How much breast milk should a newborn baby eat. Nutritional norms for infants from birth to a year with breast and artificial feeding. Differences between breastfeeding and artificial feeding

30.05.2019

The baby was born. A happy mom has a time of worries, worries and worries. The main thing that now worries a mother who is breastfeeding is whether the baby gets enough nutrition, fatty or not her milk?

Breastfeeding

First feeding

Milk after childbirth begins to arrive usually by the fourth day. The baby is brought to the first feeding, most often on the second day. And now the young mother begins to worry that her baby will remain hungry, that there is very little milk. You shouldn't do this for several reasons:

The newborn is still weakly sucking his mother's breast (the sucking reflex is poorly developed), he needs to learn this, so he eats very little.
Colostrum, which is now produced by the mother's body, is fatty and nutritious. It contains everything necessary to ensure the full life of the newborn.
The volume of the ventricle in infants is still very small (on the first day, only about 10 ml), therefore, the amount of colostrum eaten per feeding is also small, about 7 - 9 ml.
It turns out to feed the child 10 - 12 per day, that is, for the first day the baby's norm is about 100 ml of milk.
You shouldn't think that infant will remain hungry because there is not enough milk. It will start arriving soon. But unnecessary worries can delay the increase in lactation.

Milk rates in the first ten days

How much milk a baby will eat now depends only on its weight and age. From day to day, the volume of the ventricle in a newborn increases, and the volume of milk consumed increases accordingly.

On the second day, the baby drinks about 20 grams in one feeding, the daily dose is 200-240 ml,
On the third - 30 ml (300-340 ml, respectively) and so on.
For a child of the first 10 days of life, you can calculate the required amount of milk consumption for 1 feeding by simply multiplying the number of days from birth by 10.

Nutritional formula for the first 10 days: N (number of days) * 10 = one-time feeding volume in ml.

Accurate scales to measure the weight of a newborn baby

More precisely, the volume of a single dose of milk consumed can be determined by weighing the baby on a medical scale before and immediately after feeding. The difference between the results of weighing is the volume of milk drunk by the baby. It is advisable to weigh several feedings in a row. Knowing the approximate dose ( see above standards), you will understand whether the baby is sucking his portion or not.

When and how is it better to feed a baby?

After ten days, mommy's milk will stop coming. Now approximate quantity eaten per day will be equal to a fifth of the weight of the baby.

Children's pediatricians have come to the conclusion that it is not necessary to force-feed a child during strictly allotted hours. It is better to wait until the baby himself demands to feed him. Usually this happens 10-12 times a day with an interval of 1.5 - 2 hours.

Read about the pros and cons of feeding on demand -

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As a rule, the baby actively sucks the breast for 15-30 minutes, sometimes even 40. It happens that the baby has sucked out all the milk, but continues to suck the breast for some time, either sucking out the last drops of milk, or he just likes the sucking process itself. Don't let him breastfeed for more than an hour.

Table of nutritional norms up to a year

On artificial nutrition

Everything that has already been said above applies to breastfeeding. What if your child is receiving artificial nutrition? How to calculate necessary norm milk or formula?

This is where nutrition is important. It is necessary to feed the baby at least 8 times a day.
We calculate the norms, as for breastfeeding, but if the baby eats less often, then the norm can be slightly increased.
The main thing is not to overfeed the child. After all, it is easier to suck milk from the nipple, and the sucking reflex of the baby is highly developed already a few days after birth.
If you feed your baby not with milk, but with a milk formula, then everything is even simpler - the dose required for each age is indicated on the package (See the article on mixtures and about that).

How to calculate the daily rate for artificial nutrition?

For example: Let's use a table. The child is 2 months old, weight - 4800 gr. Daily amount of milk: 4800/6= 800 ml. Dividing by the number of feedings per day, we get a single dose: 800/6 = 130 ml. So, in one feeding, the baby should eat 130 grams of milk / mixture.

Features of nutrition with artificial feeding

Do not worry if the baby ate less than the prescribed norm - in next feeding he can eat a little more and get the right amount.
You should know that the ventricle of a bottle-fed baby digests food more slowly, whether it be milk or formula. Therefore, during the day you should feed after 2.5 - 3 hours, night break in feeding can be 5 - 6 hours.
If the baby wakes up some time after feeding and cries, do not supplement him with more. Most likely, he did not burp air, and his tummy hurts. Hold it upright. As soon as he burps the air, let him fall asleep again.
If he did not drink the whole norm, it is better to let him finish it a little later, when you know for sure that he is hungry.

How to determine that the child is full?

An attentive mother will determine by many signs that the baby is full:

He is calm;
Sleeping soundly;
Good weight gain (See article);
He pees regularly (12-15 times a day) and poops regularly (See article).

When a baby simply cries often, this is not an indicator of underfeeding. Most likely, he is simply tormented by gases and colic.

If your child is restless, sleeps poorly, wakes up often, weight gain is small compared to the norm, greedily pounces on the chest (or a bottle of formula), then the baby is clearly experiencing some nutritional problems and it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Video: how to determine if a baby is getting enough milk

There are many breastfeeding tips, but don't blindly follow them. Remember that everything is very individual. Be attentive and patient, and soon your baby will establish his own, convenient for him, diet.

As soon as the feeding regimen returns to normal, you can not worry about how much your baby ate. He will eat as much as he needs.

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All mothers worry about whether a child is full, regardless of whether they are breastfeeding or an artificial child. If it’s easier with babies, they are applied to the chest on demand and regulate the amount of food they need to eat, then artificial people need to calculate nutrition so that the child does not remain hungry, and at the same time, he is not overfed.

Calculations of nutrition for artificers are necessary because the volume of the stomach at birth in children is no more than 10 ml and gradually increases as they grow. It is important that the child receives enough nutrition, and there is no overdistension of the stomach and food overload.

How much formula should a newborn eat?

Of course, the ideal is to exclusively breastfeed your baby. breastfeeding no nutrition calculations need to be carried out, you just need to feed the baby on demand.

But if for some reason it did not work out with breastfeeding, it is necessary to choose the right mixture for the child and accurately calculate the amount of nutrition he needs from the very first day of life.

The first days of a child's life are the most important in terms of adapting to a new diet and lifestyle, and it is important to accurate calculations the amount of mixture that a newborn should receive per day and per feeding.

Up to 10 days of a child's life, calculations are made based on the weight of the newborn at birth.

There are several ways to calculate nutrition:

For infants weighing up to 3.2 kg, the volume of formula per day is equal to the age of the child in days, multiplied by 70.

A child weighing 2.8 kg at the age of seven days needs 420 ml of the mixture per day according to this formula. This daily volume is divided by the number of feedings to obtain the volume of one feeding. At this age, children need to be fed at least eight times a day.

For children weighing more than 3.2 kg, the formula looks like this: the number of days of a child's life * 80. This will be the volume of formula per day, and the amount of formula per feeding is obtained by dividing this volume by 8 feedings.

Today on modern packaging mixtures manufacturers to help mom calculate how much mixture a newborn should receive at a time and per day.

Amount of food after 10 days of life

Just as in the first 10 days of life, in the future, the amount of food for a child artificial nutrition calculated based on the child's body weight. The calculation is carried out according to the following principle:

up to one and a half months, the child needs 1/5 of his weight per day;
up to 4 months 1/6 of body weight per day;
from 4 to 6 months up to 1/7 body weight, but not more than 1000 ml;

After this age, no more than 1/8 of the volume of body weight.

For example, a child aged 1 month with a body weight of 4200 g is required per day:

4200: 5 = 840 ml of mixture.

The number of feedings per day also depends on age, and is:

children under 2 months need 8-10 feedings per day, including at night;
children 2-4 months old need 7-8 feedings per day;
children 4-6 months 6 feedings per day;
after 6 months 5-6 feedings.

Thus, how much a newborn should eat at a time is not difficult to calculate. From the example above, we divide 840 ml into 8 feedings - 105 ml per feeding.

Attention! You should not look at the schemes indicated on the jars of baby food, and the volumes of one feeding that are offered there.

They are given for the average baby, and the standard amount of formula for your little one may be either too much or too little.

The calculation of nutrition is carried out specifically for your baby by a pediatrician or by yourself. Usually formula data is artificially high, which consumes food faster and forces you to buy more mixture. At the same time, children suffer from overfeeding, which in the future can lead to metabolic disorders and obesity.

Other related information

paracetamol while breastfeeding

Newborn babies should get enough breast milk and sleep regularly. During the first weeks of their lives, they, as a rule, only eat and sleep, which, in principle, is what they need for a full-fledged existence and normal development.

A nursing mother should exclude starchy foods from her diet.

Nursing mothers must first of all provide healthy milk to babies, so doctors strongly recommend that you follow a certain diet during breastfeeding.

The main thing is to exclude from your diet flour, sweet, salty, canned, as well as products containing a lot of dyes and additives in their composition. All of the above can adversely affect the properties of breast milk, leading to various diseases baby.

In order for the baby to grow and develop well, you need to take care not only of the quality of milk, but also of its doses. Moms should know how many times a day a child should be breastfed, what doses are optimal for a particular age?

How many times should you breastfeed your baby?

It should be noted right away that the first day after birth, the baby feeds on colostrum - a liquid from the mother's breast.

It is highly nutritious and loaded with a rich amount of micronutrients that are essential. Starting from the second day, normal breast milk is formed in a woman.

On the first day of life, the baby eats only up to 15 ml of breast milk, which is the absolute norm for him. On the second day, the amount of breast fluid consumed increases to 60-90 ml. For 3-4 days, the child can already eat up to 200-300 ml. So, the amount of milk consumed will increase over time. For example, to fully saturate the body for up to 2 months, it is enough for a baby to consume breast milk in a ratio of 1/5 of its weight.

On the first day of life, the baby eats up to 15 ml of breast milk.

The norm of breast milk for a newborn for one feeding

It is better to breastfeed while the baby needs it.

To better understand how much to give breast milk to a newborn in the first months of his life, we have prepared a table (daily rate):

As a rule, the child is breastfed until 6 months of age.

Some stop breastfeeding as early as 2-3 months different reasons, or, conversely, increase the duration to 1 year. Of course, it is much better to breastfeed your baby for as long as the baby requires. Talk to your doctor about this topic.

Norms by age: daily and one-time breastfeeding

As for the volume of breast milk, it varies depending on the age of the baby.

The larger and larger the baby, the more he should be given fluids for normal development. Consider in the table:

Age of the baby Daily intake (ml) Single consumption (ml)
1–2 weeks 500–700 80–100
1–2 months 700–900 110–140
3–4 months 800–1000 140–160
5–6 months 900–1000 160–180
6–9 months 1000–1100 180–200
10–12 months 1000–1200 200–240
It is primarily about the fluid consumed by the child.

If speaking about a baby under the age of 6 months, then it is advisable for him to give as much breast milk as indicated in the table. If a nursing mother fails to give the norm, then, for example, from 3-4 months you can gradually switch to mixed feeding , and by 6-7 months, replace it with an artificial one. At the same time, the rate of fluid intake, as indicated in the table, should be left.

From 3 months you can switch to mixed feeding.

Breastfeeding mothers should take care of breast hygiene.

Try to give your baby as much milk as pediatricians recommend.. All norms were indicated in the table.

Get ready for what the first weeks of life, the baby eats less breast milk, but frequent receptions . Older children should be given liquids less often, but more.

Pay attention to your baby while feeding. As a rule, he will let you know when he has had enough, and he will let go of the breast.

If the baby fell asleep, in your opinion, during feeding, then know that while he may continue to supply milk.

If the breast from which the child drinks milk is already empty, then offer the baby a second. Doctors advise giving breasts alternately during the day, so that in each.

Breastfeeding at night is a must, because it is in dark time days, the hormone prolactin is produced, which is useful for both the baby and his mother.

Breastfeeding mothers should take care of nipple hygiene, wash them after each feeding, apply special creams and lotions, as well as, if necessary, to deal with cracks. Otherwise, the baby may develop various diseases, including .

Breastfeeding mothers should follow a certain diet to make breast milk healthier.

conclusions

For a baby to grow up healthy, he needs breast milk.

For a baby to grow up healthy and active, he needs breast milk. Be mindful of the quality and quantity of your breast milk, and remember to maintain your hygiene.

Video about breastfeeding

Age of the baby	Daily intake (ml)	Single consumption (ml)
1–2 weeks	500–700	80–100
1–2 months	700–900	110–140
3–4 months	800–1000	140–160
5–6 months	900–1000	160–180
6–9 months	1000–1100	180–200
10–12 months	1000–1200	200–240

All young mothers are preoccupied with the same question: is my baby full. Especially if this is the woman's first child. Of course, on subconscious level we all understand that the instinct of self-preservation will not let the baby starve, and yet every mother wants the baby to eat well and develop properly. To do this, you need to know about nutritional standards. They differ depending on the type of feeding of the newborn - natural, artificial or mixed, the age of the little one and its weight. Next, we will consider all the nuances of this important issue.

Nutritional considerations for a breastfed baby

Breastfeeding (LF) is a natural extension of the mother-child bond that allows the baby to more easily cope with the stress of birth. But in the new world, the baby needs to learn everything, including numbers and eat (for this you need to develop a sucking reflex). So it's not surprising that new mother worries if her baby is full.

First feeding

"Colostrum" or the first portions of mother's milk is a real treasure trove of nutrients for the baby. Good health and well-coordinated work of the immunity of the crumbs largely depends on huge amount vitamins, highly digestible proteins and antioxidants contained in colostrum.

The first feedings are important for the whole subsequent life of the little man.

This is interesting. The volume of the stomach of a newborn is about 12 ml.

You can't overeat colostrum. At the first meal, the baby eats about 8 ml. Considering that the number of feedings per day is usually about 12 times, in general, a newborn will eat approximately 100 ml of liquid. Every day the daily norm will increase by 10 grams.

Table of nutritional norms for a child 2-4 days of life

There is another option for calculating the amount eaten. He demands mathematical solution equation X x 10 \u003d ml per meal, where X is the age, that is, the days of the child's life. For example, a newborn on the 7th day after birth should eat about 70 ml of breast milk at a time.

Table of nutritional norms for a child from 2 weeks of life to a year

Feeding norms are developed taking into account the introduction of complementary foods from six months of age

Please note that these figures are approximate, so a difference of plus or minus 5-10 grams is not significant. But what really matters is the interval between feedings. At first, it should be no more than 2 hours. Then the intervals will increase, as the little one will suck more intensively, that is, receive more liquid. Perfection sucking reflex will result in reduced feeding times.

How to determine the amount of milk that needs to be eaten (depending on the weight of the child)?

So, numbers are a good thing, but many mothers will definitely have an absolutely logical question: how to find out how much the child ate?

The easiest way to find out how much the baby ate is to weigh the little one before and after eating.

To do this, you can weigh the baby before and after feeding. The difference will be the desired value. To calculate daily allowance, you need to add up all the results of feedings for 24 hours. This method is suitable for both naturalists and artificialists.

How long to keep the baby at the breast?

On average, a baby stays at the breast every 2-3 hours. How long should a meal last? Breastfeeding experts say that about 30-40 minutes if the little one does not release the breast earlier. By the way, feeding for 15–20 minutes is not a deviation from the norm if the child is gaining weight well and is not naughty. But staying “on the chest” for more than 40 minutes suggests that the baby uses the nipple as a nipple, that is, it is played. In the future, this can create a lot of inconvenience for both mom and baby, so it’s better not to bring it to such entertainment.

Video. Dr. Komarovsky: the best feeding regimen for a newborn

Features of the nutrition of a child on artificial feeding

Artificial feeding (IV), unlike breastfeeding, requires more accurate calculations, because the mixture is more difficult to digest than breast milk, so busting can lead to problems with gastrointestinal tract child. But such a task is feasible for a young mother.

Diet and feeding times

This most important component proper care for an artificial baby.

For proper development an artificial child needs to follow a diet

A child under 2 months old should eat 8-9 times with a break of 2.5-3 hours, at 2-3 months - 7-8 times, at 4 months - 6-7 times, at 5-6 months - 5-6 times , and from 7 months to a year - from 4 to 6 times a day. At the same time, one feeding will last no more than 15 minutes, because it is much easier to drink from the nipple than to suck on the breast.

Nutritional norms for IV

As a rule, manufacturers of mixtures indicate doses and norms on packages. But the average, indicative, data still does not hurt to know.

Table of nutritional norms for children from 10 days to a year

How many grams in a daily and single dose and how to calculate them?

On banks with a mixture, the norms for children of different ages must be indicated.

This is interesting. The most popular calculation formula for the daily and single dose of formula for IV children is called the Heibener and Czerny method.

For example, a baby weighs 4,850 grams. He is 2 months old, which means that he should consume 1/6 of his weight per day. Accordingly, 4850/6, we get a daily dose of 808 ml. We divide this amount by the number of feedings, we get a single dose - 135 ml. Another example: a newborn weighs 4,000 grams, eat 1/5 of its weight, it turns out that the daily dose is 800 ml, and a single dose is 100 ml.

Methods for calculating the amount of mixture for children from 10 days to a month

In the first month, the baby is just beginning to adapt to a new diet. Therefore, the calculation of the amount of the mixture is slightly different from that described above. There are two ways.

Use Zaitseva's formula. 2% of body weight at birth is multiplied by the days of age, which gives the daily dose. The result obtained is divided by the number of feedings, which is equal to the volume of a single dose.
Use the Finkelstein formula. If the baby weighed less than 3,200 grams at birth, then multiply the age in days by 70, the resulting value will be the daily dose. If the birth weight was more than 3,200 grams, then to obtain the daily norm, the age in days must be multiplied by 80.

In both cases, to determine a single dose, you need to divide the daily dose by the number of feedings.

How many feedings are enough for a 400g jar of formula?

Again, these calculations will be approximate, since it all depends on how much your baby weighs and how many times a day you feed him. Besides, than older child the more he eats. On average, up to 2 months, 1 can is required for 5-6 days, 5 cans are spent per month. In 3–4 months, 1 can will be enough for 3–4 days, which means that 7.5 cans will be required per month.

How much formula does a mixed-fed (CF) baby need?

In this case, the math will be very difficult. We recommend using one of the two methods of introducing supplementary feeding.

At mixed feeding Breast milk is still the main

Mom introduces the mixture, starting with the minimum amount. For example, 30 ml 1-2 times a day. Once a week, the mother conducts control weighings and, when recruiting less than 125 g / week, increases the amount of supplementary feeding per day by minimal amount: Adds 1-2 more feedings of 30 ml. If there are 6-7 feedings of 30 ml each, then an increase in volume begins single feeding: 6 feedings of 30 ml + 1 feeding of 40 ml before all feedings of 40 ml, etc. The increase in supplementation should be stopped when the baby starts gaining 125g/week or more. One more additional control weighing(control - not the one before and after the meal, but the control - gained 125 g or not) to make sure that this volume is enough.
Mom counts the number of urinations of the child and adds about 30 ml of supplementary food for each missing time. For example, a baby peed 8 times a day. He lacks the norm 2–4 times, which means that the minimum amount of supplementary feeding can be set at 2 feedings of 30 ml each. After two or three days, the count of urination is repeated. As soon as the number of urination is established slightly above the minimum norm (12-14), the increase in supplementary feeding is stopped. Attention: this method requires confirmation by weight gain control! Those. after establishing the desired number of urination, one to two weighings with an interval of 7 days are required to ensure that the weight gain is 125 g / week or more.

3 rules for supplementary feeding of children in the NE

Following these tips will allow you to supplement your baby without reducing lactation.

The mixture is given not from a bottle, but from a spoon. This will avoid a situation where the baby will be lazy to suckle the breast if there is more easy option- drink through a pacifier.
Supplementary feeding must be dosed in small portions, that is, the necessary daily volume should be divided several times.
The mixture must be given strictly by the hour. The rest of the time, the need for food is satisfied by the breast.

How to determine that the baby is full of milk?

There are 4 main signs that the little one is full:

he sleeps well, is active during wakefulness;
the baby has a stable stool, not accompanied by bloating or tantrums;
the crumb withstands the intervals between meals, at night they are twice as long;
weekly the child gains weight by 150-200 grams.

During the period when the baby is called a newborn, his development and growth are very fast in comparison with subsequent periods of his life. It is necessary to control the amount of milk eaten by the child, the time and frequency of feeding. Pediatricians have long calculated the approximate norms for the amount of milk for a newborn, after what period of time he wants to eat and how body weight increases over the months, both with breastfeeding and with artificial feeding. Whether the baby is getting enough nutrition can be determined by comparing weight gain with these norms.

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Breast-feeding

The best food for a newborn is breast milk. Its composition is unique and constantly changing, so it the best way suitable for digestive system. Breastfed children are less likely to suffer from anemia, rickets, dysbacteriosis, respiratory and infectious diseases.

Education mother's milk- self-regulating process: how much the child ate, so much milk is produced for the subsequent feeding. Therefore, it is very important in the first days after birth to properly breastfeed the newborn, as the act of sucking stimulates the production of milk. In the first two or three days after birth, a woman produces colostrum, which contains antibodies that protect the baby from diseases. Feeding at night is also very important, given the peak in the formation of hormones responsible for the production of mother's milk.

In a child, the sucking reflex appears already in utero by about the 34th week of pregnancy. On ultrasound examination you can see how he sucks his finger. The volume of the stomach of a newborn is small and initially has a capacity of approximately 20-30 ml. Accordingly, the volume of the first feedings should not exceed these quantities. Having sated, the baby reflexively pushes the mother's nipple out of the mouth - this happens until the second month of life. During the first week after birth, the mother puts the baby to the breast about 10-12 times.

Breastfeeding Evaluation Criteria

There is a certain assessment of criteria for breastfeeding:

1. Posture of the mother during feeding (sitting, on the side, from under the arm, cross cradle, etc.)
2. The appearance of the mother. Pay attention to the woman's age, economic and social status, restless or confident behavior, sociability, to determine her psychological state.
3. The infant's response to feeding. From the first months of life, signs of a child's hunger are that he turns his head, opens his mouth, looks for his mother's breasts, sticks out his tongue, older children turn to the chest and touch it with their hands.
4. Condition and appearance baby. Assess mobility, activity, nutrition, general health children. Sufficient feeding is hindered by nasal congestion, cleft palate and lips, short frenulum.

In the first days after childbirth, a nursing mother should not drink a lot of water. Otherwise, there will be a sharp rush of milk. A woman should not forget about proper and good nutrition.

It is necessary to make sure that feeding becomes an enjoyable process for both. During this period, a bond is formed between mother and child, which is necessary for the baby and gives a sense of security.

First 10-14 days of life: milk norms

The baby grows, develops and increases the volume of his stomach. Therefore, the amount of milk eaten increases. Somewhere on the second day, a newborn should eat about 20 ml of breast milk per feeding, which is 200-260 ml per day. The figure increases to 30 ml on the third day, and the norm per day should be 300-360 ml. The volume of milk received by a newborn is in direct proportion to its weight and height.

For a simple count daily amount milk, which a newborn should eat in the first nine days, there is a formula. It is necessary to multiply the number of days after birth by 70 (with a body weight of 3200 grams or less) or by 80 (with a weight of more than 3200 grams). The daily volume of milk is unchanged from the 10th to the 14th day (as for a nine-day-old baby).

Daily requirement for milk

The most important need of the child in the first months of life is the need for food. Breast milk supplies him nutrients, optimal in composition and density. The risk of allergies is very low and the infant is well tolerated by the gastrointestinal apparatus. Mom's milk is always at the right temperature and at any time at the disposal of the child.

Monthly feeding table:

In order to find out whether a child has eaten a sufficient portion of mother's milk, simple baby scales are needed. It is necessary to weigh the baby before meals and immediately after it, the resulting difference is the amount of milk that he took. For the most accurate result, you need to weigh a couple of times.

The whims of the child, his loud crying for no reason, the lack of weight gain indicate that he lacks breast milk. In such situations, you should supplement the baby with a mixture.

Organization of the diet

Depending on the age of the baby, the characteristics of his body, the volume of breast milk produced, the norm of the child's nutrition is formed. Pediatricians and neonatologists currently recommend using an arbitrary feeding regimen: eating at the request of the child himself, and not at intervals of three hours. In the first three months of life, full-term babies are applied to the breast about 7-8 times a day. Long breaks between feedings allow you to transfer it to 5-6 meals a day.

The duration of one feeding will be approximately 20-30 minutes. It also happens that the child is at the mother's breast for an hour or more. In such a situation, most likely, he just likes the process itself, but the baby should not be allowed to stay on the mother’s chest for a very long time.

With the start of feeding, the baby sucks actively and superficially, which stimulates the production of breast milk. When it enters oral cavity baby, sucking slows down, becomes rhythmic and deep. If smacking is heard during the entire feeding and the rate of sucking is fast, then this indicates that the child does not receive the required amount of milk or is not properly attached to the breast. In a situation of excess milk in a woman, he "chokes" when swallowing. In this case, you need to use an alternative feeding position (the mother lies on her back, the baby is on top).

Features of artificial feeding

IN modern world recommended use for artificial feeding adapted milk mixtures, as close as possible to the composition of breast milk. Compared with cow's milk, in them the volume of essential fatty acids, microelements and vitamins is higher.

The rules for feeding with a mixture are close to those for breastfeeding (the calculation is the same in terms of energy value, the number of feedings per day):

artificial milk is digested more slowly, so the intervals between feedings must be increased.
The baby should receive its mixture when it feels hungry and in the volume that it needs.
The baby should not be overfed. The bottle is easier to suck on than the breast, and during the first days of life, the sucking reflex will develop perfectly.
After eating after a short period of time, the child may cry, there is no need to force him to eat again. Hold your baby upright for a few minutes to expel air from the stomach.

Calculation of the daily portion of the mixture for children under 1 year

For example, you can find the norm of the volume of one portion of feeding for a three-month-old baby weighing 5200 g, using the data in the table. Its weight is divided by six, and the result is the norm of the mixture per day in the amount of 860 ml. The resulting number is divided by six feedings per day. In total, the child needs 140 ml of adapted milk formula in one approach.

IN last years mixtures for medical nutrition. Their basis is different - soy, protein hydrolysates, milk. Conventionally, they are divided into therapeutic, prophylactic and treatment-and-prophylactic.