What vaccinations to give a child. Mandatory vaccinations for children

Doctors and parents have been arguing about whether children should be vaccinated for a long time. Naturally, for the former, the main argument is the fact that vaccination makes it possible to provide the child's body to a greater or lesser extent with protection from various infectious diseases... But the latter, that is, parents, oppose vaccination, relying on the terrible statistics that exist in the world and indicate such difficult side effects from vaccinations as infant mortality. In any case, it is up to the parents to decide whether to vaccinate their child or not, but today doctors are sounding the alarm, because the number of refusals from compulsory vaccination is growing every year.

Why is the vaccine needed?

In fact, vaccinations or vaccinations are the introduction of antigenic material into the child's body, the purpose of which is to form immunity to a particular disease. It is this developed immunity that should either prevent the infection of the child with the disease, or, if the infection has already occurred, then weaken to some extent its consequences.

Vaccination schedule

Now, with regard to the compulsory vaccinations that should be carried out for all children. They are divided into certain groups, and their conduct depends on the age of the child. On the first day of life of every child, vaccination against hepatitis B is compulsory, but after 3-6 days of life, he is given another vaccination against tuberculosis. Further, according to the calendar, at 1 month the child receives another vaccination against hepatitis B. At 3, 4 and 5 months, children must be vaccinated against three infections at once: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection. At 6 months, the child receives another vaccine against hepatitis B, and exactly a year, according to the plan, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are provided. The child receives the last DPT vaccination, as well as the vaccination against poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection, at the age of 18 months, and then, at the age of 6, the next vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, measles, poliomyelitis and mumps is carried out.

As you can see, basic vaccinations are carried out for children under 18 months, however, if all parents must have basic information about their implementation. For example, the interval between vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps should be at least a month, but vaccinations against diphtheria, poliomyelitis, influenza and hepatitis B should be given no earlier than 6 months after the last one.

When vaccinations are not allowed

It is also very important to remember about those cases when mandatory vaccinations for children are temporarily contraindicated. Doctors include such contraindications:

With age, the fear of injections disappears in almost everyone, but despite this, the number of vaccinated adults does not increase - the vast majority of us do not undergo compulsory vaccination against the most dangerous diseases.

It is clear that the time is own health not enough for everyone and always. Running into the clinic for one injection seems like a whole problem. But in recent times the state takes care of our health. Free hepatitis vaccines are delivered to every polyclinic, and any adult can get his dose of health out of the queue and hassle. Particular care is shown in relation to young girls - potential mothers, direct incarnations of the president's demographic appeal. In general, any adult has at least nine reasons to visit the clinic.

Measles, mumps, rubella
These infections are dangerous for those who did not get sick with them in childhood or did not receive timely protection. Extreme age vaccinated - 25 years. Rubella is considered especially dangerous for pregnant women, as it can cause congenital malformations or childhood cerebral paralysis in a fetus that has just begun to grow in the womb. But mumps, or mumps, "hits" "on men, in particular on their reproductive function.

Diphtheria, tetanus
These are fatal diseases, immunity from which we are vaccinated in childhood. However, growing up, few people remember the need to maintain protection every 10 years. This is how long the vaccine lasts.

Tetanus settles in the soil. Dwells all over the world. As soon as the tetanus bacillus spores get into the wound, bacteria begin to multiply and destroy the body from the inside. And she already knows what to profit from! As a result of its activity, you are guaranteed damage to the nervous system, convulsions, dynamically developing heart paralysis, spasm of the respiratory muscles. Tourists are considered the main victims of tetanus. Any traveler who has perked up skiing in hot countries, where infections are especially comfortable, is simply obliged to update his "antivirus", otherwise the rest may end more than sadly.

The situation is similar with diphtheria. The causative agent of the disease is diphtheria toxin. This is a severe infection that causes tissue destruction in the infected area - usually the nose or mouth. The introduction of toxoids every 10 years provides absolute protection against contamination. "Universal" vaccines are successfully used, which "with one injection" protect both against diphtheria and tetanus, as well as against whooping cough and hepatitis B.

Hepatitis A
Jaundice is a disease of dirty hands. It is highly contagious and dangerous. Disguised as the usual food poisoning, it can exacerbate liver disease and even damage the liver if you already have hepatitis C or another chronic liver disease. To develop stable immunity, you need to come for the vaccination twice, but you can forget about hepatitis A for 15-20 years.

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is no better than AIDS, doctors are sure. But only if there is no cure for AIDS, then everyone can protect themselves from hepatitis B: three injections a month between the first and second and three months between the second and third. Only one thing is required of us - to carve out 5 minutes for each of the visits to the doctor. Particular attention should be paid to vaccination for those who have household or sexual contact with infected with hepatitis B, use or have used drugs, often change sexual partners. The virus is transmitted through blood, so the vaccine is useful for those who receive frequent blood transfusions. However, none of us is immune from hepatitis B - it can be caught even in a manicure or dental office, so it is better to always be ready to face the virus.

Pneumococcal infection
60% of acute respiratory infections and 20% of cases of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are actually caused not by viruses, but by pneumococcus. Typically, this bacterium settles in the nasopharynx or affects the lungs, causing severe pneumonia. Otitis media, pharyngitis, arthritis, sepsis are also her work. If you fail several times during the winter with symptoms of acute respiratory infections, this is one of the bells that it is time for you to get vaccinated against pneumococcus. In general, this disease chooses weaker victims - those who have reduced immunity. This is why the ability to resist infection is reduced in people suffering from chronic diseases, alcohol and tobacco abusers and those over 65. One injection is enough for 5 years.

Meningococcal infection
Meningococcus can cause pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, iridocyclitis. but it has the most destructive effect on the brain, it is not for nothing that all those who like to flaunt without a hat in winter are called "friends of meningitis." True, meningitis has nothing to do with caps, since it is transmitted by airborne droplets. You can avoid it by getting vaccinated every 3-5 years.

Polio
Childhood disease, however, adults can also pick it up. Especially if they work in health care or with children. It is advisable for "unvaccinated" parents to give themselves and their child a preventive polio injection at the same time.

Human papillomavirus
Vaccine against cervical cancer. Accordingly, the need for it arises only in women. It is best to introduce it in adolescence - from the age of nine, when sex life not started yet. However, there are no contraindications for injections for adult women. But vaccinating women over 45 is even encouraged - at this age, immunity decreases, and the virus that is dormant in your body can become active.

Everything necessary vaccinations for human health do us in childhood. Many people agree with this statement, but, oddly enough, they are wrong. So, how many vaccines does each of us need to protect our health from common and dangerous diseases?

Human papillomavirus vaccinations

One of the most important discoveries of recent times in the field of medicine is the development of a vaccine for the human papillomavirus. In fact, this vaccine protects against cervical cancer caused by certain types papillomavirus. In some states in the United States, these necessary vaccinations have already become part of the national calendar school vaccinations.

Vaccination is recommended for adolescent girls before sexual intercourse. At this time, human papillomavirus infection has not yet occurred. However, the vaccination can also be given to adult women, because at the age of over 45, a decrease in immunity is observed, and a virus that has not previously manifested itself is capable of activating. The duration of such vaccination is unlimited, but at present, experts say only a five-year persistent immunity to the human papillomavirus, which causes cancer of the vulva and cervix.

In our country, this vaccine became available not so long ago, however, doctors urge women and their teenage daughters over 11 years of age to be vaccinated. It is also suitable for boys, as it is believed that human papillomavirus can also cause laryngeal cancer. You can get the virus during oral sex.

Hepatitis B

This is another important cancer vaccine for human health. It protects against liver cancer, since one of the causes of this disease is precisely the hepatitis B virus. It can only be transmitted through blood, most often during its transfusion. In addition, you can get infected at runtime. trim manicure, reception at the dentist, love pleasures through microcracks on the mucous membranes and on the skin.

These necessary vaccinations are given for 4-6 months in three stages. Immunity to the disease is formed for at least 9-12 years. Currently, experts are discussing when it is necessary to carry out revaccination, which is especially needed by people with weakened health. If you do not remember if you were vaccinated, you can have a blood test for antibodies to hepatitis B.

Hepatitis A

Dirty hands disease, or jaundice, is also worth vaccinating. This virus is highly contagious. Hepatitis A is dangerous to human health, namely, to his liver. If the disease proceeds secretly and disguises itself as ordinary poisoning food, the patient does not receive the necessary this case treatment. In many countries, hepatitis A vaccination is widespread. Vaccination will not be superfluous for the inhabitants of our country. Thanks to the two doses introduced within six months, it is possible to form a stable immunity to the disease for 15-20 years.

Pneumococcal infection

If you are asked to get the flu vaccine with your flu shot pneumococcal infection, do not refuse. Few people know that about 60% of ARVI is caused not by viruses, but by pneumococci. This bacterium is able to settle in the human nasopharynx and lead to the development of pneumonia, otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, as well as arthritis and sepsis. About one in five exacerbations of chronic bronchitis occurs precisely through the fault of pneumococci. They are dangerous in that there are not many antibiotics that are able to neutralize it.

The necessary vaccinations have been developed for a long time, but few people know about them. Vaccination, as a rule, is carried out according to indications, when chronic diseases... However, it will not harm both those who usually catch colds several times during the winter, and smokers who have low local immunity. The vaccine is given every five years.

Meningococcal infection

Infection with meningococci occurs by airborne droplets. If bacteria enter the human brain, meningitis develops. Other forms of this disease include inflammation of the lungs, joints (arthritis), the inner lining of the heart (endocarditis), and the iris of the eye (iridocyclitis). At the same time, one dose of the vaccine is enough to preserve human health, which will provide protection for 3-5 years. In addition, you need to know that vaccination against meningococcal infection is mandatory for those planning a trip to Saudi Arabia.

Tick-borne encephalitis

In order not to avoid walking in nature, it is better to get vaccinated and not pay attention to news bulletins about mass tick infestations for at least three years. Two doses of the vaccine are given one month apart, and the third is given after 9-12 months. They are able to provide persistent immunity to tick-borne encephalitis. In addition, those who are going to travel in the spring or summer to the Czech Republic, Austria, Vietnam, Germany, especially need vaccinations.

Tetanus and diphtheria

Vaccines help protect against these deadly dangerous diseases... Their validity period is calculated for 10 years, after the vaccination must be repeated, and as soon as possible, if you have already crossed the threshold of 40 years. After all, it is from this age that people are most vulnerable to diphtheria, transmitted by airborne droplets. And the bacteria that cause tetanus are everywhere. If the soil with tetanus bacillus spores gets into a wound on the human body, then the toxin of one of the most powerful bacteria on Earth will begin a destructive effect. As a result, paralysis of the heart and spasms of the respiratory muscles can quickly develop. Vaccinations against these diseases should be carried out every 10 years. In our country, the last compulsory vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is given at the age of 14-15, so the vaccine can be administered again at the age of 25.