Counseling for early childhood parents. Musical education. Advice for parents "early age is serious"
Advice for parents
"Clothes for walking"
This must not be forgotten
Clothes and footwear for kindergarten, for walks.
Clothes for walks should be selected in such a way that the child can dress with minimal help from the caregiver or on his own.
Shoes should be without laces - for example, with zippers or Velcro.
The jacket must be buttonless. The best fasteners are Velcro or zippers.
It is better to buy a hat without ties - for example, with Velcro.
Instead of a scarf, it is more convenient to use a "shirt-front", which is put on over the head.
For small children, it is better to buy not gloves, but mittens. Toddlers of older groups, on the contrary, are more comfortable in gloves. In spring and autumn, the fabric from which the mittens are sewn should be waterproof. To mittens you need to sew a ribbon or elastic band. Don't sew elastic on your jacket! It is enough to pass it through the hanger loop so that it can be removed and dried on a radiator.
Children are equally harmful as overheating and hypothermia. The number of layers of clothing depends on the air temperature. Additionally, you need to take into account the strength of the wind. At the same negative air temperature, a person freezes the more, the greater the wind speed.
Of great importance are the individual characteristics of the child. A sedentary, constantly chilling child should be dressed warmer than an active one. Too wrapped up babies can be found much more often than not warmly dressed.
Many mothers, going for a walk, try to dress their child warmer than they dress themselves. But if this is a walk, during which the child is constantly moving, and the mother is watching him, then this is wrong. A sweaty child is much more likely to get sick than one dressed for the weather. In addition, sweat can cause irritation and rashes in the child.
Children should be dressed no warmer than adults, and perhaps even lighter. (We are not talking about children "walking" in strollers, they need additional protection.)
When dressing a child, remember that children are less cold than adults and move more.
The "right" shoes
Distinguish between home, street and sports shoes. Shoes for kindergarten - a variant of home shoes. Toddlers should not wear slippers of any kind, soft, loose rag slippers. Home slippers should resemble shoes - tight-fitting, open, with good ventilation.
In summer, when it is warm enough and
there is no danger of injuring or splintering the leg, it is necessary and useful for children to walk barefoot on the ground, grass, wet sand, pebbles.
Street shoes are more closed than indoor shoes. In the warm season, textile shoes are comfortable - light, breathable and hygroscopic. If you buy sandals, the child's foot must be tightly fixed with straps. It is better to choose a closed toe of street shoes for the prevention of injuries.
Rubber boots with insoles or covers made of a fabric that absorbs moisture well are worn in relatively warm weather while walking on wet ground and grass. Do not put on your child (at least until 3-4 years of age) rubber boots too often or for a long time - their feet sweat a lot. At low air temperatures, it is better for children to wear leather boots.
In winter, you should wear insulated leather boots for walks, and in very severe frosts, boots with galoshes. Upon returning from walks, shoes must be cleaned of snow and dried. Make sure that winter shoes are not too small for the child. Boots or boots that are a little big can be worn with two pairs of socks.
Sports shoes should support the foot during active movements. Non-smooth, shock-absorbing soles and tight fixation are important for injury prevention. "Velcro" allows you to achieve the perfect fit of the legs, taking into account their anatomical features. Czech children wear only for music lessons, they are not suitable for physical education. The thin leather sole slips and does not cushion, the Czechs also do not provide fixation and support for the foot.
Orthopedists do not recommend wearing someone else's used shoes. Worn-in shoes will not firmly fix the foot in the correct position, and if the previous owner had a deformity of the foot, then the defects that arose during wearing will have an adverse effect. "Inheritance" can only be passed on rubber boots or shoes that have hardly been worn.
It is equally important to choose the right socks. They should be the right size - small ones squeeze the legs, and large ones gather in folds and contribute to the formation of scuffs. Socks with heels are much more comfortable than socks without. Quality socks have thicker material at the heels and toes than elsewhere, making them more durable.
Socks made of natural fibers (cotton and wool) absorb moisture better and allow the feet to “breathe”
Advice for parents
"Speech of young children"
The main tasks of toddlers and young children (up to the fourth year of life) are the general development of speech, the enrichment of the dictionary, the formation of grammatically correct speech, the development of coherent speech, familiarization with fiction, preparation for the correct articulation of sounds (except whistling, hissing and sonorous). Let's consider each task.
Enrichment of the dictionary is carried out by expanding the horizons: going to the park, forest, zoo, cinema and circus, reading books, guessing and guessing riddles, observing nature and the work of adults.
Two-year-olds can have between 45 and 1,000+ words in their vocabulary. It is important that the child's speech does not contain jargon and truncated words (great, telly).
The formation of grammatically correct speech means the coordination of words in a sentence, the change of words in cases, numbers, tenses.
The child may incorrectly use prepositions or not use them, incorrectly change the endings by analogy with other objects (eat with a spoon, dig with a shovel, a lot of pencils).
These phenomena should disappear by the age of four if adults pay attention to word endings, agreement, and tactfully correct the mistakes of their children.
As for the development of coherent speech, the first phrases normally appear by one and a half to two years. In order for speech to be sufficiently developed, adults should:
To teach children to compose a descriptive story, naming the characteristic features of the subject (according to the model);
Learn to make simple sentences on the picture;
Learn to retell familiar fairy tales, stories;
Memorize simple poems with children;
Dialogue – talking with parents and other adults, asking and answering questions.
In the course of getting acquainted with fiction, parents need to read as many Russian folk tales, fairy tales of Soviet and modern writers as possible, be sure to ask questions about the text after reading, let the child answer them.
In parallel with other tasks on the general development of speech, the tasks of forming the correct pronunciation of vowels and consonants are solved (except for [s], [z], [c], [w], [g], [h], [u], [l ], [p] - these sounds appear between three, six and seven years).
At the age of two years, the child masters the pronunciation of only the simplest sounds in terms of articulation - vowels [a], [o], [e] and consonants [p], [b], [m]. At the age of two to three years, vowels [i], [s], [y] and consonants [f], [c], [t], [d], [n], [k], [g], [x], [d].
All other sounds are more complex in terms of articulation and are replaced by all of the above - simpler ones.
Sounds [r] and [l] appear at the age of five to seven years.
Most importantly: the child must hear phonetically correct speech from others and, comparing with his own, try to correct inconsistencies.
The development of fine motor skills of the fingers will help the development of speech in toddlers and younger children. Therefore, it is necessary to teach children how to use a spoon, dress, fasten buttons, zippers, put together puzzles and mosaics, lace up shoes and perform other actions to develop hand muscle coordination and visual control.
Advice for parents
"Adaptation of young children to kindergarten"
Adaptation of young children
Ended up nursery patronage. And now the baby crosses the threshold of kindergarten. In the life of a child, the most difficult period begins for his entire stay in kindergarten - the period of adaptation.
Adaptation is usually called the process of a child entering a new environment and getting used to its conditions.
In children during the adaptation period, appetite, sleep, and emotional state may be disturbed. Some toddlers experience a loss of already established positive habits and skills. For example, at home he asked for a potty - he does not do this in kindergarten, he ate at home on his own, but refuses in kindergarten. Decrease in appetite, sleep, emotional state leads to a decrease in immunity, to a deterioration in physical development, weight loss, and sometimes to a disease.
There are three degrees of adaptation: mild, moderate and severe.
With easy adaptation, the negative emotional state does not last long. At this time, the baby does not sleep well, loses appetite, and is reluctant to play with children. But within the first month after entering kindergarten, as you get used to the new conditions, everything returns to normal. The child usually does not get sick during the adaptation period.
With adaptation of moderate severity, the emotional state of the child normalizes more slowly and during the first month after admission, he usually suffers from acute respiratory infections. The disease lasts 7-10 days and ends without any complications.
The most undesirable is a difficult adaptation, when the emotional state of the child returns to normal very slowly (sometimes this process lasts several months). During this period, the child either suffers from repeated illnesses, often with complications, or exhibits persistent behavioral disorders. Severe adaptation negatively affects both the health and development of children.
What determines the nature and duration of the adaptation period?
Studies of teachers and doctors show that the nature of adaptation depends on the following factors:
the age of the child. It is more difficult for children aged 10-11 months to 2 years to adapt to new conditions. After 2 years, children can adapt to new living conditions much easier. This is explained by the fact that by this age they become more inquisitive, they understand the speech of an adult well, they have a richer experience of behavior in different conditions.
The health and developmental status of the child. A healthy, well-developed child is more likely to endure the difficulties of social adaptation.
Formation of objective activity. Such a child can be interested in a new toy, activities.
individual features. Children of the same age behave differently in the first days of their stay in kindergarten. Some children cry, refuse to eat, sleep, they react to every suggestion of an adult with a violent protest. But a few days pass, and the child's behavior changes: appetite, sleep are restored, the child follows the game of his comrades with interest. Others, on the contrary, are outwardly calm on the first day. Without objection, they fulfill the requirements of the educator, and in the following days they part with their parents with tears, eat poorly, sleep, and do not take part in games. This behavior can continue for several weeks.
living conditions in the family. This is the creation of a daily routine in accordance with age and individual characteristics, the formation of children's skills and abilities, as well as personal qualities (the ability to play with toys, communicate with adults and children, take care of themselves, etc.). If a child comes from a family where the conditions for his proper development were not created, then, naturally, it will be very difficult for him to get used to the conditions of a preschool institution.
The level of fitness of adaptive mechanisms, experience of communication with peers and adults. The training of mechanisms does not happen by itself. It is necessary to create conditions that require new forms of behavior from the child. Toddlers who, before entering kindergarten, repeatedly found themselves in different conditions (visited relatives, acquaintances, went to the country, etc.), get used to a preschool institution more easily. It is important that in the family the child develops a trusting relationship with adults, the ability to positively relate to the requirements of adults.
Objective indicators of the end of the period of adaptation in children are:
· deep dream;
· a good appetite;
a cheerful emotional state;
Complete restoration of existing habits and skills, active behavior;
age-appropriate weight gain.
Games during the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten
To reduce stress, it is necessary to switch the baby's attention to activities that bring him pleasure. It is, first of all, a game.
The game "Pour, pour, compare"
Toys, foam rubber sponges, tubes, bottles with holes are lowered into the basin with water. You can fill a bowl of water with buttons, small cubes, etc. and play with them:
take as many items as possible in one hand and pour them into the other;
collect with one hand, for example, beads, and with the other - pebbles;
Raise as many objects as possible on the palms.
After completing each task, the child relaxes the hands, holding them in the water. The duration of the exercise is about five minutes, until the water cools down. At the end of the game, the child's hands should be rubbed with a towel for one minute.
The game "Drawings in the sand"
Scatter the semolina on a tray. You can pour it in a slide or smooth it out. Bunnies will jump on the tray, elephants will stomp, it will rain. The sun's rays will warm it, and a pattern will appear on it. And what kind of drawing, a child will tell you, who will be happy to join this game. It is useful to perform movements with two hands.
The game "Talk to the toy"
Put on a glove toy. There is also a glove toy on the child's hand. You touch her, you can stroke and tickle her, while asking: “Why is my ... sad, his eyes are wet; who he made friends with in kindergarten, what are the names of his friends, what games did they play”, etc. Talk to each other, say hello with your fingers. Using the image of a toy, transferring his feelings and moods to it, the child will tell you what worries him, share what is difficult to express.
Dear parents, play with your children more often! They will be surrounded by love, care and will be easier to adapt to kindergarten!
Hardening of young children
Target: Increasing the competence of parents in promoting the health of young children.
Tasks: To acquaint parents with a set of measures for hardening young children.
Maintain a positive emotional state of the child through the use of tempering procedures.
Encourage healthy lifestyle habits in young children.
Tempering a young child
In young children, there is a rapid increase in mobility, they begin to crawl and move around the room, exploring everything that comes their way. Sensory develops - the child interacts with objects: turns over, throws, overturns them, tries to feel and taste everything.
At this age, it is very important to give the child a sense of care and warmth.
It is especially important during this period to monitor the health of the child, since at an early age the formation of all body functions occurs.
In order for your child to get stronger, so that the balance of the baby’s nervous processes is consolidated, you should maintain a positive emotional state of your child, because you probably noticed that the deterioration of the baby’s health affects the attitude to the environment: susceptibility to impressions, speech and motor skills decrease.
- "What to do?" you say.
To increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions, it is recommended to harden the body.
Hardening is a proven means of improving health!
The hardening procedures are based on the gradual accustoming of the body to a change in different temperatures. At the same time, a person gradually develops adaptation to the external environment. In the process of hardening, the work of the body is improved: the physico-chemical state of cells, the activity of all organs and their systems are improved. As a result of hardening, working capacity increases, morbidity decreases, especially colds, and well-being improves.
A common type of hardening - walking barefoot.
It will not be difficult if you and your baby walk barefoot together. Walking barefoot can be an interesting game for your baby if he walks not just on a flat surface, but on massage mats that can be purchased in children's stores. It will be doubly pleasant for you and your baby to walk barefoot on a do-it-yourself rug.
Dear parents, we offer you examples of making massage mats.
1. From a dense fabric, sew a bag in the form of a pillowcase, sew plastic bottle caps in a checkerboard pattern inside the bag and sew up the last side. It turns out a pillow with a "stuffing" of plastic covers, on which you can walk barefoot.
2. From the bologna material, cut out a rug of arbitrary shape, for example, the shape of a berry or any fruit, overcast the edges. Sew on buttons of different sizes in the form of various patterns on the upper side of the rug.
3. Cut out a rug from a dense material, overcast the edges. Sew on the surface on which your child will walk, shreds of material of different textures: flannel, woolen fabric, knitted fabric, etc., which is at hand.
The attention of the child will be concentrated on such rugs, because it is interesting to know what is sewn on the rug.
Well, the well-known expression: "The sun, air and water are our best friends!" more important than ever when hardening the body of a young child.
Hardening by air baths should be carried out continuously. Be sure to ventilate the room where your child is. This should be done during the absence of the baby and prevent hypothermia by more than 1-2 degrees. Transoms should be closed 30 minutes before the arrival of the child.
Air baths your baby can get by staying for a few minutes in the same panties, for example, when changing clothes. The air temperature should be 18-19 degrees.
Air baths are good to combine with physical exercises.
Ask the child to raise his hands up, then lower them down. Try to massage the child's abdomen, ask him to stroke his own tummy. Jump with your child like bunnies, walk like a clumsy bear.
And, of course, daily walks with the child should be done twice a day: before lunch and in the evening before bedtime.
Intensive hardening method are water procedures: general dousing and rubbing the feet.
Pouring feet
It is important to know that dousing the feet has a good effect in the prevention of colds.
Washing the feet is carried out daily at bedtime for a year.
Start pouring feet with water, the temperature of which does not exceed 28 degrees.
Gradually, the water temperature is reduced to 15-14 C (every 3-5 days by 1 degree).
After washing the foot, rub it thoroughly with a towel.
Baby takes a bath- the most common and loved by all procedures. In order to improve and treat children, temperature baths (34-37 C) and warm baths (38-39 C) are actively used.
Shared fresh baths indifferent temperature (34-37 C) and warm baths (38-39) have a sedative effect, reduce irritability, normalize sleep, have an analgesic and vasodilating effect.
Coniferous baths beneficial effect on the health of your baby. Such a bath for a child can be prepared by adding needles, which are better to stock up yourself, or buy at a pharmacy. A child should take such a bath at a water temperature of 34-36 degrees. The duration of the reception is 10-15 minutes.
Chamomile baths
0.5-1.0 kg of chamomile flowers are poured into 5 liters of boiling water, allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Note the infusion must be filtered and added to the bath. Such a bath should be taken at a water temperature of 34-36 degrees for 10-15 minutes.
Finally, mustard baths that are used for acute respiratory infections in children.
To prepare a mustard bath, dry mustard (based on 10-15 g of mustard per 10-15 liters of fresh water) is preliminarily diluted in warm (38-39 degrees) water to the consistency of liquid sour cream. Then the resulting portion of mustard is poured into a container with the required volume of water, further stirring. The duration of taking such a bath is also 10-15 minutes at a water temperature of 39-40 degrees.
It should be remembered that mustard baths are contraindicated in case of hyperthermia (fever) in a child!
Hardening also includes: compliance with the daily routine and a balanced diet.
May your baby grow up strong and be always healthy!!!
Memo for parents when a child enters kindergarten
Hello baby!
Dear parents!
An important event has happened in the life of your family: your baby is going to kindergarten! Congratulations!
All worries about choosing a kindergarten, getting a ticket are over. But the question arises, how can your such a small child get used to a new environment for him? How can I make this period easier for him?
Separation from home, relatives, meeting new adults and children can be a serious stress factor. It is very important that this transition be smooth, soft.
The duration of the adaptation period is individual. Getting used to preschool is also a test for parents, an indicator of how ready they are to support the child, to help him overcome difficulties.
In our kindergarten, children receive physical and musical development, act with didactic and building materials, get acquainted with the world around them, expand their passive vocabulary and improve active speech.
ATTENTION!
To avoid injuries, parents need to check the contents of the pockets in the child's clothes for dangerous objects (sharp, cutting, glass, small objects, pills, lollipops, chewing gum ...).
A child who does not attend kindergarten for more than five days must have a certificate from a doctor.
Your child should be weaned off breasts, nipples, bottles and diapers by the time they visit kindergarten.
To create comfortable conditions for a child to stay in a preschool educational institution, it is necessary:
At least three sets of changeable underwear (for boys - panties, tights, shorts; for girls - panties, tights). In warm weather - socks or golfs).
a sufficient number of handkerchiefs (a handkerchief is also necessary for a child on a walk: please put the handkerchief in the pocket of outerwear).
laundry bag.
all clothing must be marked (write the full name).
neat appearance, clothes and shoes fastened to all buttons;
washed face;
clean nose, hands, trimmed nails;
trimmed and carefully combed hair (if girls have long hair, then it is necessary to collect them);
clean underwear;
clothes should be true to size (not too big and even more so small);
ties and fasteners on clothes should be located so that the child can serve himself;
it is undesirable to wear overalls (this interferes with the formation of independent cultural and hygienic skills);
shoes should be light, fit the child's foot, easy to put on and take off, have a fixed heel, a low heel, preferably with a clasp.
Adaptation- this is a complex process of adaptation of the body, which occurs at different levels: physiological, socio-psychological.
To make the first weeks of your stay in kindergarten as stress-free as possible, take into account the following recommendations:
- tell the child what kindergarten is, why children go there;
- try to establish the correct daily routine (bring it closer to the kindergarten regimen).
- get to know the kindergarten regime in advance and bring the conditions of upbringing in the family as close as possible to it (earlier rise, time for daytime sleep and meals ...)
- instill in the child the necessary self-service skills in advance;
- get the necessary vaccinations in advance;
- try to rid the child of bad habits (sucking fingers and biting nails, eating from a bottle, constantly sucking on a pacifier, sleeping with obligatory motion sickness);
- in the first days the child stays in kindergarten for 1-2 hours, then his stay is brought to a full day for 2-3 weeks;
- it is advisable to give the child a couple of days of rest if he categorically refuses to go to kindergarten;
- if it is very difficult for the child and mother to part, then the father or someone else from relatives can take the child to kindergarten;
- get to know the teachers of the group in advance, tell us about the individual characteristics of your child;
- never scare a child with a kindergarten;
- do not drag out the moment of parting with the child in kindergarten, but do not leave secretly (think up and rehearse in advance several different ways of saying goodbye: an air kiss, stroking the back ...);
- maintain a calm environment at home;
- do not overload the child with new information, do not visit crowded places and do not take noisy companies at home;
- do not show your excitement and anxiety in front of the child;
- be patient;
Show your child your love and care.
Most likely, if you try to fulfill all these conditions, then your baby will be fine to cope with the changes in his life. The task of parents at this time is to be calm, patient, attentive and caring.
Typical mistakes of parents (during the period of adaptation of the child to the preschool educational institution)
1. On weekends, you should adhere to the daily routine adopted in the preschool educational institution, repeat all the activities that the baby has already learned.
2. Blaming and punishing a child for crying.
Parents' unpreparedness for the child's negative reaction to the preschool educational institution (remember that for the baby this is the first social experience, tearfulness, some hysteria during the period of adaptation to the preschool educational institution is normal).
3. Early return to work (when your first working week after the decree coincides with the first week of the child's stay in kindergarten). Remember the possible frequent illnesses of the child in the initial period of visiting the preschool educational institution.
4. Being in a state of anxiety, anxiety (do not think about public opinion when your child screams in the locker room in the morning, all parents go through this, and this does not mean at all that you are not good enough in the role of "mom" or "dad") .
5. Reduced attention to the child (satisfied with the work of the preschool educational institution, some mothers sigh with relief and no longer pay as much attention to the baby as before). On the contrary, spend as much time as possible with your child during the adjustment period.
6. In the first year of attending a kindergarten, we do not recommend enrolling a child in additional classes, circles or sections.
Good luck! We are next to you! We can do this!
How to prepare your child for sleep
How many hours does a preschool child need to sleep?
There is no single answer, it all depends on the individual child - his temperament, state of health and the characteristics of the day spent.
A mobile, frisky child of choleric temperament in the evening either cannot calm down from overexcitation for a long time, or, conversely, instantly falls asleep as soon as his head touches the pillow. Such a child needs less time to sleep than others, however, parents need to ensure that in the daily routine of a moving baby, time must be allocated for an afternoon nap. This will allow nimble children to moderate their ardor a little and calm down.
Calm, sluggish children need both daytime and full night sleep no less necessary. It is hard for a balanced child to be in the company of noisy, scurrying choleric people, and he just needs a saving outlet in the form of daytime sleep.
Also, events or situations occur in the life of preschoolers that have an incredibly strong influence on the child’s psyche, but, from the point of view of an adult, are not so significant: moving to another apartment, moving to another group or kindergarten, losing a pet, etc. This can have such a strong impact on fragile souls that their owners can lose sleep for a long time. It is necessary to be attentive to changes in the behavior of a son or daughter and take the necessary measures in time.
Finally, a few tips for parents on preparing babies for bed:
Avoid noisy outdoor games a few hours before bedtime.
If possible, take the whole family for a walk near the house so that the body receives as much oxygen as possible.
In the warm season, the window in the bedroom can be left open all night, in winter it is enough to ventilate the room before going to bed.
Create a calm, soothing evening environment.
By following these simple tips, it will not be difficult for you to allow your child to enjoy healthy, healthy and enjoyable sleep.
Advice for parents
"Health is in order - thanks in charging"
Target: to develop the interest of children (2-3 years old) and parents in morning exercises, to maintain and strengthen the health of children. To form moral and volitional qualities in children (restraint, organization, independence, perseverance). Encourage parents to actively participate in the child's sports life.
The need for movement is inherent in the baby from birth. And the task of parents is not only to help the child develop harmoniously, to master new skills and abilities, but also not to discourage the desire to play sports in the future. The kid only through his own sensations learns a huge and attractive world. And to consolidate the innate love for movement, to make the baby more dexterous and resilient, to direct irrepressible energy into a “peaceful” channel, games and exercises that kids will enjoy will help.
Every mom and dad is well aware that physical exercise affects the functioning of all organs and systems. Sports activities improve metabolism, blood composition, train the cardiovascular system, increase immunity. But not all parents know that the physical development of the baby is also inseparably linked with his intellectual development. The better a child can run, jump, climb, the faster and more harmoniously his brain develops. Movement is the only activity that makes both the left and right hemispheres of the brain work at the same time. Therefore, it is important to introduce the baby to physical exercises as early as possible and strive for sports activities to be a source of joy and pleasure for the child, and in no case - coercion. It is necessary to accustom the baby to daily morning exercises. It's no secret that not all of us do it in the morning. But it is necessary to devote only 7-10 minutes to morning exercises with the baby and do it regularly, such a daily load will become familiar and natural for the child. He just can't do without her. Just like without morning washing and brushing your teeth. Any sports activities with a baby should be carried out in a fun and playful way, and each time something new should be introduced into them. After all, doing with the baby, adults themselves will receive a charge of vivacity and fun for the whole day. It's great to do any exercises with the kids with suitable rhymes, you can also attach your favorite toys for this important matter:
The animals went out to charge,
Calculated in order.
Children next to them
Both girls and boys.
The exercises begin
Legs rise to the top.
Well, we'll raise our hands
High, to the very cloud!
Here comes the furry bear,
The tramp stomps loudly.
Let's help the clubfoot
We'll pass like a bear, too.
Top yes top, top yes top
And clap and clap!
Bunny jumping on the lawn
We'll jump like a bunny.
Legs together, jump, jump!
Have fun buddy!
The bees flap their wings,
Dancing together over the flowers.
Let's put our hands to the sides,
Like spreading wings.
Waved, flew
And how the bees buzzed:
W-w-w!
Here the hooves flickered -
These horses are galloping.
Let's run like horses
On the toes, then on the heels.
That's it for charging!
Goodbye guys!
If you really want
Come again tomorrow.
Captivate the baby with your example, for this, do all the exercises with fun, with passion. Very soon, your baby will remember the simple rhymes and the movements that need to be performed under them. And this means that we also develop memory. Try it, it's not only a log, but also a lot of fun!
Advice for parents
How can you help your child grow up? Crisis of three years
Description: This consultation will help parents of babies understand the
the concept of the "crisis of three years", as well as what to do, how to behave, how to respond to some antics of a changed child, and most importantly, how to help the baby cope with himself.
The little angel you had about two and a half years ago is gone. A small monster has appeared, a despot, an egoist, he scoffs, tests his nerves for strength and admires you with interest when you are beside yourself. This is the crisis of three years. The first two - the crisis of the newborn and the year - passed unnoticed and safely, but what to do about it? It is impossible not to pay attention, to live as before. What's up with the baby? Everything is okay. The child lived enough time, focusing on you: your mood, behavior, actions, manners were perceived by the child as his own. And suddenly such a find - "I". “I am a person”, there is the world, and there is “I”. But this find cannot be touched, tasted, disassembled, it can be fun only by showing in behavior what the child willingly does: whines, throws tantrums, expresses obstinacy.
In the common people, such children are called differently. Developmental psychologists say that a developmental crisis is necessary for the formation of a child's personality. But how this crisis will pass and what the child will become after depends on adults. So here is your guide to action. Be patient. Stubbornness, obstinacy, negativism, self-will, rebellion, despotism, depreciation of human norms of behavior are the characteristic features of this period. Do not think that "you got" an obnoxious child, he just has not yet learned how to behave. He does not know how to "play" with his discovery of "I".
- The kid has discovered his personality, but does not know whether it is good or bad. It is during this period that self-esteem is laid, which means that the task of parents is not to skimp on approval, not to criticize without good reason.
- It is important for a child to do everything himself, and this is not only eating, dressing, brushing his teeth - this is how his independence develops; independence is now being formed, which means that it is important to make decisions yourself. Give in to the child, build communication in such a way that he has the opportunity to convince you, at least in small things, because the “trifle” is for you, but for the child everything is essential.
- Stubbornness is a kind of will-trainer, do not harass it in the bud, make reasonable compromises.
- Knowing about the peculiarities of the period, change tactics. The child likes to be stubborn, mischievous, play with him so that he can realize these traits of his, let off steam in the game. For example, I feed my daughter, forbidding her to eat from my plate. I am glad when Alice does not put on slippers, and I put them on the top shelf of the closet, the shoes immediately become in demand. Take the child “weakly” (you can’t eat it all!). Forbidding anything pretend, do not be too serious, have fun together, laugh at childish disobedience. The main thing here is that the baby understands exactly where the game is and where the real requirements are.
- It should also be noted that all the negative of the crisis is poured out on the person who is closest in communication. Mom can often hear during this period from her father, grandmothers, nannies, educators: “He (the child) doesn’t behave like that with us!”. And it’s understandable, because all the previous time the baby lived precisely as a mother (or those who replace her), so now he opposes himself to this person with special zeal.
- Often during this period, children become impossible whiners. Go to the trick again: pretend that you do not understand unintelligible speech, but really want to know what its essence is. She whines that she wants juice, ask again: “Do you want a cook? Aching side? Ochu oook? Stocking!" Say it right and get it.
- Worse than whining only tantrums. Gather your will into a fist and do not pay attention, let him yell, roll on the ground, the main thing is that without injuries, let the rest. There should be no emotions from you: neither positive nor negative. Do not discuss this incident. The simulator must know: you can't get through with this, you DO NOT, you DIDN'T notice what happened. If the situation does not allow you to “leave the hysteria unattended”, try to distract (just do not give out what you want); it didn’t work out - take pity, hug, “switch the arrows” to a fabulous, fictional character. (I am very sorry, but Baba Yaga forbade my aunt to sell this toy to us.) But pity and distraction is an extreme measure, hysteria should be ignored! And remember, everything will be fine. The result of the passage of the crisis is the formation of will, independence, pride in one's achievements. I wish you success!
Advice for parents
"How to boost immunity: spring rules for parents"
Immunity is the body's response to external stimuli: microbes, viruses, infections, and even lifestyle. Strong immunity is important at any age, but for children it is not so much important as vital. The body grows, develops, it needs strength in order to explore the world, to adapt to adult life, without being distracted by colds and flu.
By the way, immunologists divide immunity into 2 groups: natural and artificial.
Natural immunity is the “mirror” of the body. It is he who is responsible for how the body behaves in response to contact with the carrier of the virus and infection.
Artificial immunity is “acquired” after vaccination.
Why is immunity weakened?
In fact, there are no hidden and unknown causes of weakened children's immunity.
Everything is simple. Violation of the regimen, poor sleep, unbalanced nutrition, neglected infectious diseases, even an unhealed tooth - all this negatively affects the baby's immunity. Do not forget about the environmental situation, and the stresses that a growing organism is exposed to.
Signs of a weakened immune system :
Child gets sick more than 5 times a year
The disease progresses without fever.
The kid is always tired, pale, naughty
Enlarged lymph nodes
Dysbacteriosis.
Weakened immunity most often "gives itself out" in the spring.
How to help a child strengthen immunity, recuperate after a long winter and meet the spring warmth cheerful and healthy?
Several well-known, simple, but very effective factors will help to gain strength and strengthen the child’s immunity:
vitamin supplement,
Active walks in the fresh air
complete sleep,
Positive emotions.
Let's talk in more detail about each of the points.
Vitamin Army.
The main assistants in maintaining and strengthening children's immunity after winter are vitamins, the presence of which is mandatory in the child's diet.
Vitamin CAscorbic acid, familiar and familiar from childhood, is extremely important for the child's body.
Important: ascorbic acid is not synthesized by the human body and does not accumulate in it, its reserves must be constantly replenished.
With a lack of vitamin C, the child becomes pale, quickly gets tired, his appetite worsens, and resistance to infectious diseases decreases. A familiar picture? Let's start the process of vitaminization!
The largest amount of vitamin C is found in rose hips, black currants, sea buckthorn, kiwi, sweet peppers, citrus fruits. Traditionally, add lemon to tea, give your child rosehip and blackcurrant decoctions, if there is no allergy, offer citrus fruits and kiwi, and sweet peppers are an excellent ingredient for light spring salads.
Vitamin A (retinol) - helps metabolism, plays important role in the formation of bones and teeth, has a beneficial effect on vision, is necessary for the growth of new cells and fight infection.
Foods containing vitamin A can help support children's immunity - beef liver, milk, butter, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, egg yolk. Spring sources of vitamin A for those guys who love fruits and vegetables are: carrots, spinach, broccoli, green onions, parsley, apples, grapes.
Vitamin E (tocopherol) - is necessary for all tissues of the body, protects red blood cells, improves oxygen transport, nutrition of the skin and mucous membranes, takes an active part in the work of the muscular system, so the weakness of the child, apathy and sudden mood swings are among the first symptoms of its deficiency.
Sunflower, flaxseed, olive oil, Brussels sprouts, nuts, seeds, oatmeal, leafy greens, whole grains, and eggs can help fight weakness, bad mood, and vitamin E deficiency.
B vitamins . There are a lot of important vitamins in this group and each has its own number: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, B13, B15 - a whole army to protect our health!
Signs of a lack of B vitamins can be anemia, lack of appetite, reduced body resistance to infectious diseases, peeling of the skin, brittle nails, constant fatigue, weakness.
We actively introduce buckwheat and wheat groats, bread, red meat, fish, liver, eggs, legumes, brown rice, yeast, milk, cheese, peas, cabbage, potatoes and nuts into the family diet.
Freshly squeezed juices are indispensable in baby food, and they are of particular importance for strengthening the immune system. Vegetable juices will help in the construction and restoration of cells and tissues of the body, and fruit juices are indispensable in the fight against microbes, enhance the body's defense against infections.
Sour-milk products will help in maintaining normal intestinal microflora, which is one of the most important organs of the immune system, because about 80% of all immune cells of the body are located in its mucous membrane.
It is important to remember that to strengthen the immunity of a child, it is not individual products that are important, but a complete balanced diet. It is necessary for the normal functioning of all systems in the body, including the immune system.
However, do not forget that in the spring, during the period of weakened immunity after the cold weather, it is walks in the fresh air, when the first sun warms and replenishes the supply of vitamin D in our body, that will give the child strength, help in the fight against the residual effects of colds, increase appetite, strengthen the nervous system.
Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D in the body. Under their influence, it is formed on the surface of the skin, absorbed, penetrates into the blood, and then into the liver, from where its activation begins. An important nuance: our body can accumulate vitamin D and store it in reserve, so it is very important that we get enough of it on sunny days.
Spring is the time to remember the daily routine and go to bed on time, because the children's body is tired and it absolutely needs additional support. Enter at least a temporary moratorium on watching TV.
A short evening walk, a light vitamin dinner and an early bedtime - these simple principles will help not only children, but also us adults to feel full of energy, fresh and healthy.
If your child complains of being unwell, perhaps not only his body lacks vitamins, he asks for your participation, affection and care. Try to pay more attention to the child, be interested in his problems, talk to him, and his condition will improve. And hug even more often, because during hugs, the amount of the hormone oxytocin increases in the blood, which is responsible for our well-being and good mood, and the amount of cortisol, the stress hormone, decreases.
At least 6-8 hugs a day are necessary for a child to feel loved, needed, important, confident, energetic, courageous and happy. Do happy and energetic people get sick? Of course not, they just don't have a reason to. So hug to your health!
So, we remember and use four whales to strengthen children's immunity: a balanced fortified diet, fresh air, good sleep and positive.
Experienced immunologists say that as a person behaves as a whole, so does every cell of his body. This means that an active, happy and independent child will charmingly have strong immunity and good health!
Advice for parents: "Productive ways of education: encouragement or punishment?"
In order for a child to successfully socialize in society and develop into a full-fledged personality, he must obey adults. However, not all children readily follow the rules and obey the requirements. In the arsenal of adults, there are several ways to control the behavior of a child:
Negative ways: punishments, prohibitions, shouts, orders, remarks;
Positive ways: request, praise, encouragement, behavior modification.
Which of these methods of education is more effective?
The most democratic way of education are requests. However, they are not always effective, especially when interacting with young children. For example, it makes no sense to persuade a child not to touch the iron at the moment when his hand has almost touched the hot surface.
Without application prohibitions and remarks Raising a child is almost impossible. The meaning of the remark is to effectively stop unacceptable behavior and offer the child more constructive ways out of the current situation. But in order for the prohibitions, demands and remarks of adults to fully affect the child, they must be heard and taken to action. How to put forward your demands and prohibitions? Psychologist Sheila Eiberg suggests following these guidelines:
1. Requirements and prohibitions should not be too much. The presence of a large number of restrictions and prohibitions that apply to all spheres of life leads to the development of lack of will and indecision in a child.
2. The requirements must not be in clear conflict with the essential needs of the child. For example, we should not restrict a child's need for movement or his research interests just because we are afraid that he will break something. It is better to create a safe environment for him. You can explore puddles, but only in rubber boots. You can even throw stones at a target, if you take care that no one gets hurt.
3. Do not give vague, obscure or evasive instructions. All requirements addressed to the child must be specific. This will allow him to better understand what they want from him. Example: vague request - behave decently, specific - please, speak more quietly. Evasive demand - go sit down, specific - sit next to me.
4. Give short and clear directions. It is easier for a child to follow short than huge requirements that may seem impossible. Example: a short requirement - put the books on the shelf, a complex one - clean the room.
5. Give positive directions. Tell your child what to do, not what not to do. Children have a negative attitude towards demands that begin with the words “stop”, “don’t”. Example: negative demand - stop rocking in a chair, positive - get off the chair and come to me.
6. Show respect, do not humiliate the child. Speak the requirements in a neutral tone. Don't beg or scream. This makes communication between you and your child more enjoyable. Demands and prohibitions given in an angry or imperious manner are perceived doubly hard. Example: Stand next to me immediately!!! To the question: "Why not?" - you should not answer: "Because I say so!", "It is impossible, that's all!". It is necessary to briefly explain: "It's already late", "It's dangerous."
7. Give your child only those instructions that he can follow. It will not be fair to punish disobedience if the child is not able to comply with your demand. Example: impossible instruction - draw a stop sign, feasible instruction - draw a picture.
8. Rules (restrictions, requirements, prohibitions) must be agreed upon by the parents among themselves.
Punishments help to achieve the desired and discipline the child. But they should not be abused. Since any punishment causes negative emotional experiences and anger in the child, or the constant suppression of this anger. Suppressed anger can develop into passive-aggressive behaviors. In this case, the child may begin to act on the sly, on purpose to do something "out of spite."
What can this lead to? Firstly, to the deterioration of the relationship between parents and the child, and, secondly, the constant expectation of punishment can suppress the manifestation of initiative in the child. He will be afraid to make decisions on his own and take on a new business, as his motivation for “avoiding failure” and not “achieving success” will prevail. All this can greatly complicate his life in the future.
Therefore, it is possible to punish a child only in extreme cases, using constructive forms of punishment:
1. Use "Natural Punishment". It represents a refusal to help a child in a situation of disobedience. For example, when a child, sitting at the table, indulges in a glass of juice, and, in the end, spills it, do not rush to help. Suggest that he take a rag and wipe the juice himself, and then change clothes. Thus, he will learn by personal example why it makes sense to handle cups, plates and their contents with care. Gradually, the child himself will learn to establish causal relationships between his actions and their results.
2. Punishment must be fair. In this case, the child's self-esteem will not suffer, and the punishment will bring real benefits. For example, if he spilled water on the floor because he wanted to water the flowers, but did not hold a heavy bottle in his hands, this is not a reason for punishment, but for buying a small watering can. But if a child deliberately performs some action that is forbidden to him, then this can be considered as a reason for punishment.
3. Follow the sequence. Punishment will benefit and cause no harm in the case when it is regular, and not accidental. Therefore, it is important that prohibitions and punishments are stipulated in advance, and not when the offense has already been committed. The child must know how and for what he can be punished. He will feel more confident knowing what he can and cannot do. But punishing a child for breaking a rule unknown to him is pointless and unfair. It is necessary to explain to him that he did wrong, and to warn that next time he will be punished for it.
4. Punishment should be applied immediately after the misconduct, and not some time after it. The child must see and evaluate the results of his misconduct immediately, otherwise the current situation will lose its meaning and he will not draw any useful conclusions.
5. The approach to punishment must be reasonable. Punishment should contain some opportunities for learning, mastering positive skills. It is desirable that it be logically connected with the misconduct. For example, it makes no sense to leave a child without a walk as a punishment if he scatters toys instead.
6. It is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child. For example, if you have a hyperactive child, then disciplinary measures in the form of constant punishments, remarks, shouting and lectures will not lead to an improvement in behavior, but, on the contrary, will worsen it. With such children, you need to communicate gently and calmly.
7. It is better to punish a child by depriving him of something good than by making him feel bad.
The child should never be punished.:
When he is sick;
Before sleep and immediately after sleep;
While eating (the child literally "swallows" negative signals, this can lead to the development of psychosomatic diseases);
Immediately after a mental or physical injury;
When a child sincerely tries to do something, but he does not succeed;
When the teacher himself is in a bad mood.
In no case should physical punishment be used, since they adversely affect the personality of the child, contributing to the emergence of undesirable character traits. The systematic use of physical punishment can break the will of the child, turn him into a submissive and incapable of making independent decisions.
In the process of raising a child, it is necessary to use praise and encouragement. Psychologists have proven that positive reinforcement is much more effective than negative reinforcement, since it immediately forms the necessary behavior, and praise helps the child gain self-confidence. As a positive reinforcement for a child, there can be: attention and affection from the educator, praise, positive emotions that the baby receives when he reaches his goal.
Praise is made up of two components - our words and the conclusions of children. Our words should express a clear positive assessment of children's actions, intentions and achievements, so that the child can draw from them a realistic conclusion about himself and his abilities.
However, not all praise is beneficial. How to praise a child?
1) You should not praise the child for what is given to him easily (for what is given to him by nature). Praise not for effort and achievement, but for the presence of ability, does not give any incentive to development.
2) It is harmful, to praise a child unnecessarily and insincerely. It devalues the praise. Repeating praise unnecessarily acts like a drug: the child gets used to it and waits for it. This can lead to the development of selfishness and feelings of superiority over others.
3) Praise and encouragement should be done on time. They should neither be late nor be given too quickly. Praise given at the right time will lead to concentration of effort, and belated reinforcement will not have the desired effect.
4) It is important to praise a specific act of the child, and not his personality as a whole. Otherwise, you can form an overestimated self-esteem and selfishness in him. If in later life the child is faced with the fact that the people around him do not value him as highly as he imagines himself, then this can lead to neurosis.
For example: Proper praise: "Thank you for putting away all the toys." Wrong praise: "You're just great!". Correct praise: "You drew such a beautiful picture." Wrong praise: "You are a real artist."
5) You can not put one child as an example to another. Scolding one and praising the other, you thereby impose his example on the first, opposing them to each other. This does not in any way cause a desire to "take an example" from the one who is (unfairly) praised. Contrasting children with each other can cause them negativism, unhealthy rivalry, and the rejection of those activities that do not guarantee success.
The most effective way to educate preschoolers is behavior modification technique. Its essence is that for good behavior the child receives encouragement, and for bad behavior - punishment or deprivation of privileges.
Advice for parents
"Play with the kids"
Parents know that children love to play, encourage their independent play, buy toys. But not everyone thinks about the educational value of children's games. They believe that the game is for fun, for the entertainment of the child. Others see in it one of the means of distracting the baby from pranks, whims, filling his free time so that he is in business. The same parents who constantly play with children, watch the game, appreciate it as one of the important means of education. For a preschool child, the game is the leading activity in which his mental development takes place, the personality as a whole is formed. The life of adults interests children not only with its external side. They are attracted by the inner world of people, the relationship between them, the attitude of parents to each other, to friends, to other relatives, to the child himself. Their attitude to work, to surrounding objects. Children imitate their parents: the manner of dealing with others, their actions, labor actions. And they transfer all this into their games, thus consolidating the accumulated experience of behavior, forms of attitude. With the accumulation of life experience, under the influence of training, education - children's games become more meaningful, diverse in plots, themes, in the number of roles played, participants in the game. In games, the child begins to reflect not only the life of the family, the facts that are directly perceived by him. But also the images of the heroes of fairy tales read to him, stories that he needs to create according to the idea.
However, without guidance from adults, children even of older preschool age do not always know how to play. Some have little ability to apply their knowledge, they do not know how to fantasize, others, being able to play on their own, do not have organizational skills. It is difficult for them to negotiate with partners, to act together. One of the older members of the family, joining the game, can become a link between the children, teach them to play together. Host partners can also play together. Usually, each imposes his theme of the game on the other, striving to be in the lead role. In this case, you can not do without the help of an adult. You can play the main role in turn, an adult can take a secondary role. Joint games of parents with children spiritually and emotionally enrich children, satisfy the need for communication with loved ones, strengthen faith in their own strength.
The authority of the father and mother, who know and can do everything, grows in the eyes of children, and with it, love and devotion to loved ones grow. It’s good if a preschooler knows how to independently start a game, pick up the right game material, mentally build a game plan, negotiate with game partners, or be able to accept his plan and jointly carry out his plan. Then we can talk about the ability of a preschooler to play. But these children also require attention and a serious attitude to their games. They sometimes need to consult with their mother, father, grandmother, older brother, sister. In the course of the game, ask, clarify, get approval of their actions, actions, thus affirming themselves in the forms of behavior.
Younger preschoolers 2-4 years old not only can't play together, they can't play on their own. The kid usually aimlessly carries the car back and forth, not finding a greater use for it, he quickly abandons it, demands a new toy. Independence in the game is formed gradually, in the process of playing communication with adults, with older children, with peers. The development of independence largely depends on how the child's life is organized in the game. To wait until he begins to play on his own means deliberately inhibiting the development of a child's personality.
One of the important pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of the game of a small child is the selection of toys by age. For a baby, a toy is the center of the game, a material support. She pushes him to the topic of the game, gives rise to new connections, causes a desire to act with her, enriches sensory experience. But toys that adults like do not always have educational value for children. Sometimes a simple shoebox is more valuable than any clockwork toy. The box can be a trailer for a car in which you can transport cubes, soldiers, bricks, or arrange a stroller for dolls in the box.
senior preschoolers appreciate toys made by the hands of parents. Children constantly need to have pieces of fur, fabric, cardboard, wire, wood on hand. From them, children make the missing toys, rebuild, supplement, etc., which, undoubtedly, expands the playing possibilities of children, fantasy, and forms labor skills.
In the child's play economy, there should be different toys: plot-shaped (depicting people, animals, objects of labor, everyday life, transport, etc.), motor (various wheelchairs, strollers, balls, skipping ropes, sports toys), building sets, didactic (various turrets, nesting dolls, board games).
When purchasing a toy, it is important to pay attention not only to novelty, attractiveness, cost, but also to pedagogical expediency. Before you make another purchase, it's a good idea to talk to your son or daughter about what kind of toy he needs and for what game.
Often girls play only with dolls, so they are often deprived of the joy of playing such games in which ingenuity, resourcefulness, and creativity are formed. Girls play with dolls either alone or only with girls. With boys, they have no common interests and no prerequisites for the emergence of friendly relationships between children. Boys usually play with cars, with children's weapons. Such toys also limit the circle of communication with girls. It is better when we are adults, we will not divide toys into “girls” and “boys”.
If a boy does not play with a doll, he can buy a bear, a doll in the form of a boy, a baby, a sailor, Pinocchio, Cheburashka, etc. It is important that the baby gets the opportunity to take care of someone. Soft toys depicting people and animals delight children with their attractive appearance, evoke positive emotions, a desire to play with them, especially if adults from an early age are taught to take care of toys and keep them neat. These toys turn out to be the first helpers of children in acquiring the experience of communicating with the surrounding children and adults. If a child does not have sisters and brothers, then toys are in fact his partners in games, with whom he shares his sorrows and joys. Games with building materials develop in children a sense of form, space, color, imagination, constructive abilities.
Sometimes adults need to help build this or that building, think together what parts are needed, what color, how to fix it, how to supplement the missing structures, how to use the building in the game.
Games: lotto, dominoes, paired pictures, open up the opportunity for children to enjoy the game, develop memory, attention, observation, eye, small muscles of the hands, learn endurance, patience. Such games have an organizing effect, since they offer to strictly follow the rules. It is interesting to play such games with the whole family so that all partners are equal in the rules of the game. The little one also gets used to the fact that he needs to play, observing the rules, comprehending their meaning. Very valuable are the games of children with theatrical toys. They are attractive with their external bright appearance, the ability to "talk". The production of flat figures from cardboard and other materials by the whole family enables children to play out familiar works of fiction on their own, to invent fairy tales.
The participation of adults in children's games can be different. If a child has just bought a toy and knows how to play with it, it is best to let him act on his own. But soon the experience of the child is depleted. The toy becomes uninteresting. Here the help of the elders is needed, to suggest a new game action, to show them, to offer additional game material to the existing game. When playing with a child, it is important for parents to follow their plan. The even, calm, friendly tone of an equal partner in the game inspires the child with confidence that they understand him, they want to play with him.
If a preschooler, especially a small one, has a play corner, then from time to time he should be allowed to play in the room where the family gathers in the evenings, in the kitchen, in the grandmother's room, where there is a new environment, where everything is interesting. The new environment gives rise to new game actions, plots.
The child is very happy with the minutes given to him by his parents in the game. Communication in the game is not fruitless for the baby. The more precious minutes fall in the company of people close to him, the greater the relationship, common interests, love between them in the future.
Advice for parents
"Visual activity of children
from 2 to 3 years"
The beginning of the development of figurative thinking, clarification of ideas about the properties and relationships of objects and their spatial arrangement and dynamic properties. By 2.5 years - a higher level of comparisons and generalizations, there is an interest in the purpose, cause and effect of the situation of interest.
The emergence of object-constructive, situational-game actions with game material.
On the this stage a drawing is an object - a substitute with which the child wants to act (play). The kid discovers the functions of objects.
Actions become generalized (transfers actions to a new similar item). Drawing according to the “plan” appears (the child himself sets a goal, a visual task).
The main motivating motive is the “discovery” made by the child: anything can be depicted in a drawing, on paper.
The original idea is poor in content, not clear. Drawing is poor in graphic, and modeling in plastic image. The child accompanies the process of scribbling on a piece of paper with a speech: he comments, supplements the graphic image with a word, makes it seem more meaningful, complete.
The leading type of relationship to the world - orientation to objects - is already realized not only in the usual object-tool activity, but also in figurative reflection, that is, it finds expression in the content of games and visual activity (mainly objects of interest to the child, natural phenomena).
Interest in the pictorial material and ways of acting with it remains, since these materials are part of the objective world that is interesting for the baby.
Do not miss the sensitive period for the development of the operational and technical side of the activity (the baby is focused on the objective world). To acquaint with artistic techniques and materials, to involve in playing an artistic plot.
Adult Tasks:
- enrich the baby with vivid impressions when introducing him to the world of things, natural phenomena, people and their actions.
If the life of a child is interesting, full of vivid impressions, he has a desire to tell about it in drawing, modeling, and the topics of the image in this case are diverse.
The child draws only what is interesting for him, significant, what worries him.
- develop interest in fine art objects (illustrations in books, small sculptures - figurines, artistically made toys).
- notice, understand images of familiar objects, phenomena; the ability to emotionally respond not only to the content of the image (the baby is happy: he “recognized” a bird, a bear, etc.), but also to an artistic form: bright color, shiny, smooth surface of clay, stone (it is necessary that he admire, stroke his palm, express attitude in a smile, a word).
- introducing the baby to the perception of accessible fine art, helping him not only to better understand and feel the world, but also to understand the meaning of his own fine art.
Materials for artistic research:
dough, snow, wet sand, clay, plasticine, finger paints, gouache, cereals or pasta, colored water, yogurt, crayons, pieces of coloring vegetables (beets, carrots ...), milk or semolina with food coloring, cotton wool, soap foam, sand, paper, Actions: drawing rhythmic strokes, spots, lines, dough, plain paper, colored, corrugated paper, cardboard, wallpaper, colored adhesive film, candy wrappers, foil, fabric scraps, threads of different colors, thicknesses and textures, clothespins, large buttons, boxes from kinder surprises, egg packaging, boxes, PVA glue, paste, natural materials (cones, acorns, nut shells, tree seeds, etc.), various constructor, building kits, mosaic.
Advice for parents on creating a home play corner for preschool children
Each child should have a certain place for games and activities, storage of toys, which would be a cozy corner for him.
The child should know where his toys or board games are. Mechanical toys should be placed separately, especially from board games and books. Constructors and building materials can be stored together with tools and various materials for work. Figurative toys (dolls, soft toys) can be kept in the closet, but it is even better if they are located in a place familiar to the child, somewhere on the floor. Here you can arrange puppet furniture, arrange a puppet kitchen, a kindergarten, a clinic, a zoo, a garage, a depot or a train station, depending on the mood and imagination of the player.
Adults should check from time to time whether everything is in order in the corner, but in exactly the order that is necessary for the child to play. Sometimes you need to check whether all the toys are required for the child's games, maybe some of them have not been involved in the game for a long time. Then they can be hidden for a while, making room for the most necessary, beloved, new toys. Cleaning, of course, feasible, the child in his corner should do it himself, so he will get used to cleanliness and neatness.
Proper storage of toys is the key to their long life! Nothing spoils toys so much as from improper storage, when after playing they are simply dumped in a heap. Cleaning toys can easily be turned into a continuation of the game or preparation for new games to keep the child interested.
However, many toys are not durable, they can break even with the most careful attitude towards them. Toys should not be thrown away if they can be repaired. And this work must be done together with the child. Of course, at first the baby will be able to perform only the simplest work. But the older the child, the greater his participation in this useful work. If such care for toys becomes a constant duty for a child, this will be a good school of diligence and accuracy. Repairing toys, the child learns many useful skills, gains knowledge about working with materials and tools. He learns what the objects are made of, what their properties are, what tools are needed in order to restore the former appearance of the toy, and then any object.
The habit of order in the toy farm will certainly affect the general attitude to order, the subsequent handling of books and school supplies.
Games and toys are not a personal matter of the child, this is a common family affair, where the elders teach the younger ones, and the younger ones help the elders, where everyone lives by common interests. It is also a matter of great social importance, since games are of great importance in shaping the personality of a child.
Advice for parents
“Road to dinner spoon or…..”
We must always remember that health is laid at an early age, especially in the digestive system.
1. When cooking, the taste preferences of the child are not taken into account. Sometimes the baby loves buckwheat, and the mother, tired from work, cooked borscht for the whole family and did not have the strength to cook more separate dishes. But in fact, it will not take much time to cook something separately for the baby, and most importantly, it will be a real pleasure to watch how your beloved child eats his dinner on both cheeks.
2. The child snacks between meals. It is very difficult to refuse a baby if he asks for candy or cookies. But, the result of the weakness shown by the parents will necessarily be the refusal of the child to eat.
3. Poor appetite after illness. It is very important after an illness not to force food on a child, let him eat often, but little by little, and try to cook his favorite dishes.
4. The child is forced to eat. It is impossible to force a child to eat something, it is impossible to achieve a positive result with threats, this will only cause rejection and disgust from food.
5. Increased requirements and prohibition. Parents try tricks to get the child to eat, offering either a candy, or watching a cartoon, or going to the zoo. But, unfortunately, it will not be possible to achieve a great effect in this way either. Eating in front of the TV, the child, without chewing food at all, will swallow it, and sweets and the zoo will also not lead to the desired result.
6. Influence of seasons on appetite. It is clear that in the hot season, not so much want to eat as drink. Therefore, it would be advisable to offer the child a non-hot liquid dish, juices, etc.
And of course, the design of the children's dish plays an important role, but here you already need to rely on the mother's imagination. Sandwiches in the form of a sleeping bear cub under a blanket, sausage; smesharik owl with big eyes made of egg yolks; wagons made of slices of loaf with wheels made of carrot circles and so on ...
Be sure to involve your child in cooking, let him help you as much as possible: serve a plate, a towel, hold a blender with his mother. Your baby will be especially happy to create a fairy tale from products together with his mother, and there, at work, his appetite will play out. The external attractiveness of the dish, especially for young children, has great importance, so parents need to use it one hundred percent.
Be attentive to your children, love them, and they will definitely respond to you with excellent appetite! And remember, the road is still a spoon for dinner, bon appetit!
On the role of fairy tales in the upbringing of children
A fairy tale is a great spiritual culture of the people, which we collect
bit by bit, and through a fairy tale, a thousand-year history of the people is revealed to us.
(Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy)
A fairy tale is always present in our lives: we heard it in childhood, we tell it to our children and grandchildren. For as long as we can remember, next to us are “Gingerbread Man”, “Turnip”, “Fox and Wolf” ... Russian folk, fairy tales of the peoples of the world, author's: everyday, magical, about animals. A child of any age will definitely say that fairy tales are Pushkin. There is no doubt that the first thing Alexander Sergeevich is remembered as is the author of the most famous and beloved fairy tales: “The Tale of the Pope and his worker Balda”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “ The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "The Bridegroom". Love for fairy tales was instilled in little Sasha by his nanny, Arina Rodionovna, for whom the poet carried love and affection all his life. He had the warmest memories of her. Fading with delight, little Pushkin eagerly absorbed every word of wonderful fairy tales. The nanny brightened up his loneliness in exile in Mikhailovsky, on long winter evenings, continuing to captivate the poet with fairy tales, sayings, proverbs, songs.
“I listen to the tales of my nanny, the original nanny Tatyana; she is my only friend, and it’s only with her that I’m not bored ...” Pushkin wrote to his brother from Mikhailovsky.
Pushkin transferred many images from his nanny's fairy tales to his works. He always remembered Arina Rodionovna with great warmth and dedicated poems to her.
I myself am not happy with my talkativeness,
But I love remembering my childhood.
Oh! I will keep silent about my mother,
About the charms of mysterious nights,
When in a cap, in an old robe,
She, evading the spirits with a prayer,
Cross me with zeal,
And in a whisper it will tell me
About the dead, about the exploits of Bova...
I won’t move from horror, it happened,
Barely breathing, I snuggle up under the covers.
Feeling neither legs nor head.
No one knows exactly when the first fairy tale appeared. She has lived among people since ancient times. It is known from history that it was customary for our ancestors not to punish those who obeyed, but to set them on the right path through a fairy tale, a story, an instructive story. Reading a fairy tale is considered the most ancient method of knowledge and education. Communicating with our children through a fairy tale, we convey to them knowledge about the spiritual world, about the purpose of a person in society, educate them, develop their inner world, heal them from fears and experiences. A fairy tale gives knowledge about life, the laws of being, awakens creativity, fantasy, brings up love for the Motherland, work, teaches to respect elders, protect the weak, help the sick and infirm. Definitely, a folk tale contributes to the formation of certain moral values, an ideal. Girls are aimed at the “red girl”, who is necessarily a needlewoman, and a beauty in mind and face, for boys - a good fellow (necessarily brave, brave, strong, honest, kind, hardworking, ready to defend his homeland at any moment). Such perfection for a child is a distant prospect, to which he will strive, comparing his deeds and actions with him. The highest goal set at a young age will largely determine him as a person. Adults need to know the baby's dream in order to correct and eliminate negative aspects in time.
It is considered good form in education to read a bedtime story to a child. With the dimmed light of a night lamp, the soft sound of a native voice, a magical story will lull the baby to sleep, give him good healthy dreams. In addition, the feeling that a close person is present next to him has a positive effect on the formation of the child's psyche. This helps him calm down, feel safe. The child feels that he is loved and taken care of. Obviously, the benefits of bedtime stories are indeed undeniable.
Scientists have long been talking about the therapeutic role of fairy tales, using them in psychological training, in the form of treating the state of mind of a small patient. Unfortunately, modern television is loaded to a greater extent with foreign cartoons, often aggressive, with violent fights, with obscure characters, and yet children imitate their favorite characters, adopt their ways of behavior, manner of speaking. That is why parents and teachers need to be very strict in choosing fairy tales and watching cartoons.
Both scientifically and by life it has been proven that children of different ages are very fond of listening to fairy tales and extraordinary stories that expand the range of their knowledge and horizons, help to gain the necessary knowledge about a person, about life problems, and ways to solve them. They give the idea that in addition to the real world, there is also a magical one, filled with miracles and adventures, that good always triumphs over evil.
The usefulness of fairy tales is undeniable. Using their example, you can “correct” “wrong” character traits. So, for greedy and selfish kids, it is useful to read the tales “About the Fisherman and the Fish”, “About the Three Greedy Bear Cubs”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, “Frost”, “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”, timid and shy, - “ About the cowardly bunny”, “Cowardly Vanya”, “The Adventures of Pinocchio”, “The Snow Queen” is suitable for disobedient and gullible.
Each of us had a favorite fairy tale that we listened to, read an incredible number of times. What is the secret of this literary genre? Why do our children, and we, adults, love fairy tales so much, what is their role, what is the use?
Recall that in the old, ancient times, our ancestors were in no hurry to punish children, but told an instructive story so that the delinquent could comprehend his behavior, draw conclusions and not repeat mistakes. A fairy tale is a very good method of educating and educating children. Telling fairy tales, we pass on the experience of our ancestors, supplementing it with our own, no less rich. Through a fairy tale, a child enriches the inner spiritual world, gets rid of experiences and fears, gains knowledge about life and its laws, develops imagination and creativity, learns to empathize and anticipate events. Thanks to a fairy tale, a child can play negative roles and feelings, while he will not be punished. Life stories very well share the idea of male and female behavior.
Every fairy tale has a main character. More often it is an active, brave character who knows how to survive in difficult situations. Even if at first he looked negative, then the story ends with his correction, understanding the negative aspects of his character. Each fairy tale teaches that good conquers evil, which is important in the formation of character.
The role of fairy tales in shaping the personality of a child has been proven by centuries of experience. These instructive stories teach kindness, forgiveness, tolerance, understanding what is good and what is bad. They stimulate concentration of attention, develop positive qualities, encourage reflection, encourage questions, search for answers. It is fairy tales that begin the child's acquaintance with literature, instill in him a love of reading. A fairy tale is a game necessary for the development of a personality.
Raising children through a fairy tale is undeniable, because it carries a huge stock of knowledge of previous generations. It is she who has an unobtrusive influence on the formation of the child's thinking, absorbing information through folk art. Through a fairy tale, it is easier to explain common truths to kids than moralizing. A fairy tale is a powerful tool for teaching toddlers and preschoolers. It is on the example of the heroes of fairy tales that important life information is best absorbed. Striking examples of modeling correct behavior are such fairy tales as "Gingerbread Man", "Grey Goat", "Teremok", "Wolf and Seven Kids", "Turnip". They very clearly show different oppositions: courage and cowardice, wealth and poverty, industriousness and laziness, ingenuity and stupidity, the success of collectivism and the difficulty of loneliness. On the example of fairy-tale characters, children learn to distinguish between good and evil, empathize with positive characters, mentally overcome difficulties and obstacles with them. Having believed in the simple truth that good conquers evil, the child will learn to overcome life's hardships more steadfastly. We can safely say from the first minutes of acquaintance with the fairy tale, the character of the baby begins to be tempered.
It is a well-known fact that many in childhood experience a feeling of fear: doctors, darkness, being alone in a room. Again, fairy tales can help in this situation. A child from the outside observes a seemingly hopeless situation, and now a way is found to successfully resolve it. The heroes are happy, healthy, evil is defeated. Knowing about the positive outcome of the case, the baby gradually conquers his fears.
Many experienced teachers note that children of the 21st century are characterized by a decrease in mental performance, excessive excitability, irritability, emotional exhaustion, and unstable mood. There is inhibition, or vice versa - irritability, aggressiveness. Children are often left alone at home, experiencing a lack of communication with their parents, peers, locking themselves on a TV or computer. With the help of modern technologies, a flurry of information fell on them, and often negative. Children have become less sensitive, responsive, do not have communication skills. Therefore, work aimed at the development of the emotional sphere is extremely relevant and important. And the main assistant is a fairy tale. Even K. D. Ushinsky called the fairy tales of the Russian people the first brilliant attempts at folk pedagogy. Admiring fairy tales as monuments of folk pedagogy, he wrote that no one is able to compete with the pedagogical genius of the people.
Do you remember the Armenian fairy tale in verse “Greedy Vartan”, for whom a furrier sewed as many as seven hats from sheep's skin, but none of them can be worn? Moral: greed and envy will not lead to good. And "Porridge from an ax"? About the resourcefulness and ingenuity of the Russian soldier? These instructive stories are a vivid example of folk pedagogy.
Fairy tales are an important educational tool, worked out and tested by the people over the centuries. Teachers know different forms of working with a fairy tale: reading, retelling, discussion, theatrical performance of fairy tales, watching films of fairy tales, holding a connoisseur competition, exhibitions of drawings, etc. Life, folk practice of education convincingly proved the pedagogical value of fairy tales. Children and a fairy tale are inseparable, and therefore adults should acquaint their children with the great spiritual culture of the people from an early age.
A few tips for young parents and novice teachers: read a fairy tale,
1. concentrating the attention of the child on it;
2. with expression, highlighting intonation climaxes;
3. clearly pronouncing the words;
4. only one, for deeper understanding;
5. chosen by the child (even if for the hundredth time!);
6. analyzing;
7. ask to retell;
8. preferably at bedtime.
"There are no fairy tales better than those created by life itself."
(Hans Christian Andersen)
Advice for parents
:
"Games and game exercises for teaching proper breathing"
Why Teaching Children to Breathe Properly
Many children, due to certain diseases (adenoids, heart disease, weakness of the body), cannot speak in long phrases, clearly enough, with logical pauses. It looks like the child is suffocating. And all in all, the baby is not enough in this moment air, during a conversation he has a weak breath and a short exhalation.
A child who does not know how to breathe properly can be recognized immediately: narrow shoulders, weak chest, open mouth, nervous movements.
During classes with a child, you should teach the baby to breathe correctly, to take each breath and each exhalation consciously, and not as you have to. It is necessary to explain in simple words that for a beautiful speech you will need to take care of your breathing, that is, be able to take a strong breath and exhale smoothly through your mouth while pronouncing the words.
Thus, adults who want to teach a child to speak beautifully and clearly should teach the baby to breathe properly.
Breathing exercises can be used as:
- as physical education minutes in the process of speech therapy classes;
- as part of the lesson;
- as special exercises in the form of game lessons;
- like games;
The development of speech breathing
For the education of speech, work on proper breathing is necessary. Well-placed speech breathing ensures the correct pronunciation of sounds, words and phrases.
For example, in order to correctly learn how to pronounce sounds - З, С, Ш, Ж, Р - a child must exhale strongly enough through his mouth.
So, speech breathing is the correct combination of inhalation and exhalation during the pronunciation of words and phrases. Speech breathing training is teaching the smooth pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words and phrases on the exhale.
It is possible to start training speech breathing proper only after the child has formed a strong, smooth exhalation (that is, physiological breathing is sufficiently developed). At the same time, it is necessary to teach the child to control the time of expiration, to use air sparingly. Additionally, the child develops the ability to direct the air stream in the right direction.
A gradual development is supposed, a movement from simple to complex.
Parameters of correct speech exhalation
1. Exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose or mouth -
"gaining a full chest of air"
2. Exhalation occurs smoothly, not in jerks.
3. During exhalation, the lips fold into a tube, do not
purse your lips, puff out your cheeks.
4. During exhalation, air exits through the mouth, air should not be allowed to exit through the nose (if the child exhales through the nose, you can pinch his nostrils so that he feels like he should
air out).
5. Exhale should be until the air runs out.
6. While singing or talking, you can not get air when
the help of frequent short breaths.
Games and exercises for the development of smooth speech exhalation
Purpose: - development of a long continuous oral exhalation
- activation of the lip muscles
1. Games with individual items.
- Inflate the balloon.
- Bulky, Rusty, foam. (with straw)
- Whistles. Whistles - "Police". Blow into the pipe.
- "Music bubble".
2. Games with objects that do not have an individual purpose.
- Fly, butterfly. Autumn leaves. Snowing. Fly birds. (pictures on threads)
- Wind (sultans, panicles)
- Dandelion, turntables (on a walk)
-Football (gates, fruits)
- "Bubble".
- Roll, pencil.
- Funny balls (tennis ball, dashed table)
-Balloon.
-Sail the boat. Swim duck. "Sailing Regatta"
- Blow out the candle.
It is possible to start training the actual speech breathing only after the child has formed a strong smooth exhalation. Speech breathing training is learning to smoothly pronounce sounds, syllables, words and phrases on the exhale. We offer the following stages in the development of speech breathing:
Stages of development of speech breathing
- singing vowel sounds - A, O, U, I, E;
- prolonged pronunciation of some consonant sounds
W, F, F, X;
- pronunciation of syllables on one exhalation;
- pronunciation of words on one exhalation;
- pronouncing phrases of various lengths on one exhalation;
- reading poems;
- singing songs;
Games for the development of speech breathing.
Purpose: - practicing correct speech breathing.
To the music:
- Sing with me (vowels A, O, U, I, E). (to the music)
- Cheerful nesting doll (with a doll or nesting doll with pronunciation of the syllables N: LA-LA)
- Sounds around us. (with subject pictures). Girls sing (singing faces)
- Birds are singing. (KO-KO-KO, KU-KU, CHIRIK-CHIRIK, GA-GA-GA)
Without music:
- Blow off the balloon (on the carpet, arms wide apart in front of you with the sound F)
- Pump (pronouncing the sound C on one exhale)
Early age is a special and very important period in a child's life. This is the period of development of fundamental vital functions. The child learns to walk, talk, handle and interact with different objects. In this difficult period, attentiveness and proper upbringing are very important, since the nature and functions of the child's brain are not only a hereditary process, but also a consequence of interaction with the environment.
In the first three years of a child's life, specific features of the development of young children and a very rapid pace of development of the child's body are observed. This is the only period in which you can see how within a short time a helpless and unskilled creature develops reflexes, habits, sensory and speech, not to mention the rapid weight gain and increase in height.
Features of the development of young children from 1 to 2 years
In the interval from 1 to 2 years, the features of the development of young children are as follows: the child begins to form important and complex brain functions, his behavior begins to form and his character begins to take shape. He begins to walk without support, which gives him the opportunity to explore the world around him more and more, and also gives him the opportunity to communicate directly with other children.
This is the age at which many social traits are formed, such as empathy and love for loved ones.
The growing interest in knowledge intensifies, and, given the increase in the period of wakefulness of the child, gives him more opportunities and endurance to devote himself to the study of the subject that interests him.
Undoubtedly, the fact that a child under the age of two years begins to improve speech and understand more words by imitating adults is important. For example, the first simple word forms and definitions appear: a cow is “mu-mu”, a dog is “bow-wow”, etc. Gradually, the child begins to imitate the phrases and intonations of adults and begins to increase vocabulary.
Also during this period, the child begins to listen to his inner feelings and learn to distinguish between his mood and feelings.
Features of the development of young children in the above period require the implementation of the following recommendations:
It is necessary to use games during which the child can develop speech and communication skills - this is a very important process in the development of children of this age. During the game, you need to use a simple and understandable speech for him, ask him to repeat the words after you and explain the meaning of the words he said.
Offer the child the choice “Will you be a pear or an apple?”, You should not rush him with the answer - he must choose for himself.
It is also important to play games that develop motor skills, such as cubes, pyramids.
Draw with your child, teach him to distinguish colors.
Talk to him, but do not complicate your speech in terms he does not understand. You should ask the questions “How are you feeling?”, “Are you interested?”, “Are you okay?” To teach him to distinguish between his feelings. Do not let the baby move objects and furniture.
Also in a playful way, you can clean up the house with him and do household chores.
Teach him to recognize facial expressions, this can also be easily done using games.
Explain to the child the meaning of the word "no" and its reasons.
The age of a child under 3 years old is the most favorable time for the beginning of the development of any abilities in him. Therefore, it is important not to miss the moment and start working with the child on time. Play is the first thing any child needs to learn.
It is at the age of 3 years that the child begins to attend kindergarten. The first days in kindergarten are one of the most exciting moments in the life of every family. Which teacher the child will get to, whether he will like it in kindergarten, how quickly he will get used to the new environment, whether he will find friends, whether they will offend him ... These and many more questions concern every parent.
A cozy group and an abundance of new beautiful toys cannot replace the absence of a loved one. A small child cannot yet entertain himself, he does not know what to do with this or that toy, he does not know how to communicate with peers and unfamiliar adults. Therefore, the main task of the teacher at this stage is to help the child adapt as quickly as possible to an unusual environment for him. A smart, knowledgeable, attentive, sincere, kind, and most importantly, a teacher who loves children can do a lot. It is in his power to create a joyful and friendly atmosphere in the group, to win the trust of children. Their mood will rise if the kids understand that an adult is devoted to playing with them with all his heart. They will be happy to play with an adult on an equal footing, repeating all his actions.
Well, if mothers are allowed to be with children. The child will feel more confident and less stressed. If the baby sees that the mother is actively involved in the course of the lesson, then he will enthusiastically enter into all the proposed games. Of course, gradually and imperceptibly, the role of the mother in the classroom should be reduced to a minimum.
Adaptation to kindergarten- a complex and sometimes lengthy process that lasts from 1 to 3 weeks, but sometimes it drags on for six months or even a year!
The entry of the child into the team should be gradual. There are now many short stay groups. As a rule, such groups work 2-3 times a week, and the child is in them from 30 to 50 minutes.
The task of such mini-groups is not only to educate a full-fledged and versatile personality, but also to help the child painlessly survive admission to kindergarten.
In the classroom, children get acquainted with the following types of games.
|
Types of games |
Descriptive characterization of games |
|
Movable |
"Hide and seek", "Catch up", "Catch the dog", "Pass the cat", "Small - big", "Rain and sunshine", "Through the stream", "Sparrows and the car", "Bring an object", etc. |
|
Sports |
Crawling, climbing, walking, ball games, jumping, balance exercises, running, general developmental exercises |
|
Musical |
Playing musical instruments, guessing what sounds like, listening to music, singing and singing along, dancing to the music |
|
Poetic (physical education, finger, round dances, marches) |
Physical education minutes: "A gray bunny is sitting", "A bear with a clubfoot", "Like snow on a hill"; finger games: “This finger is mom”, “Forty-white-sided”; round dances: “Like on our name day”, “Mice lead a round dance”, “Inflate, bubble”; marches "Big feet walked along the road", etc. |
|
Exercises for the development of speech |
Reading nursery rhymes, poems, fairy tales, stories to children. Word comprehension games: "What is this?" “What is he doing?”, “What is he like?”, “What is it for us?”, replenishment of the active dictionary of children |
|
Games - dramatizations |
Dramatization of fairy tales and nursery rhymes: "Ryaba Hen", "Turnip", "Teremok", "Three Bears", "Cat's House", etc. |
|
For the development of fine motor skills of the hands |
“Shift the peas”, “Shift the cereal with a spoon”, “Mosaic”, “Fill the bottle with chopsticks”, “Remove clothespins”, “Attach magnets”, “Drive in nails”, “Shoelaces”, etc. |
|
Articulation gymnastics |
Breathing exercises: “Blow on dandelions, cotton wool, small pieces of paper, water”, “Play the trumpet”, “Soap bubbles”; exercises for the mobility of the articulatory apparatus: “How the wolf howls”, “Kitten laps milk”, “Horse”, etc. |
|
With didactic subjects |
Sensory games with wooden balls and cubes, pyramids, nesting dolls, cups, jars, liners, nesting dolls, bars, water, etc. |
|
Games with dolls and soft toys (feed, dress, comb, bathe, put to sleep, treat): "Shop", "Doctor", "Construction", "Wash dishes", "Talk on the phone", etc. |
|
|
Educational for the development of attention, memory, thinking, etc. |
“Pick up the doors to the houses”, “Who played what?”, “Divide the objects into two groups”, “Find the same objects”, “Remove the extra object”, “What has disappeared?”, “Pick up a patch on the rug”, “Find butterfly its wing”, “What is the difference between objects?”, “What has changed?” etc. |
To make your classes more effective, pay attention to the following points:
- conduct classes with children systematically in the proposed sequence;
- the presented material of each thematic lesson is designed for 2-3 lessons (depending on the age of the children and their individual characteristics). You can divide the material of one lesson into several parts and spend them on different days. Children love to play the same games. So that the little ones can remember the basic games, repeat them in each of these activities;
- you can choose and conduct separate selective games with the children;
- before the start of the lesson, familiarize yourself with the game tasks, think over the lesson plan, prepare the necessary material;
- do not forget about safety! You must be sure that the child does not swallow or put a small object in his nose or ear, fall or hit. If you cannot guarantee the complete safety of this game, do not play it;
- organize the workspace, remove distracting objects;
- at the beginning of the lesson, it is necessary to arouse in children a desire for joint creativity. To do this, it is important to emotionally prepare the kids, create a playful mood with the help of role-playing or outdoor games;
- your speech should be clear, emotionally colored and unhurried;
- it is important that an adult takes a direct part in all the games of children;
- if some children refuse to study, do not impose games on them. Start a class and very soon these kids will want to join you;
- be friendly and respectful to children;
- praise is a great stimulus for the further development of the child. Don't forget about it! Do not focus on the failures of the child, it is better to encourage his successes;
- classes bring more benefits to children if parents repeat at home with their child physical exercises, exercises and other game tasks that they learned in the classroom;
- remember yourself and remind parents more often that no child can grow up happy if mom and dad do not show their love for him. A child at any age, and even more so such a baby, needs to be hugged and kissed.
What should a child know by 2 - 3 years.
Communication with peers:
- develops the ability to play side by side, and by the middle of the year and together with peers;
- the prerequisites for a role-playing game are formed.
Assimilation of social norms of behavior:
- cultural and hygienic skills and self-service skills are brought up;
- arbitrariness of behavior begins to take shape;
- the child is aware of his "I".
Mental development:
- ideas are formed about the relationship between objects, in their similarity and difference;
- selects similar objects, groups them according to a certain attribute.
Development of ideas about the world around:
- can name the objects around him (toys, dishes, clothes, shoes, furniture, vehicles);
- learns to name the color, shape, size of objects, the material from which they are made.
Speech development:
- learns to understand the speech of adults without visual accompaniment;
- independently examines and discusses pictures, books, objects;
- talks about events of interest to him;
- learns to listen to adults, enriching his vocabulary;
- distinctly pronounces sounds, except for some whistling, hissing and sonorous;
- uses prepositions and interrogative words;
- Answers questions, conducts dialogues.
Mathematical representations:
- learns to distinguish between the number of objects (one, two, many);
- denotes in speech the contrasts of objects: large - small, high - low;
- learns to distinguish geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle, ball, cube, brick;
- Oriented in the environment.
Physical development:
- the ability to maintain balance is formed;
- learns to run in one direction, crawl, climb, roll, throw, throw a ball, jump on two legs, slightly moving forward;
- performs general developmental exercises;
- Get used to joint outdoor games.
Drawing:
- learns to depict familiar single objects of a rounded shape;
- thinks about what he drew;
- draws different sticks and lines, crosses them;
- learns how to hold a pencil or brush correctly.
Modeling:
- sculpts from clay and plasticine, breaking off small lumps from a large piece;
- rolls balls, flattens them with a finger or between the palms, rolls out sausages, learns to combine two parts into one object.
Application:
- learns to lay out prepared paper silhouettes of objects on a sheet of paper, apply glue in a thin layer with a brush and then stick the figures.
Valentina Mikhailova
Consultation for parents "Features of the development of young children"
« Features of the development of young children» .
Early age(The second or third year of life, according to experts all over the world, is a unique period in a person's life. So what is its singularity?
The child intensively masters speech, communication, the culture of human thinking. It is important to note, however, that mental development associated with the upbringing of the child and arises exclusively, as scientists say, thanks to early socialization of the baby, i.e. through interaction with the social environment. The mental life of a child begins very early. The kid is copying. Displays in actions and words, in emotional manifestations and deeds the world in which he lives. We can say that we "sculpt" child in his own image and likeness. He will be what his social environment will make him. Conclusion one: spiritually enriched surrounding reality is the main condition for moral and ethical child's personality development.
AT given period the psyche of the child is arranged in such a way that he needs multiple repetitions of the same actions. At the same time, every time he is convinced of his abilities and enjoys the exercise itself. The need for independent action is so great that scientists have called the period of the second year of life age"I myself!". If a child is deprived of this active interaction with the outside world, he will not only begin to defend mentally, but will forever lose the feeling of belonging with it, will lose the desire to comprehend new things. Indifference leads to spiritual laziness. This is how rational grains are lost early human labor development, that should be "sown" already in the second year of life. At that auspicious time. When children nature itself clearly indicates the need for action, and the lack of its satisfaction borders on a crisis in behavior. Dear parents, remember that deprived of independence in actions with objects, the baby begins to act up. Do not obey an adult, protest with all your being. This is how a negative phenomenon manifests itself - children's nervousness.
The emotional life of a small child, his feelings, the first joys and sorrows should be the subject of close attention of adults. Positive emotions. Which a small child experiences, skillfully performing an action, must certainly be encouraged by adults. The kid will experience emotional satisfaction only if he himself performs some actions, and not when adults, believing that he is small and helpless, will do everything for him. You should not demand from the child what he is not able to understand. Frequent prohibitions, punishments for minor pranks lead to the fact that the child becomes withdrawn and aggressive.
Children are sensitive to emotions parents. Don't be surprised if notice: the mother's bad mood was passed on to the child. He will be capricious. Crying, restless. Also reacts to quarrels between parents, on their movements. Tone of voice.
Parenting Classics children.
“To teach a child to delve into the state of mind of other people, to put himself in the place of the offended, and to feel means to give the child all the mental opportunity to be always fair.”
(Ushinsky)
"Children's "Give", even just a silently outstretched hand must someday collide with our "Not", and from these first “I won’t give, I can’t, I don’t allow” depends on the success of a whole and huge section of educational work.
(Korchak)
“First impressions have a powerful effect on the young soul: all further development done under their direct influence.
(Belinsky)
“You can’t rudely invade the spiritual organization of the child. give him develop freely, and he himself will be able to choose what is available and interesting to him.
(Conradi)
“The best means in the matter of education is to let some good feeling manifest in the soul of a child.”
(Shatsky)
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Advice for parents of young children "Children love nursery rhymes!".
Smirnova Maria Borisovna, teacher of MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 393, Chelyabinsk".Target: convey to parents the importance of using small folklore forms.
Tasks:
- To acquaint parents with the value of nursery rhymes for the full development of children.
- Give recommendations on the use of small folklore forms.
- Give examples of nursery rhymes for use in everyday life.
Description: The material is intended for parents of children 2-3 years old.
Purpose: for registration of a parental corner, for oral consultation of the educator.
At an early age, the main areas of interaction between an adult and a child are speech development and emotional response. Children begin to explore the world, learn to fully communicate, learn the norms of correct behavior. To help children in this is the main responsibility of parents and teachers; adults who surround children and whom babies trust.
From ancient times, folklore comes to the aid of the Russian people. Folklore is folk art, which is created collectively by the people and reflects their centuries-old experience, the wisdom of generations, principles and ideals. The most effective way to transfer the accumulated knowledge to young children is small folklore forms - nursery rhymes, jokes, fairy tales, folk songs, lullabies, rhymes, proverbs, sayings, ditties, riddles ... The importance of small folklore forms cannot be overestimated - the regular use of nursery rhymes and jokes in everyday life child not only pleases the baby, creates an emotional connection between an adult and a child, but also develops him, instilling in an accessible form the basics of independent life behavior.
Children love fun! And it is not just words. Small forms of folklore are the first works of art that a child hears and which develop him. Starting from the first year of life, the baby emotionally responds to the affectionate words of the mother addressed to him. Growing up, the child easily remembers frequently repeated words from folk art, and when he hears them, he smiles happily and begins to babble happily. The use of small folklore forms allows children to quickly master speech, develop the child's speech hearing, helps to master the intonational side of speech, voice smoothness and expressiveness, teaches to catch the rise and fall of the voice, enriches the vocabulary.
The value of nursery rhymes is determined by several factors: they can be combined with movements, they have a certain rhythm and emotionality, and in a playful way they teach children to learn about life. Nursery rhymes are of great importance for educating children of early age of friendliness, the ability to empathize. The combination of all the above factors allows the child to feel the essence of the nursery rhyme and learn to emotionally express their emotions: sadness, joy, tenderness, anxiety. One of the driving forces behind a child's development is the power of example. Rhymes stimulate children to imitate, lay the foundations for correct behavior. For more effective perception of nursery rhymes by children, they should be read in an affectionate, expressive voice, accompanying the words with appropriate movements and facial expressions. It is important to remember that the use of nursery rhymes will be effective only if the child is ready to accept them, in the absence of signs of fatigue.
Small children still do not know how to talk about their feelings, they cannot say what they do not like, as a result of which, the child lets us understand this in a way that is accessible to him - by crying, screaming. A distinctive feature of young children is that attention easily switches from one object to another. One of the ways to cope with children's whims and tantrums is to distract the child, switch his attention to something else. And this will help us with nursery rhymes and game situations:
"Knock-knock, look at the gate -
Surely someone is coming to visit!
The whole family is going
The pig is ahead
And the duck is chasing after her!
Behind the wolf is walking with the she-wolf!
The cat and the dog were surprised -
They even reconciled!”
(This nursery rhyme should be accompanied by actions: tapping, hand movements, and emotional speech).
"Ouch! Who is it?"
(The game situation is designed to distract the child from the subject of whim. You should emotionally exclaim “Oh! Who is this?”, Directing the child’s attention in a different direction, and then support the child’s attention, enticing the story about the subject of consideration: “Look, what a big beautiful dog! She so interesting runs, plays! Do you like the dog?").
It is very important for full development that children receive proper, balanced nutrition, however, young children often do not like healthy foods. To help them in a playful way to fall in love with healthy food, nursery rhymes will also help:
"Clever, Katya!
Eat sweet porridge!
Delicious, fluffy
Soft, fragrant!
(Toddlers respond emotionally faster if their own name is used.)
"Let's put it on a spoon:
Cabbage, potatoes.
And hide! Try to find!
Not visible on the spoon:
Cabbage, potatoes.
And not on the plate, look!
(Reading nursery rhymes should be accompanied by emotionality in speech and focusing children's attention on the absence of food in a spoon and plate).
Nursery rhymes come to the rescue in regime moments when you need to wash your face, wash your hands, comb your hair:
"Ay, alright, alright, alright!
We are not afraid of water!
We wash clean
We smile at each other!
"My, my, my hands are clean,
So as not to become a chimney sweep!
"Grow, braid, to the waist,
Don't shed a hair...
Grow, braid, to toe,
All hairs in a row.
When laying children down for a daytime sleep, it is necessary to awaken in them the desire to go to rest, calm them down, create a feeling of comfort:
"From Toptushkino station,
To the bed station,
We need to get there soon!
And get some sleep!
At Vstavaikino station
Wake up - go out yourself!
And you will run to Igraikino,
To friends and miracles!
Well, until they arrived
To the station - Bed!
"Bye, bye, bye, bye...
Doggy, don't bark...
And do not buzz in the horn,
Don't wake our children..."
It is very important that children wake up in a good mood:
"Pull-pull!
From toes to toes!
We'll stretch, we'll stretch
Let's not be small!"
A significant role is played by nursery rhymes in helping to dress children for a walk:
“Olya put on a mitten,
Oh, where am I doing my finger?
I don't have a finger, I'm gone
Didn't make it to my house.
Olya took off her mitten -
Look, I found it!
Seek, seek, and you will find!
Hello finger! How is it going?"
Nursery rhymes have not only a developing effect, but also create a favorable climate, give the child a sense of self-worth:
"Who's good with us?
Who is handsome?
Sasha is good!
Sashenka is handsome!
The regular use of small folklore forms in the daily life of a child, the relationship of parents with a preschool institution, will lay a high-quality foundation for the psychophysiological development of children and prepare them for an independent and successful life!