Yarn types and spinning methods. Combed yarn


Good day! We often choose clothes according to outward signs- color, shape, fashion. But we don’t even think about how the production of threads, fabrics begins ... I suggest that you familiarize yourself with this useful information as types of yarns and spinning methods.

Yarn is a textile thread that is made by twisting individual fibers. Spinning is all the process that produces yarn from pulp. The choice of spinning method and the type of yarn depends on the length and thickness of the fibers. There is a combed, carded and hardware ways spinning.

Spinning takes place in spinning mills. Only natural textile fibers (cotton, wool, linen) are spun, due to the relatively short length of their fibers. The only exceptions are staple man-made fibers, since they are the shortest.

Carded spinning is essential for cotton and staple fibers. This method uses cotton middle length.

Long fibers of cotton, natural silk and wool are processed using the combed method. The result is a fine, uniform, dense and smooth yarn.

Short fibers of wool and cotton are processed by a hardware method. With this processing, hardware yarn is obtained, which is loose, uneven in thickness, thick and fluffy. To begin with, several operations are performed, during which the fiber is cleaned, straightened, divided into individual fibers, combed and then twisted into yarn.

The fibers are delivered to the spinning mills in bales weighing 125 - 170 kg. This fiber contains many impurities, the finest fibers are tangled and crumpled. In this form, the raw material is not suitable for spinning.

Basic spinning operations:

  • loosening and scattering of fibers;
  • carding;
  • alignment and stretching;
  • spinning (pre-spinning);
  • spinning itself.
  • Loosening and scattering carried out with all three types of spinning. Pieces of compressed fibers under the blows form a loose consistency and impurities are slightly removed.

    Carding is performed for the final removal of impurities and separation of the scraps into individual fibers.

    Align and Pull produced on tape machines, for leveling the thickness, several belts are connected into one. As the ribbon passes between the rollers of the draw frame, it gradually becomes thinner.

    Pre-spinning is carried out on roving frames, where from the belt, by stretching and weak twisting, one obtains roving.

    Self-spinning occurs on spinning machines. On the this stage the final stretching of the roving, twisting and winding of the yarn takes place.

    Applicable wet and dry spinning.

    Cotton, wool, natural silk waste, staple fibers are spun dry. Flax fibers are spun wet and dry.

    At wet spinning produces a thinner and denser linen yarn, in order to soften the pectin substances, the roving is passed through baths of hot water.

    The number of operations involved in the spinning process depends on the spinning method. The simplest is hardware (there are no processes for processing tape and roving - after carding, spinning follows).

    The longest and coarsest woolen fibers are processed by coarse-combed spinning, resulting in a dense and stiff yarn. Medium fine wool length goes into finely combed spinning - a fine yarn with a slightly fluffy surface is formed. Coarse and semi-coarse wool of medium length can be processed using a semi-comb spinning system (no combing). The result is a semi-combed yarn with a comb-like appearance. When spinning wool, the fibers are often blended. In case of machine spinning, wool fibers may include: factory wool, reconstituted wool, cotton, staple fibers. If the fibers are mixed with spinning, then it is done before carding. The staple yarn, due to the uniformity of the fibers, turns out to be even and smooth in length and thickness.


    combed yarn. Has the most regular structure: fibers, well combed, parallel, evenly distributed along the length and cross-section; form a dense thread, uniform in thickness. Due to the twist, the fibers lie in spiral turns, compact and wrap around each other.

    (Terminological dictionary of clothing. Orlenko LV, 1996)

    • - a thread of fibers. The art of converting fibers of various varieties of flax, sheep, goat and camel wool into P. has been known since ancient times ...

      Dictionary of antiquity

    • - - machine-spun yarns ...

      Encyclopedia of Fashion and Clothing

    • - yarn obtained by carded spinning system ...

      Encyclopedia of Fashion and Clothing

    • - yarn obtained by spinning, i.e. twisting From this definition it becomes clear that roving cannot be called yarn. Now let's talk about what yarn is ...

      Encyclopedia of Fashion and Clothing

    • - also called worsted, is used for the production of smooth soft fabrics, in which the threads that form the fabric are clearly visible on its surface, as well as for hosiery yarn ...
    • - a thread consisting of fibers limited. length and connected by twisting, entangling, gluing, etc. Serves for working out the text. products. Distinguish P. single-thread and twisted; homogeneous and mixed ...

      Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

    • - see Wool ...

      Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

    • - see Threads ...

      Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

    • - Yarn is a thread made up of individual fibers by distributing them evenly along one another and then twisting them to give them a common bond ...

      Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

    • - I Pryazha urban-type settlement, the center of the Pryazha region of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Located on the road, 51 km to the southwest. from Petrozavodsk. Forestry enterprises, fur farming state farm ...

      Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    • - a thread consisting of textile fibers, connected by twisting. Obtained in the spinning industry ...

      Big encyclopedic dictionary

    • - YARN, -and, wives. Spun yarns ...

      Dictionary Ozhegova

    • - YARN, yarn, many others. no, wives. 1. Threads obtained by spinning. Wool yarn... Twisted yarn. Worsted yarn. "The old woman was spinning her yarn." Pushkin. 2. Action according to Ch. spinning, spinning. Doing yarn ...

      Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

    • - Yarros. Opening hours on arable land in the afternoon. YaOS 3, 46 ...
    • - Second yarn. Yarros. Opening hours on arable land in the afternoon. YaOS 3, 46. The first yarn. Yarros. Working hours on arable land until noon. YaOS 7, 90 ...

      Big dictionary Russian sayings

    • - WOODEN OR COMBED long sheep's wool, going to the manufacture of soft materials ...

      Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    "Combed yarn" in the books

    YARN OF LIFE

    From the book Earth in Bloom the author Safonov Vadim Andreevich

    YARN OF LIFE

    From the book Earth in Bloom the author Safonov Vadim Andreevich

    YARN OF LIFE Each green leaf is the most mysterious laboratory of all that exists on Earth. In it every second, until it reaches him Sunray, the most daring dream of chemists is realized: the creation of living from non-living. Only a green plant can

    Moira thread - parka yarn

    From the book of Great Prophecies the author Korovina Elena Anatolievna

    Moira yarn - parka yarn The future has always attracted humanity, but it has also always frightened. It is not known what is there - beyond the horizon of today. It is not for nothing that the wise biblical king Solomon said: "He who multiplies knowledge, multiplies sorrow." Well, the ancient philosophers were

    Water yarn

    From the book Legends of Lvov. Volume 2 the author Vinnichuk Yuri Pavlovich

    Yarn of water One girl was returning from walks in the tavern "Under the Golden Pantufle". That evening, she had a quarrel with her boyfriend, and no one saw her off. Walking along the bank of Poltva, she slipped on the grass wet with dew and fell into the water. The bottom of the river was muddy by the bank, and

    Yarn for shawls

    From the book We knit shawls the author Ivanovskaya T.V.

    Yarn for shawls An accessory such as a shawl is enough bulky thing and, accordingly, it will take a lot of yarn, so it may be heavy and not bring the expected wearing comfort. It is desirable that the shawl or scarf be practically weightless, but at the same time

    Yarn for knitting

    From the book Knitted toys the author Elena A. Kaminskaya

    Knitting yarn What to knit a toy from? Almost any yarn is suitable for this, the main thing is that it is safe for your child, does not cause allergic reactions, did not fade after washing and did not have too long pile. The most suitable yarn for

    Yarn (urban type settlement in the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic)

    TSB

    Yarn (textile threads)

    From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PR) of the author TSB

    Melange yarn

    From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (ME) of the author TSB

    - (laine longue, l. de peigne, l. à peigner, Kammwolle, long wool, combing wool), also called worsted, is used for the manufacture of smooth soft fabrics (étoffes rases, Kammwollzeuge, worsted goods), in which the threads forming the fabric , clearly visible ... ...

    Textile- This term has other meanings, see Tissue (biology). This article or section needs revision. the text is not encyclopedic ... Wikipedia

    Cashmere Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    Cashmere- I see. Cotton fabrics... II (cachemir, Kaschmir, cashmere) very thin and soft twill weave; woven from combed yarn made from Tibetan goat down (Kaschmirwolle, cashmere, shawbwool) or from merino wool, but ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    59.080.20 - Yarn GOST 4.128 84 SPKP. Chemical threads. Nomenclature of indicators GOST 1086 74 Silk insulating threads. Technical conditions... Instead of GOST 1086 52 GOST 1674 77 Twisted silk threads. Technical conditions. Instead of GOST 1674 69 GOST 6309 93 ... ... Indicator of national standards

    GOST 10290 (72) Yarn, combed woolen and half-woolen (mixed) for weaving. Technical conditions. OKS: 59.080.20 KGS: M81 Industrial woolen fiber and yarn Replaces: GOST 10290 62 Effective: From 01.07.73 Modified: rev. 1, IUS ... ... Directory of GOSTs

    GOST 17511 (83) Combined pure-woolen and half-woolen yarn for knitwear production... Technical conditions. OKS: 59.080.20 KGS: M41 Knitted fabrics and yarns for the knitting industry Replaces: GOST 17511 72 Effect: From 01.01.85 ... ... Directory of GOSTs

    Spinning mill- aggregate technological processes required for the production (from relatively short fibers) of a continuous thread of yarn (See Yarn) used for the manufacture of textiles: fabrics, knitwear, curtains, nets, cords, threads, ... ...

    Cotton spinning- a set of technological processes used for the processing of cotton fibers into yarn (See. Yarn). Chemical fibers are also used in ch. (Both mixed with cotton and in pure form), which allows you to expand the range ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    Fine spinning * Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    Fine spinning- This is the name of the final process in the spinning industry, which gives the processed material the appearance and properties of the yarn (see the corresponding article). T. consists in pulling the prepared roving (see prespinning) to the assigned number and twisting ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    This short article is addressed primarily to newcomers to the printing industry. When anyone starts a T-shirt printing business, they are faced with the acute question of finding a good supplier.

    In this article, we'll talk about colored cotton T-shirts that are perfect for or silk screen printing.

    What is a good T-shirt? In simple terms, this is an easy-to-wear and maintain item that does not lose its properties during use - it does not fade, does not stretch during washing, and does not become covered with lint and pellets. At the same time, it is highly desirable that the T-shirt is not very expensive.

    How not to get lost in the ocean of offers on the market, what is carded or combed yarn is the topic of this conversation.

    Just want to upset you a little. In that capitalism with a Russian face, in which we now live and work, many sellers are not at all familiar with the words "honor" and "honesty". And often the information about their products does not correspond to reality.

    Nevertheless, it will not hurt you to know the terms that characterize the knitted fabric.

    By far the most the best way to test the T-shirts is to buy a small batch and test it in person. Many do just that and, having found "their" supplier, work with him.

    For beginners, a few simple tips will help.

    We are looking for a supplier of t-shirts

    It's good if the seller is near you. You can always come to the warehouse or office, touch and touch the products, buy several copies for trial.

    It is worse when there is no such supplier nearby. Then you have to look for it on the Internet. And here it is desirable to be at least a little savvy. I myself need a supplier of high-quality and inexpensive T-shirts, so I will look with you.

    So, suppose I found an interesting site with a proposal for the sale of T-shirts, tops, sweatshirts, T-shirts.

    First of all, of course, I rate it appearance... As a rule, serious sellers do not spare money for the creation, design and promotion of their sites. A good, high-quality site indirectly tells me that the seller has come to this market seriously and for a long time. If the site is pleasant - put a "plus" on it and move on.

    Now I move on to exploring the assortment. The more styles, models and colors - the better! After all, T-shirts are different - women and men (unisex); With long sleeve, short or none at all; with a round or v-shaped front, etc.

    If the seller a good choice- he has one more "plus" in the piggy bank.

    I just want to see the price of T-shirts! Well, let's take a look out of the corner of our eye. If the prices did not scare you and seemed adequate, we continue to research the site and its products!

    We look at the quality of the fabric of T-shirts

    When choosing T-shirts for printing, you should pay attention to two properties of the fabric from which they are made - its density and the type of yarn from which the canvas is made (carded or combed).

    The density of the fabric is measured in grams per square meter(g / m²). Just like paper. More thick fabric definitely more expensive.

    Here it is important to know what purpose your T-shirts will serve. If for promotions (one time) - you can take thinner and cheaper T-shirts with a density of 120 g / m². For daily wear and frequent washings the fabric should be chosen more dense - 150-180 g / m².

    But, in addition to the density of the knitwear, it is important to know the type of yarn from which it is made. Most often, when sewing T-shirts and T-shirts, knitwear of two types of weaving yarn is used - cooler surface and interlock... Moreover, the first is more often.

    When knitting knitted fabric the yarn used is different in the way of spinning - carded or combed.

    Combed yarn - the thinnest, smoothest, even, densest and strongest yarn of the longest fibers.

    Carded yarn differs from combed in less uniformity, greater looseness and less high tensile strength. Medium length fibers are used for carded yarns.

    There is also hardware yarn, the worst in quality - loose, fleecy, uneven in length. But for production nice t-shirts it is usually not used.

    As you can imagine, the length of the fibers of the yarn directly indicates the quality of the T-shirts. The longer the fibers, the longer the surface of the fabric will remain flat and smooth, despite a large number of washings. But short fibers - these are the very "fibers and pellets" which are replete with a cheap T-shirt.

    T-shirt sewing assessment

    It is also very important to evaluate the quality of sewing products. In particular, you should pay attention to the processing of seams, stitching of the bottom of the T-shirt and sleeves. Of course, it is not possible to do this in absentia on the Internet, but many sellers, when they have something to boast about, post photos of their T-shirts on the site with a very detailed description of all the seams and elements of clothing. If such photographs are present, this is a good sign!

    Many cheap jerseys are literally crooked! There are T-shirts made for thick koloboks or, conversely, for thin lanky Don Quixotes. This is because they are not sewn by professionals and according to crooked patterns. Printing on these T-shirts is a real torment. And wearing them, probably, too.

    Again, I repeat that it is difficult to evaluate the quality of the purchased product in absentia, but you can pay attention to the detailed size table. Serious sellers make sure to provide it on their sites. There you will see detailed description each size with decoding in length, width and other parameters.

    T-shirts price

    As I already mentioned, there are quite a few sellers on the market who are not honest. Therefore, be on the alert. If you are offered T-shirts made of combed yarn with a density of 180 g / m² for only 70 rubles apiece, most likely they are trying to deceive you. Unless, of course, this is the price for a carriage :-)

    Necessarily where we discuss suppliers of t-shirts and prices for their products. If you have anything to add to this interesting topic or you have a question - go to the forum, register and leave your messages!

    This is all that I briefly wanted to tell you. Neither you nor me, I think, should delve into the jungle of knitwear production. But being a little savvy when choosing a wholesale T-shirt supplier won't hurt all of us!

    Burette yarn dealer

    Burette silk is very soft thick yarn without shine and with small interspersed nodules, - real find for connoisseurs of everything natural and environmentally friendly. Being, in fact, a "waste" of silk production, it contains great amount the most nutrients harvested from the silkworm cocoon. It is spun from short fibers - parts of a cocoon that do not unwind into thin long threads. For this reason, brown yarn turns out to be slightly embossed and at first glance may seem coarse and tough, but if you touch it, you will be surprised how delicate it is.

    The name itself comes from French word"Bourrer" meaning to fill. Previously, high quality pillows and blankets were stuffed with this material.

    Yarn dealer about P rye SHETLAND
    Made from 100% Shetland sheep wool
    This is one of the British breeds from the Shetland Islands, located in the North Sea between Scotland and Norway (Shetland-County of Scotland).
    Most of the sheep are wild; they graze freely on the hills and the coast; feed on heather and seaweed ... The wool from the sheep is not sheared, but combed off within a year. Thanks to these conditions, a soft, silky and beautiful coat is obtained.
    The term "Shetland sheep wool" is commonly used with the following adjectives: pure, natural, real, confirming that the wool is really from Shetland Islands, and not just wool with similar characteristics.

    Carded yarn dealer

    Carded yarns are twisted fibers that have not been combed. They are made from short fibers, so the yarn is fluffier, less smooth than combed, and has an uneven surface. It is used in the knitting and weaving industry. The strength of this yarn is less than that of combed

    Carded yarn products are soft, have matte shade, absorb moisture, breathe well.

    Carded yarn has a number of advantages over combed - a higher percentage natural ingredients in the composition of carded yarn will cost significantly less than a similar composition in combed yarn. It is lighter than combed, which affects the cost of production, at the same time the products from it are warmer. To achieve the same warmth effect from combed yarns, you need to produce a thicker piece that will be heavier. Carded yarn is pilling less, and not in the form of spools, but in the form of fluff, which can be easily removed. By tactile sensations carded yarns are softer and fluffier. BUT! Carded yarn requires finishing and washing - all of it good properties appear only after washing - at home this is an ordinary laundry soap - it acts as an alkali - then washing in a shampoo for wool and rinsing (I wash without alkaline soap product after washing by hand and spinning at low speeds in the machine, it acquires a new life - all the charm of carded yarn comes out - lightness, softness and fluffiness!