59.946389 , 30.396389

Smolny Institute noble maidens
Former name	Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens
Year of foundation	1764
Location	St. Petersburg

In 1765, at the institute, originally established as a closed privileged educational institution for the daughters of the noble nobility, a department was opened “for petty-bourgeois girls” (non-noble estates, except for serfs). The building for the Meshchansky School was erected by the architect Y. Felten.

Further history

In 1806, a special building was built for the institute, designed by the architect Giacomo Quarenghi.

In 1848, a two-year pedagogical class was opened at the institute for the training of female teachers, and the petty-bourgeois department was transformed into the St. Petersburg Alexander School (since 1891 - the Alexander Institute).

After 1917

In October 1917, the institute, headed by Princess V. V. Golitsyna, moved to Novocherkassk.

The last Russian issue took place in February 1919 in Novocherkassk. Already in the summer of 1919, the institute left Russia and continued to work in Serbia.

Education at the institute

Pupils of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens at a dance lesson (1889)

The Smolny Institute accepted the daughters of persons of rank no lower than a colonel and a real state adviser at public expense and the daughters of hereditary nobles for an annual fee, and prepared them for the court and secular life. The program included teaching Russian literature, geography, arithmetic, history, foreign languages, music, dance, drawing, secular manners, various types home economics, etc.

Initially, pupils started school at the age of 6 and finished at the age of 18. Then the training period was reduced to 9 years (from 9 years of age).

In 1859-1862, the institute's class inspector was K. D. Ushinsky, who carried out a number of progressive transformations in it (a new seven-year curriculum with a large number hours allotted for the Russian language, geography, history, natural science, etc.). After Ushinsky's forced departure from the institute, all of its major transformations were eliminated.

Code for the best graduates of the Smolny Institute

Pupils of the institute were required to wear special uniform dresses of a certain color: in younger age- coffee, in the second - dark blue, in the third - blue and at an older age - white. Brown color symbolized closeness to the earth and was practical, especially for younger children. More light colors symbolized increasing education and accuracy.

The emperor and members of his family attended the final public examination of the Smolensk women. At the end of the institute, the six best graduates received a "cipher" - a gold monogram in the form of the initial of Empress Catherine II, which was worn on a white bow with gold stripes.

Some pupils of the institute became ladies-in-waiting of the court.

The training course of the institute was equated to the course of women's gymnasiums.

Heads of the Institute for Noble Maidens

• 1764 Anna Sergeevna Dolgorukaya
• 1895-1917(?) Elena Aleksandrovna Lieven

Pupils of the Institute for Noble Maidens

see also

Notes

Literature

• Cherepnin N. P. Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens. Historical outline. 1764-1914. Vol. 3 [Here are the lists of pupils]. Petrograd, 1915.
• Lyadov V. N. Historical sketch of the centenary life of the Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens and the St. Petersburg Alexander School. - St. Petersburg, 1864
• Likhacheva E. O. Materials for the history of women's education in Russia. [T. 1-4]. - St. Petersburg, 1890-1901
• Bykova V.P. Notes of an old smolyanka. Part 1. 1833-1878. - St. Petersburg. , 1898.
• Uglichaninova M.S. Memoirs of a student of the Smolny Monastery in the 1940s. - [M.], 1901
• Mordvinova 3. E. State lady M. P. Leontiev. - St. Petersburg, 1902
• Cherepnin N. P. Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens. T. 1-3. - St. Petersburg-Pg., 1914-1915
• Vodovozova E. N. At the dawn of life, vol. 1. - M., 1964.
• Ozerskaya F.S. Women's education // Essays on the history of the school and the pedagogical thought of the peoples of the USSR in the XVIII - first half. 19th century - M., 1973.

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

The Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens became the first women's educational institution in Russia, and its opening marked the beginning of an era of reforms in the field of education. Not the last role in this was played by Ivan Betskoy - the president of the Academy of Arts, the trustee of the Smolny Institute and the Moscow Orphanage, the head of the Land Gentry Corps. It was according to his project that the Educational Society for Noble Maidens was created in 1764, and then Russian Empire Decree "On the education of noble maidens in St. Petersburg at the Resurrection Monastery" was sent out. The charter and the staff of "this Educational Society" were attached to the decree.

From coffee to white

In many ways, the Smolny Institute was similar to modern schools. Girls from noble families were admitted there from the age of six, and the training lasted 12 years and was divided into four "ages" of three years. Depending on the age of the student"tars" had to wear uniform dresses: juniors - coffee color, from 9 to 12 years old - blue, from 12 to 15 years old - blue and from 15 to 18 years old - white color. The six best graduates were awarded a distinctive sign - a gold monogram with the empress's initials.

At the same time, about 200 girls were trained at the institute. In 1765, an educational institution for girls of other classes (except serfs) was opened at the Smolny Institute, where it was possible to receive general education according to a simplified program and learn the basics of home economics.

Employment Guaranteed

Girls from noble families after graduation received service at court, some became ladies-in-waiting. It was aimed at this educational program institutions, compiled with the participation of Ivan Betsky. Here they studied the Law of God, three foreign languages, arithmetic, drawing, history, geography, literature, dances, music, secular manners, needlework and housekeeping. Particular emphasis was placed on foreign languages ​​and the Law of God, and graduates were required to know the “rules good upbringing, good manners, secular manners and courtesy. The institute staff included 29 teachers: Russian, foreign languages, drawing, vocal and instrumental music, history, geography, heraldry and architecture, two dance masters.

The charter of the institute was strict - the girls lived according to a clear daily routine, and they could only see their relatives on weekends and holidays and only in the presence of the boss. The girl did not have the right to leave the institution before the age of 18 at her own request or at the request of her family.

The institute was located in a monastery until early XIX century, until a special building was built nearby. Photo: AiF / Ekaterina Stekolshchikova

Many graduates remained at the institute and worked as class ladies - for them, as a reward for many years of work, honorary signs were provided: an orange bow "For Labor" and a silver and enamel "Sign of Institutions of the Office of Empress Maria Feodorovna". Girls who were brought up in the petty-bourgeois department of the institute could later count on the position of governesses.

Imperial reform

Changes in the charter of the institute began after the death of Catherine. Paul I entrusted his wife Maria Fedorovna with the leadership of all charitable and women's educational institutions in Russia. She subsequently ran the institute for 32 years and changed a lot. Under Maria Fedorovna, an hourly schedule of teaching each subject appeared, and the entire course of study was reduced from 12 to 9 years. There were only three "ages" left, and each was divided into three parallel groups: for excellent students, "average students" and underachievers. Each lesson at the institute lasted two hours. Twice a year, "Smolyanka" took intermediate exams, and at the end of the year they had a final exam.

Girls began to be admitted to the institute with more late age- at the age of 8-9, and petty-bourgeois women were accepted at all from 11-12, since their program was limited to six years of study. With the advent of Maria Feodorovna, girls began to be prepared more as wives than maids of honor, therefore, instead of the book “On the Positions of a Man and a Citizen”, which was read in Catherine's time, they began to read “My Daughter's Father's Advice”. Almost all the innovations of Maria Fedorovna existed at the institute until its closure in 1917.

new breed

Education, of course, was not the only goal of the Smolny Institute. Establishing this institution, Catherine made sure that the charter included not only professional requirements to teachers and the "Smolyanka" themselves, but also the rules of conduct, treatment of each other. Physical punishment were strictly forbidden at the institute, and all employees of the institution were obliged not only to transfer knowledge to the pupils, but also to set an example for them to follow.

In the famous portraits of Levitsky, the "Smolyanka" are modest and cheerful - as it should be according to the charter of the institute. Photo: Creative Commons

“The charter urgently demanded that children always look cheerful, cheerful, contented and “free actions of the soul.” Therefore, it was instructed not to make objects of boredom, grief and disgust out of the sciences, and to facilitate the assimilation of knowledge by all means, while paying attention to the degree of development and abilities of each girl individually, - wrote Zinaida Mordvinova in 1914 in his historical essay "Smolny Institute in the Era of Catherine II". - As for the education system, the charter gives instructions to the educators themselves, starting with the boss. In dealing with children, the following are required: "meekness, decency, courtesy, prudence, justice, and also unfeigned cheerfulness and lack of unnecessary importance in addressing."

Shame in front of the whole class served as a means of correcting the guilty, “so that the shame of one would always serve to refrain others from such acts.” But this measure was applied only in very important cases, which included the slightest violation of decency during prayer or during church services. “Obviously, the question here is not only about secular manners, but about developing that cultural type that would carry out its state task: create a new breed of people,” writes Mordvinova.

Hall of Fame

Over the 153 years of the existence of the Smolny Institute, 85 graduations have passed through it. Of course, among the hundreds of noble graduates there were those whose names remained in history. One of the last to enter the Institute of Noble Maidens in 1914 was Baroness Maria Budberg, the beloved of Maxim Gorky and the heroine of Nina Berberova's book The Iron Woman. In 1911, Nina Komarova graduated from the institute - the future poetess Nina Khabias, a student of Alexei Kruchenykh and one of the first futurists.

Karl Bulla in 1917 photographed the last pupils of the Smolny Institute. Photo: Creative Commons

In 1900, one of the graduates was Maria Dobrolyubova, a teacher, sister of mercy, revolutionary and sister of the poet Alexander Dobrolyubov. At the age of 26, she committed suicide, unable to find the strength to commit a terrorist attack organized by the Social Revolutionaries. In 1895, a graduate of Smolny was Ksenia Erdeli - harpist, composer, teacher, People's Artist of the USSR and the founder of Soviet school harp performances. In 1891, the daughter of King Nikola I of Montenegro and his wife Milena Vukotic, Princess Elena of Montenegro graduated from the Institute, who, married to Victor Emmanuel III, became the Queen of Italy and Albania, Empress of Ethiopia. Her sisters, Grand Duchess Milica Nikolaevna, Zorka Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna, also studied here.

In 1848, Elena Burman graduated from the institute (married - Molokhovets) - the author of the book "A Gift to Young Housewives, or a Means to Reduce Costs in household"(1861) and a classic of Russian culinary literature. Even earlier, Elena Poltavtseva studied here - future wife General Dmitry Skobelev and mother of General Mikhail Skobelev, head of infirmaries during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of Anna Kern, the beloved of the composer Mikhail Glinka and the mother of academician Yuli Shokalsky, was also a graduate of Smolny.

Publications in the Traditions section

History of the Smolny Institute

And the history of women's education in Russia is inextricably linked with the name of Empress Catherine the Great. Kultura.RF tells how the Institute of Noble Maidens appeared and how its emergence affected the lives of Russian women.

Educated women and useful members of society

Smolny Institute. 1800s Photo: pressa.tv

Smolny Institute. 1917. Photo: petrograd1917.ru

Smolny Institute. 1940s. Photo: istpravda

European culture, which began to take hold in our country from the end of the 18th century, brought many innovations into the life of a Russian person. Under Peter I, schools for girls began to appear. This was the first step in the development of women's education in Russia. But the real breakthrough in this area was the initiative of Catherine the Great, under which noble maidens were founded in St. Petersburg. The first institution of higher education for women in Russia opened on May 16, 1764.

The creation of the Institute was initiated by one of those close to the Empress - Ivan Betskoy, a public figure, educator, an employee of the State Chancellery. He was educated in Europe, supported Catherine in her efforts to inculcate habits of Western life in her compatriots, and highly appreciated the role of women in the development of society. Betskoy believed that "boys of both sexes" should be brought up in equal conditions.

When founded, the Smolny Institute was called the Educational Society for Noble Maidens. His idea was written in official document: "to give the state educated women, good mothers, useful members of the family and society." Ekaterina herself actively participated in the life of the institution: she invested great amount money, she often came to the institute, where she had long conversations with cool ladies, talked with pupils and corresponded with managers, being interested in all the successes and difficulties. The Empress wanted the graduates of Smolny to become an example for all women in the country. According to her plan, the girls were to receive a good education to develop culturally and morally.

The Smolny Institute accepted girls from well-born, but not rich families. They were both from Russia and from other countries - the daughters of Georgian princes, an aristocrat from Sweden. The training lasted 12 years. During this time, the students could not leave the institution either at will or at the request of the guardians. Girls were admitted to Smolny from the age of six, and the training program included three classes - each of them lasted four years. The relatives of the pupils drew up a receipt in which they agreed to give the child for 12 years without the possibility of meetings and trips outside the institution. So the empress was going to protect the pupils from the influence of the environment in which they grew up before entering the institute.

It was not easy to get into Smolny: potential students had to pass exams in Russian and French and also have a good religious education. But the most important criterion by which many applicants were eliminated is the origin.

“By no means make subjects of boredom out of the sciences”

Music lesson. Photo: opeterburge.ru

Drawing lesson. Photo: opeterburge.ru

Needlework lesson. Photo: opeterburge.ru

In Smolny, girls were taught many sciences. The schedule included arithmetic, literacy, three foreign languages, religious studies, etiquette, culinary arts, drawing, music, vocals, geography, history and other subjects. However, many of them girls studied very superficially. For example, at cooking lessons, pupils of the Smolny Institute learned how to fry cutlets from minced meat. History was studied from a single textbook and often jumped over topics.

The main emphasis in the study was on the rules of behavior in society and the word of God. It was believed that the pupil of this institution, that is, the future maid of honor or a young lady serving at court, should be able to keep up the conversation about religion and behave in society with restraint and grace.

Gymnastics. Photo: nrfmir.ru

On the rink. Photo: birdinflight.com

Gymnastics. Photo: birdinflight.com

The physical condition of the girls was also given attention. Lungs sports exercises they worked out several times a week. Support slim figure the diet helped: the food was scarce, and sometimes simply of poor quality. Many graduates wrote in their memoirs that eating at the institute was one of their worst memories.

The temperature in the students' bedrooms did not rise above 16 degrees. They went to bed early and got up early, slept on hard beds, washed ice water from the Neva. All this was to temper the girls.

Bedrooms of the Smolny Institute. Photo: birdinflight.com

Canteen of the Smolny Institute. Photo: birdinflight.com

Washroom of the Smolny Institute. Photo: birdinflight.com

“The charter urgently demanded that children always look cheerful, cheerful, contented and “free actions of the soul.” Therefore, it was instructed not to make objects of boredom, grief and disgust out of the sciences, and to facilitate the assimilation of knowledge by all means, while paying attention to the degree of development and ability of each girl individually.

Rules of conduct for noble maidens

Smolny Institute teachers. Photo: birdinflight.com

Teachers of the Smolny Institute and their students. Photo: birdinflight.com

The charter of the Institute of Noble Maidens spelled out in detail the rules of conduct. It was discussed how the teachers should treat the Smolensk girls and how the pupils should communicate with each other.

More than 20 teachers worked at the institute - they were highly qualified teachers. It is noteworthy that they were all unmarried ladies and usually older than 40. Corporal punishment at the Smolny Institute was strictly prohibited, but the teachers did not hesitate to shout at the guilty pupils. Violation of order in the institute was considered "bad behavior", and naughty girls called "moveshki" ("mauvaise" - bad). There was another term - "parfettes" (distorted French "parfaite" - perfect). So they teased the students who never broke the rules and behaved perfectly.

All "Smolyanka" were supposed to be a model of modesty. They wore same clothes and hairstyles - smoothly combed braids. Uniform dresses were different colors, the approximate age of the student was easily determined from them. The smallest girls wore coffee-colored dresses, so they were called "coffee-makers", girls from 9 to 12 years old - blue, from 12 to 15 years old - blue, and the oldest - white. None fashionable accessories were not allowed. All this was due to the general atmosphere in the institution, where simplicity and monotony reigned, and discipline and order were valued above all else.

Despite strict rules and the inability to see the family, the girls were not kept locked up. all year round. They were taken to theatrical performances, art exhibitions, holidays at the court. Smolyanka women were taught to love the beautiful and understand the cultural innovations of that time.

Code of the Smolny Institute. Photo: calend.ru

Sign of the Institutions of the Office of Maria Feodorovna. Photo: auction-imperia.ru

Employment after graduating from Smolny was practically guaranteed. Many girls remained at the Institute for Noble Maidens after their studies and worked either as teachers or class ladies. For many years of work, they were awarded badges of honor: an orange bow "For Labor" and a silver with enamel "Sign of the Institutions of the Office of Maria Feodorovna." Some pupils of the Smolny Institute after graduation could become governesses.

The Smolny Institute has existed for more than a century and a half. During this time there were 85 issues. Many of the tars became famous. Shortly before the closure of the institute, Maxim Gorky's lover, Maria Budberg, entered there. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Nina Habias graduated from the institute, who later became a futurist poetess. In 1900, Maria Dobrolyubova, a poetess and revolutionary, the sister of the poet Alexander Dobrolyubov, graduated.

The Institute for Noble Maidens was a big step in the development of women's education in Russia. On the basis of this institute, other educational institutions for women began to appear throughout the country.

It ended with a visit to the Smolny Institute, where the city government is currently located.

They took us along the corridors, accompanied by a security guard - a policeman, they showed us only a few rooms, and for some reason they were not even allowed to take pictures in the corridor, where a gallery of portraits of all St. Petersburg governors was arranged.

A little about the institute and the system of education in it.

Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens - the first women's educational institution in Russia closed type for the nobility, which laid the foundation for women's education.

It was founded on the initiative of I.I. Betsky in accordance with the decree of Catherine II of May 5, 1764 and was originally located in the cells of the Resurrection Smolny Monastery.
But then, due to the increase in the number of pupils, it was decided to build a new building and in 1809, according to the project of D. Quarenghi, it was built (then without Ilyich in front of the facade)

The charter of the society was written by I.I. Betskaya, based on her own pedagogical views, formed under the influence of Western European educational philosophy, which Catherine II also sympathized with.

It established a complete regulation of his activities: rules on education, teaching and prayers; food and uniforms, holiday meetings, the position of the head and ruler, the position of the trustees, which should be four senators.

The educational society was originally designed for the maintenance of 200 girls of a noble rank.

Girls were accepted at the age of 4 to 6 years, the training lasted 12 years and was divided into 4 "ages" of 3 years each.
The first admission of girls aged 4 to 6 took place in August 1764.

Here are the famous images of one of the first "smolyanka" Dm. Levitsky

Life in the institution was distinguished by simplicity and rigor.

Girls were taught the Law of God, Russian and foreign languages, arithmetic, drawing, dancing, music and needlework. At the 2nd age, history and geography were added, at the 3rd - verbal sciences, sculpture, architecture, heraldry, physics, and turning.
Pupils of the last age were assigned in turn to junior class for practical acquaintance with the methods of education and training. Lessons went from 7 to 11 and from 12 to 14 hours, classes alternated with exercise, daily walks, games on fresh air or in the halls.

Pupils studied all year round, holidays were not provided. Examinations were held every three years.
The table was simple and healthy, consisting mainly of meat and vegetables; They only drank milk and water. Pupils were required to wear special uniform dresses of a certain color: at a younger age - coffee, at the 2nd - blue, at the 3rd - gray and at an older age - white (according to legend, Catherine II painted the style of the dress).

Cool ladies were obliged to act with prudence and meekness with pupils. Punishments were ordered to be avoided, only "exhortations" of the guilty were allowed.
According to the first charter, parents visited their daughters only on appointed days with the permission of the boss - the institution was supposed to completely replace the family.

The usual payment for the maintenance of pupils was 300 rubles a year, but for individual pupils they paid much more, and these funds went to educate the poor. More than half of the girls studied at the expense of benefactors. The boarders of the empress wore green dresses, and the boarders of private individuals wore a ribbon around their necks, in the color chosen by the benefactor.

Changes in the lives of the pupils began in 1859, when, at the direction of Empress Maria Feodorovna, the inspector of both educational institutions(Institute for Noble Maidens and the petty-bourgeois Alexander School), an outstanding teacher K.D. Ushinsky was appointed.

He made changes in the curricula and, most importantly, vacations were established, since the long-term upbringing of girls in isolation from the family adversely affected their future life.

Now let's walk through the building.
A small museum has been organized in Smolny, where what is left of the historical interior is collected.


Handicraft box on a genuine table

This is what the handicraft class looked like

Some of the library books

Musical instruments that pupils learned to play


Harp lesson

This is what the students and teachers looked like on the layout

But as in old photos

Next, we went to the famous dance White Hall, where the most solemn institute balls were held. They were attended by members of the Imperial family.


This is what the dance class looked like in the ballroom

During the revolution, when the headquarters of the Bolsheviks settled in Smolny, the interior of the White Hall underwent changes, though not immediately.
The first performance of V.I. Lenin in October 1917 took place in the White Hall in the old interior,

and then architectural surpluses were removed


The stucco panels of the air ducts were removed,


windows covered with sculptures of angels


Only the lamps have been preserved in the most incomprehensible way.


Currently, the White Hall has been restored the way D. Quarenghi intended it.
Further, our path lay in the apartments of V.I. Lenin and N.K. Krupskaya, located in the former dwelling of one of the cool ladies.
We were shown only their apartment, and the famous office with green table lamp where Ilyich received walkers - for some reason not.

The room is small, the bedroom is fenced off with a plywood partition, it was inconvenient to shoot - it was a bit crowded, but everything remained authentic from those very times, right down to the floor.

Now, just a little bit about the fate of the pupils of the institute, who, by the will of the revolution, found themselves in its headquarters.
Here are the graduates of 1917

How their fate scattered them, little is known.
But the remaining students, by revolutionary standards, were very lucky, because in October 1917 the pupils of the institute under the guidance of Prince. V. V. Golitsyna went to Novocherkassk, where in February 1919 the latest release.
In the summer of the same year, the teachers and the remaining pupils left Russia along with the White Army, and the institute was resumed in Serbia.

Situated St. Petersburg, Smolny proezd, building 1 Project author J. Quarenghi Construction 1790s - Status State Excellent at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates : 59°56′47″ N. sh. 30°23′47″ E d. /  59.946389° N sh. 30.396389° E d.(G)59.946389 , 30.396389

Smolny Institute- a building in St. Petersburg, a monument of history and architecture, the residence of the governor of St. Petersburg and a museum. The building was erected in 1806 by architect Giacomo Quarenghi.

In the 19th - early 20th centuries, the building housed the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens (1764 -1917). Known for his role in the events of the October Revolution of 1917, after which the building housed the Leningrad City Council of Workers' Deputies and the city committee of the CPSU (b) / CPSU (until 1991). Then the residence of the mayor and, since 1996, the governor of the city. There are a number of museum expositions reflecting the entire history of the building.

Pupils of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens at a dance lesson (1901)

Institute of Noble Maidens

Pupils of the Institute for Noble Maidens

• Nelidova, Ekaterina Ivanovna (1776 issue - 1st issue)
• Alymova, Glafira Ivanovna (1776 issue)
• Vyazemskaya, Evdokia Grigoryevna (1776 issue)
• Borschova, Natalya Semyonovna (1776 issue)
• Levshina, Alexandra Petrovna (1776 issue)
• Molchanova, Ekaterina Ivanovna (1776 issue)
• Rzhevskaya, Feodosia Stepanovna (1779 issue)
• Naryshkina, Maria Alekseevna (1779 issue)
• Khovanskaya, Ekaterina Nikolaevna (1779 issue)
• Khrushchova, Ekaterina Nikolaevna (1779 issue)
• Countess Efimovskaya
• Baroness Cherkassova (married von Palmenbach), Elizaveta Alexandrovna (1779 issue)
• Davydova, Nastasya Mikhailovna (1782 issue)
• Poltavtseva (married Skoblev), O. N. (180 - 23rd issue)
• Burman, Elena Ivanovna (married Molokhovets) (180 - 25th edition)
• Shipova (married Leontiev), Maria Pavlovna (1809 issue)
• Engelhardt (married Tomilova), Olga Aleksandrovra (18th graduation)
• Belgard, V. V. (181 - 37th issue)
• Kvashnina (married Rodzianko), Ekaterina Vladimirovna (1812 issue)
• Belgard, M. V. (43rd edition)
• Lyubica-Zorka, (182- 49th edition)
• Grand Duchess Milica Nikolaevna (182- 50th issue)
• Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna (182- 52nd edition)
• Queen of Italy Elena (183- 59th issue)
• Elchaninova (married Nevelskaya), E. I. (released in 1848)
• Yazykova (married Durrafur), G. Al. (185- g. 75th issue)
• Vodovozova, Elizaveta Nikolaevna (1844-1923)
• Filippova, M. (1866 issue)
• Mertvago, Sofia Petrovna (1868 issue)
• Kononova, V. V. (186 - 85th edition)
• Shustova (married Griipenberg), Alexandra Nikolaevna
• Novikova (married Kotelnikova), Ekaterina Al. (1891 issue)
• Olenina (married Rose), Maria Grigorievna (1872-1942, studied in 1889)
• De Opik, L. W. (1892 issue)
• af Enegelm, Ekaterina Fedorovna (married Prince Bagration-Mukhranskaya) (1893 issue)
• Gresser (in the marriage of Baratov), ​​V. N. (1893 issue)
• Petrova (in the marriage of Adamov), Klavdia Andreevna (1894 issue)
• Igelstrom (married Postovskaya), S. G.
• Bibikova (married Tatishchev), V. M. (released in 1895)
• Kremenetskaya, E. (1898 issue)
• Novakovskaya, N. A. (1901 issue)
• Tkhorzhevskaya (married to Erdeli), Natalia Kornelievna (born in 1905)
• Khitrovo (married Erdeli), Margarita S. (released in 1910)
• Mladentsova (married Grudzinskaya), Anna Dmitrievna
• Petrovskaya (in the marriage of Meshchaninov), Al. Al. (1905 issue)
• Rogovich, Maria Mikhailovna (1909 issue)
• Perekrestova (married von Hesse), O. S. (1911 issue)
• Lysova (deputy Zakharenko-Schultz), Maria Vladimirovna (graduated in 1911)
• Khronovskaya (married Ustrugova), Maria Ivanovna (1895-198x, produced in 1913)
• Bao (married Lavrovskaya), N. K. (1914 issue)
• Chekmaryova (married Hanson), Anna Viktorovna (born in 1914)
• Rose, Zinaida Konstantinovna
• Baroness von Bode, Sophia (issued in 1914)
• Kulakova (married Dormua), E. D. (1915 issue)
• Kologivova (married Marriage), N. A. (released in 1917)
• Ukhtomskaya, Alla Fedorovna (1904-1976)
• Ukhtomskaya, Kira Fedorovna (1906-1971)

1917

In 1917, the Smolny Institute was the headquarters for preparing for the uprising of the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Trotsky.

Residence of the party leadership

In 1925, architects V. A. Shchuko and V. G. Gelfreikh carried out landscaping work (propylaea were built in front of the entrance to Smolny) in order to emphasize the role of Smolny as the cradle of the revolution.

In 1934 Sergei Kirov was assassinated in Smolny.

• Administration of St. Petersburg

see also

• State Historical and Memorial St. Petersburg Museum "Smolny".

Literature

• Cherepnin N. P. Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens. Historical essay. 1764-1914. Vol. 3 [Here are the lists of pupils]. Petrograd, 1915.
• Dmitry Grigorievich Levitsky 1735-1822: Catalog of a temporary exhibition - The State Russian Museum. - L.: Art, Leningrad branch, 1987. - 142 p.

Links

• Smolny (material from the book by V. Nesterov “Do you know your city?”)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Sadia
• Samsung SDI

See what "Smolny Institute" is in other dictionaries:

Smolny. Smolny. The building of the former Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. St. Petersburg. Smolny Institute (Educational Society for Noble Maidens), the first and most privileged of the institutes for noble maidens. Founded in 1764 according to the plan ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

- (Educational Society for Noble Maidens), the first and most privileged of the institutions of noble maidens. It was founded in 1764 according to the plan of I. I. Betsky. It was located in the Smolny Monastery, to the south of which in 1806 08 J. Quarenghi built ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Noble Maidens, the first in Russia women's privileged secondary general education educational institution closed type for daughters of nobles (from 6 to 18 years old). Founded in 1764 at the Resurrection Smolny convent in St. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Noble Maidens, the first in Russia women's privileged secondary educational institution of a closed type for the daughters of nobles (from 6 to 18 years old). Founded in 1764 at the Resurrection Smolny convent in St. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Noble Maidens, the first female secondary educational institution in Russia educational institution, which marked the beginning of public women's education in the state. Founded on the initiative of I. I. Betsky (See Betskoy) in accordance with the decree ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia