity and development, but also testifies to his belonging to it, thereby, having a positive emotional impact on the people around him, as within the walls of an educational institution, and behind them, since the presence of a form at the present time is an indicator of high corporate culture.
Excerpt from the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation", effective from September 1, 2013
Article 28.... Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of the educational organization:
point 18:establishment of requirements for students' clothing, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law or the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Today, each region decides for itself which school uniform to wear for children. For example, in Orenburg they chose this option:And in Bryansk, a fashion show was organized for the deputies:
School uniforms in Russia have a very rich history.
School uniforms came to Russia from England in 1834 and, at the same time, a law was passed that approved the general system of all civilian uniforms in the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms. And in 1896, a provision appeared on the gymnasium uniform for girls. The pupils of the famous Smolny Institute (the institute for noble maidens, as it was called) were ordered to wear dresses of certain colors, depending on the age of the pupils. For pupils 6 - 9 years old - brown or coffee, 9 - 12 years old - blue, 12 - 15 years old - gray and 15 - 18 years old - white.
 |  |
Until 1917, the uniform of the gymnasium students was the preferred clothing, because the children were not poor at the gymnasiums.
This uniform was a source of pride and was worn not only within the walls of an educational institution, but also on the street, at home, and also during celebrations. In 1836, there was even a set of rules regarding color and style: Boys wore military-style uniforms, while girls were supposed to wear dark, formal dresses with pleated skirts to the knees.
However, after the revolution, in 1918, a decree was issued abolishing the wearing of school uniforms, as a relic of the bourgeois past, and in fact because of the poverty of the population,
since in the first years of the existence of the Soviet state, wearing a school uniform was an unaffordable luxury in a country devastated by World War I, revolution and civil war.
The school uniform appears again only in 1948, in 1949 a unified school uniform was introduced in the USSR, and in all respects it resembled the bourgeois one.
For girls, these are dark brown woolen dresses and black aprons; on holidays, aprons were replaced with white ones. On dresses in the form of decoration, white collars and cuffs were assumed.
And the boys' uniform consisted of gray military tunics and trousers.
In addition, girls could wear black or brown (casual) or white (dress) bows. Bows of other colors were not allowed according to the rules. In general, the school uniform for girls of the Stalin era was similar to the school uniform of tsarist Russia.
The severity of the morals of the Stalin era extended, of course, to school life. The most insignificant experiments with the length or other parameters of the school uniform were severely punished by the administration of the educational institution.
Even the hairstyle had to meet the requirements of puritanical morality - "model haircuts" were strictly prohibited until the end of the 50s. Girls always wore braids with bows.
 |  |
The style of the Soviet school uniform was modernized in 1962 and has changed every decade since then. There were also some differences in different Soviet republics. Boys usually wore blue trousers and jackets, girls wore brown dresses with black aprons and bows (on special occasions they wore white aprons and bows).
In 1970, in the charter of a secondary educational school, the school uniform existed as compulsory.
The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.
The cut of the uniform became more in line with the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. For boys, from the mid-1970s, gray woolen trousers and jackets were replaced by blue wool blend trousers and jackets. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called "denim fashion" was gaining momentum in the world).
On the side of the sleeve, a soft plastic emblem was sewn with a painted open textbook and a rising sun.
In the early 1980s, the high school uniform was introduced. (This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it was not much higher than the knees. 
For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced by a trouser suit. The color of the fabric was still blue. There was also an emblem on the sleeve in blue.
Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.
In 1984, a new uniform for high school girls appeared, it was a three-piece suit in blue, which consisted of an A-line skirt with pleats in the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. These things could be combined in several variations. Soviet high school girls proudly wore blouses with this "miracle" suit, but this was already a breakthrough and the first attempts to look more fashionable.
The boys' blue trousers and jacket have been transformed into a suit of the same color.
And in some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not prohibited.
It was this form for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize their attractiveness early on. A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses, with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.
A compulsory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was Oktyabryatsky (in primary grades), pioneer (in middle grades) or Komsomol (in high grades) badges.
Pioneers were also required to wear a pioneer tie.
Gradually, by 1990, the school uniform underwent changes and became a little more free, and in 1992, by the decision of the Government of Russia, the school uniform was completely canceled with the introduction of the new Education Law.
Today, the issue of wearing a school uniform is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents, and there is also no single standard for a school uniform.
SCHOOL FORM OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES OF THE WORLD
The school uniform in other countries differs from ours: somewhere it is more conservative, and somewhere it is very fashionable and unusual.
In most European countries, as well as in Russia, there is no uniform form, but everything is limited to a fairly strict style.
In the United Kingdom UK school uniforms have long been introduced in almost all schools, they are as conservative as possible and close to the classic style of clothing. Each prestigious school has its own logo, so students are required to come to classes with a "branded" tie.
Some establishments with a long history and a big name have strict regulations.
For example, only one manufacturer's form is allowed.
Blouses should be with buttons. Pants at the waist.
There must be a tie with a shirt. No hats.
The belt can only be black or brown leather.
Boys cannot wear earrings and so on.
In France a uniform school uniform existed from 1927 to 1968, and in Poland until 1988. 
IN BELGIUM uniforms are only available in some Catholic schools, as well as in private schools founded by the British. Typical clothing is navy blue trousers and skirts, white or light blue shirt and tie.
Pupils in ITALY.
IN AUSTRALIA
IN GERMANY there is no uniform school uniform, although there is debate about its introduction. Some schools have introduced uniform school clothing, which is not a uniform, since students can participate in its development.
Tellingly, even during the Third Reich, schoolchildren did not have a uniform uniform - they came to classes in casual clothes, in the form of the Hitler Youth (or other children's public organizations).
IN CHINA
In Cuba the form is compulsory for all students of schools and higher education institutions. 
In the USA and CANADA there is a school uniform in many private schools.
There is no uniform uniform in public schools, although each school decides for itself what kind of clothes students are allowed to wear. As a rule, tops that reveal the belly, as well as low-sitting trousers, are prohibited in schools. Jeans, wide-leg trousers with many pockets, T-shirts with graphics - this is what students of American schools prefer.
NORTH KOREA- a communist island. 
Schoolchildren of UZBEKISTAN
For most middle and high schools JAPAN school uniforms are considered compulsory.
Each school has its own, but in fact, there are not so many options.
Usually it is a white shirt, dark jacket and trousers for boys, and a white shirt, dark jacket and skirt for girls, or sailor fuku - "sailor suit".
An even larger bag or briefcase is usually given to the uniform. Primary school students usually dress in normal children's clothing.
The school uniform - black jackets for boys and sailors for girls - is a copy of the British naval uniform of the early 19th century.
In many countries of the world, the question of school uniforms, as in Russia, remains open. Of course, the school uniform instills in students a sense of belonging to one big team, one team.
And yet, the school uniform has both supporters and opponents.
ARGUMENTS FOR
The school uniform, like any form, disciplines, leads to cohesion, contributes to the development in students of a sense of community, collectivism, common cause and the presence of common goals.
The uniform excludes (at least limits) the possibility of competition between pupils (and their parents) in clothes, significantly reduces the visual difference between pupils from families of different material wealth, preventing stratification according to the principle of "rich / poor".
A uniform standard for uniforms, if adopted at the state level, ensures that schoolchildren's clothing will meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and will not adversely affect their health.
If a single form exists, its production can be subsidized in a targeted manner, maintaining low prices and removing part of the burden of spending on educating children from poor families.
ARGUMENTS AGAINST
Form is an element of egalitarian education and training.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child says that every child has the right to express his or her personality as he pleases. The school uniform restricts freedom of self-expression, is a means of de-individualization of school students.
The requirement to wear a uniform is in itself a form of violence against a person; the requirement of strict adherence to the uniform can, if desired, be arbitrarily interpreted by school workers and used to groundlessly persecute unwanted students.
The uniform can be too expensive for poor families.
The form proposed based on the affordability of the price may not suit the quality of families with a sufficient level of income. 
Today's teenage schoolchildren, for the most part, are sharply opposed to school uniforms. Parents and teachers, on the other hand, advocate the introduction of this element, hoping that the school uniform:
1. Disciplines students (business style obliges students to be strict and collected).
2. Smooths out social differences between students.
3. Helps keep distance between students and teacher.
4. Allows you to track "strangers" in the school.
5. Prevents teenagers from dressing provocatively.
I personally wore a uniform almost until graduation. Of course, she evokes nostalgia. The decoration of the girl's uniform was aprons, bows and lace collars.
Here it was possible to give free rein to fantasy.
Happy Knowledge Day to all students, their parents and teachers!
School uniforms begin to return. Many parents support this initiative of officials from education, believing that the general style of dress will not distract from the most important thing - the assimilation of the material. Indeed, very often, instead of listening carefully to the teacher, classmates look at each other's outfits and discuss them. In addition, the parents of the students recall their own youth, when they all wore school uniforms.
Reasons for the introduction
In the post-war period, the uniform style was introduced in all departments. Employees were required to strictly adhere to the legally prescribed dress code, as they say now. School life was no exception. In educational institutions, wearing a school uniform became mandatory in 1948, when the first, most strict and ascetic version of it was approved. The upbringing of a true patriot, distinguished by high moral principles, had to begin from childhood. The school uniform of the times of the USSR not only taught the child to be accurate, disciplined him, but also indicated the absence of class differences. All children were equal. In any case, during the classroom, it was impossible to demonstrate to classmates some unusual thing that his parents had difficulty getting to their child.
School uniform worn by girls
The school uniform of the USSR for girls, introduced in 1948, was very much reminiscent of the style of dress that the pupils of pre-revolutionary women's gymnasiums had to follow. It was a neat brown wool dress and an apron. For everyday wear, a black apron was intended, which could be replaced with a white one.
To slightly refresh the look, white cuffs were sewn onto the sleeves, and a white collar was also used. Their presence was mandatory both on a holiday and on an ordinary weekday.
The dress was rather long, below the knee. Any experiments with the elements of the dress, its length and style were prohibited. The school administration usually severely punished women of fashion who dared to break the generally accepted rules.
School uniforms worn by boys
The school uniform for boys of the USSR had several mandatory elements:
1. Cap, decorated with a cockade.
2. Gymnast.
3. Belt with shiny chunky buckle.
The tunic and trousers were made of gray woolen fabric. Such products were not very comfortable to wear, as they quickly lost their shape. And after not very neat washing or unsuccessful drying, they could significantly increase in size.
Boys were also not allowed to experiment with their appearance. The school uniform of the USSR was compulsory for all students, without exception.
General appearance
The appearance of the schoolchildren had to meet certain conditions. It was not enough just to wear a school uniform, the student always had to look neat.
Only clean and well-ironed clothing was allowed to appear at school. Cuffs and collar, which are a must-have for girls, must always be clean. Coming to school with dirty or poorly ironed cuffs could be a shame. Shoes should also be kept clean, despite the season and the remoteness of the house from the educational institution.
School hairstyle
The school uniform of the USSR, the severity and minimalism manifested in it, dictated a certain type of hairstyle for schoolchildren. There could be no liberties either.
Short hair was obligatory for boys. Girls could braid their braids using black or brown bows. On a holiday, a white bow could be tied. Other colors were banned, so they were not easy to find in Soviet stores. Braids with bows were obligatory for girls, there could be no question of any other hairstyle.
Shape change
In 1960, the school uniform of the USSR began to change, photos from different periods of the existence of the Soviet Union perfectly demonstrate these transformations. The changes taking place in all spheres of people's lives at this time could not but affect the clothes of the students.
The main transformations were manifested in the school uniform for boys. Inexpressive gray clothes have been replaced by brighter blue wool blend models. She kept her shape better, did not stretch after washing. The cut of the jacket resembled a denim jacket, which was very popular at that time in the West. Emblems were sewn on the sleeves, which were pictures with images of an open textbook and a rising sun. The color of these patches was blue or red.
The school uniform of the USSR, worn by girls, did not undergo any special changes. It was only allowed to shorten the dress a little - its length was just above the knees.
Form for high school students
The real breakthrough of that time was the introduction in the beginning of 1980 of the form for high school students. Boys began to wear trouser suits instead of individual trousers and jackets. The color of the form also remained blue. Sometimes it was even possible to remove the emblems, as over time the paint on them was erased, and they looked sloppy.
The long-awaited transformation of the school uniform has also affected girls. From the first to the seventh grade, they still wore the usual dresses with aprons. But from the eighth grade it was already possible to wear a three-piece suit made of dense blue material. It included a neat A-line skirt embellished with pleats in the front, a vest, and a jacket. The girl herself could choose a blouse for the suit, which was a field for a huge number of experiments. The skirt could be worn with either a vest or a jacket. In cold weather, they wore the whole suit at once.
Another innovation was the introduction in 1988 of trousers for schoolgirls living in Them could be worn in the winter season.
Pioneer badges
The school uniform of the USSR was necessarily supplemented with badges worn by students according to their age and belonging to a particular organization.
Children studying in the lower grades were Octobrists and wore the Octobrist badge, which was the face of little Volodya Ulyanov inside a red star. Older schoolchildren, middle school students, wore the pioneer badge. It was also made in the shape of a star, but it had an image of V.I.Lenin. If a pioneer distinguished himself in social work, showed himself to be an active person, he was awarded a special badge. Instead of the inscription "Always ready" it bore the inscription "For active work", and the insignia itself was slightly larger than the standard one. The school uniform worn by the pioneers was complemented by
High school students had to wear It was a small symbol that looked like a red flag, decorated with a portrait of V.I.Lenin.
Recently, more and more schoolchildren are eager to find out where to buy a school uniform from the USSR, which would have the exact look of the clothes of that time. High school students want, for example, to wear it on the last bell. This tradition has spread in many schools. In this case, the option with a white festive apron is usually used. Finding the shape isn't that difficult. It can be seen both in specialized stores and on sale on various Internet resources, where a considerable number of models of various sizes are presented.
The first school uniform appeared in Russian gymnasiums in 1834. Boys and young men wore uniforms that looked like a military, and girls and young ladies were supposed to have three sets of uniforms: every day they wore a dark brown floor-length dress with long sleeves and a small black apron. On holidays, it was supposed to decorate the dress with a white apron and a lace collar. On weekends, the schoolgirl was supposed to wear a dress of a similar cut, but of a certain color: primary school students - dark blue, girls over 12 years old - blue-green, and graduates - brown.
In 1918, the school uniform was abolished: in a country that had survived the revolution, there was simply no money to provide all children with a uniform, moreover, in the Soviet country, unlike the Soviet empire, education was supposed to be for everyone, not just children from the wealthy families. The school uniform was declared a relic of the past and a symbol of non-freedom, and was abandoned.
Popular
Forties - getting back in shape
The school uniform returned only after the Great Patriotic War, in 1948. Then a decree was issued, according to which all students were required to wear uniforms. The uniform, in fact, was no different from the uniform of the gymnasium students: the boys again dressed in tunics, and the girls in dresses with aprons. But the dresses were shorter, but the white apron could be worn more often.
Sixties
In the sixties, school uniforms finally stopped resembling military uniforms: the boys changed their tunics to suits, and the girls' dresses became even shorter. In fact, the length of the dresses of high school girls was no different from the mini-skirts that were fashionable at that time. Aprons were still mandatory, but there was variety in hairstyles: if earlier schoolgirls were supposed to wear only braids, now they were allowed to make model haircuts and even wear jewelry.
Eighties
At first glance, everything remained the same: boys in blue suits, girls in brown dresses with white or black aprons. But this rule from now on was only true for the elementary school. And for high school girls, dark blue three-piece suits appeared: a skirt, a vest and a jacket. This uniform was difficult to obtain, but some girls were lucky enough to change the annoying cropped dress of a schoolgirl for an adult and fashionable costume.
Nineties
In 1992, the school uniform was again canceled and again for the same reason: it was believed that it symbolized the lack of freedom and the slavery position of schoolchildren. Some schools during this time had an unspoken dress code that regulated style, but in general schoolgirls and schoolchildren across the country were allowed to wear jeans and T-shirts. As a rule, only too short skirts, deep necklines and transparent blouses were prohibited. In all other respects, schoolchildren, especially high school students, allowed themselves complete freedom. Including stiletto heels.
Zeroes and our time
Today every school in Russia has its own uniform. The only general and obligatory recommendation is to adhere to a business style, therefore, boys from the lower grades wear suits, and girls wear uniform sundresses or skirts with vests, most often in a cage. High school students for the most part do not wear uniforms.
School uniforms in the Russian Empire
Photo by A.S. Antonov in the Tambov real school
Classroom of the Alexander Real School
In 1834, a general system of all civilian uniforms in the Russian Empire was approved, including for secondary educational institutions. The regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls was approved in 1896.
The uniform of students in secondary educational institutions was of a paramilitary character. Similar in style, their caps, overcoats and gymnasts differed in color, edging, as well as buttons and emblems. Gymnasium students wore light blue caps with a black visor, colored piping and an emblem. The emblem was attached to the rim and consisted of two silver palm branches, between which were placed the initials of the city, the number of the gymnasium and the letter "Г" (for example, "SPB.3.G." or "M.5.G."). In summer, a cover made of kolomyanka was put on the crown of a cap. In winter, in the cold, they put on headphones made of black felt on a brown bike inside. In addition, in frosty weather they wore a hood of the color of natural camel hair, trimmed with gray braid.
The everyday uniform of the gymnasium students consisted of a blue cloth shirt (the fabric is darker than on the cap) with silver raised buttons, belted with a black lacquered belt with a silver buckle, on which the same letters and numbers were engraved and painted over with black paint as on the emblem (but without palm branches). The gymnasium's trousers were black, without piping. The boots were black, lace-up. In summer, gymnasium students wore kolomyanka gymnasts with silver buttons.
High school students usually did not wear gymnastics, but jackets with a standing collar, like a sea jacket. In some gymnasiums, tunics and jackets were not blue, but gray, while trousers were always black.
High school students also had an output uniform - a uniform, dark blue or dark gray, single-breasted, with a collar trimmed with silver galloon. This uniform was worn with and without a belt (outside of school). A starchy collar was worn to the uniform. The overcoat was of the officer's type, light gray, double-breasted, with silver buttons, the buttonholes were blue, in the color of the cap, with white piping and buttons. The overcoats were cold and wadded, with a quilted gray lining. Instead of a scarf, they wore a black cloth bib, like a sailor's. Primary school students were allowed a black astrakhan collar in winter.
The teachers and, above all, the guards strictly monitored the observance of all the rules for wearing the suit.
But according to unwritten rules, a gymnasium student on the street was obliged to hide the number of the gymnasium in which he studied so that the gymnasium student who committed the offense could remain unidentified. The number had to be torn out of his cap, and the schoolboy who did not do this was brutally persecuted by his comrades. For the same purpose, the belt plate was turned over and hidden.
Gymnasium students were strictly prohibited from wearing costume items of different colors, for example, a gray blouse and black trousers. The costume was supposed to be only black. However, high school students often wore pants and suits of different colors.
Everyday dresses of the pupils were sewn from kamlot. The preparatory school girls (five to seven years old) wore coffee or brown dresses; from eight to ten - blue or blue; from eleven to thirteen - gray. The senior schoolgirls wore white dresses. The dresses were closed ("deaf"), one-color, of the simplest cut. They wore a white apron, a white cape and, sometimes, white sleeves.
School uniform in the USSR
1920s-1950s: From Experiment to Classics
This form existed until the end of the 1962 school year. First-graders, boys, on September 1, 1962, went to school in a new uniform - no caps with a badge, no waist belts with a massive buckle, no tunics. The uniform for girls has hardly changed.
1950s postcard
In addition, in 1943, separate education was introduced, which, however, was abandoned in 1954.
The severity of the morals of the Stalin era extended, of course, to school life. The most insignificant experiments with the length or other parameters of the school uniform were severely punished by the administration of the educational institution.
Since the early 1960s, the uniform has been changed in the direction of departure from "militarism". The boys received a gray wool-blend suit - trousers and a single-breasted jacket with three black plastic buttons. A white shirt was recommended under the jacket. In the lower grades, it was customary to sew a white collar over a jacket collar. The cap was replaced by a dark blue beret. The uniform for girls remains the same. In 1960, a new uniform appeared in Leningrad. Since 1962, the new uniform became compulsory, although many schoolchildren could still go to school in the old one until the mid-1960s. There were no mandatory requirements for wearing a uniform outside of school or for outerwear for winter.
Thaw
The sleeve insignia for the jacket of the junior and middle classes (left) and the jacket of the senior classes (right) for the uniform for boys of the 1975 model
For boys from the 1975-1976 academic year, gray woolen trousers and jackets were replaced by trousers and jackets made of blue wool blend. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called "denim fashion" was gaining momentum in the world) with shoulder straps and breast pockets with brace-shaped flaps } ). The jacket was fastened with aluminum buttons, reminiscent of the military in design. The buttons were of 2 diameters - smaller for junior high school students and larger for high school students. On the side of the sleeve was an emblem (chevron) made of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and a rising sun - a symbol of enlightenment. For high school boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced by a trouser suit. The color of the fabric was still blue. There was also an emblem on the sleeve in blue. On this emblem, in addition to the sun and an open book, there was a stylized image of an atom. Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off. There were also very rare embossed-convex emblems made of plastic on a fabric basis. They did not lose color and looked very elegant.
School uniforms of the Soviet era (or dresses stylized as it) with white aprons are traditionally worn by graduates on the Last Bell as a symbol of farewell to school, and less often on other holidays. However, in a number of schools (several lyceums in Naberezhnye Chelny, Prokhorovskaya gymnasium, a number of schools in Krasnoyarsk and Ufa) dresses and aprons for girls either survived from the Soviet era or were reintroduced in the 2000s in order to raise student discipline.