Beautiful stone fences. The choice of material for the fence. Pros and cons of stone fencing

02.05.2019

Stone fences are the most durable type of fences. But they not only successfully protect the territory, but also allow you to create spectacular decoration site. LLC "Optima" carries out the construction of stone fences in Moscow according to affordable prices. Warranty - from 5 years. We offer new designs according to your original drawings. We carry out the arrangement of reliable strip foundations and the manufacture of any decorative elements for stone fences.

How to calculate the cost of a stone fence?

We are building various options stone fences for every taste. Masonry made of natural material can be made in combination with forged metal elements. Then appearance fence becomes more aristocratic.

The prices of our stone fences will also depend on the design and complexity of the structure you need. Optima's consultants will help you choose the best fencing design for your facility free of charge.

To calculate the current price of a stone fence,. Specialists of IC "Optima" have developed it for you. It's simple and convenient. You can easily calculate the price of a stone fence of a particular design. Mark the material, design features, dimensions you need. The calculation will be ready. We will contact you to transfer the price calculation data for the stone fence.

In addition, there is the possibility of implementing exclusive projects from a variety of stones. Most often, customers choose fencing made of shell rock, cobblestone, sandstone, granite and other natural materials. Each of them has its own advantages, disadvantages and cost. Our manager will inform you about all these nuances.

Production and construction of stone fences

All customers of the company "Optima" can order from us a standard stone fence or design from scratch. We organized the supply of materials and parts from advanced factories. We carry out stone construction ourselves, directly on the site. To do this, we equip the strip foundation, and for installation additional elements use special equipment.

LLC "Optima" specializes in the construction of foundations and stone fences. These reliable designs combine high strength, beauty and practicality.

Our stone fences are modern requirements to the protection systems of any private facility. The production base allows us to produce additional structures with metal elements.

The construction of the stone fence is carried out by SK-Optima teams. You get our turnkey guarantee. We also offer periodic maintenance and repair of stone fences.

A stone fence will look beautiful with our wrought iron gates.

Main advantages

Official guarantee for stone fences. We build reliable stone fences that become the decoration of the site and will last more than 50 years on average.
The construction of turnkey stone fences is carried out by SK-Optima Brigades in as soon as possible. We also provide delivery of all materials. And in the case of stone work, trucks will be required.
Designing stone fences according to individual drawings. Together with our customers, we will create the best appearance of the fence, which will become calling card your house.

How to order and buy a stone fence?

To order a stone fence. The site specialist will clarify the nuances in order to offer the most excellent conditions. We carry out the construction of stone fences of various sizes and with additional options. Call, everything will be of high quality standards and on time.

Our distant ancestors always knew exactly what kind of fence to build around their home. And this is confirmed by numerous archaeological finds - fragments of stone fences. It is this reliable, durable, time-resistant material that is ideal for fencing modern buildings.

Currently, the construction market offers consumers the widest selection materials from which the fence of a private house can be built. In order not to get lost in this variety, first determine for yourself what type of materials you prefer. If the choice is on a stone, you must understand what its strengths and weaknesses are.

Advantages of stone for building a fence:

strength: resistance to impact natural phenomena and to physical impact;
the availability of certain types of stone (for example, cobblestone);
the ability to combine a variety of materials with masonry and create original structures;
a stone fence is very beautiful and increases the status of the owner of the house;
stone fence will serve long years;
fire resistance;
environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages of stone for building a fence:

the complexity of construction;
higher financial costs in comparison with other materials;
the need for a foundation.

Having accepted final decision to build a capital fence of stone, you should choose from two of its types. Distinguish:

fence made of natural (natural) stone;
fence made of artificial (decorative) stone.

Stone fence: varieties of natural materials

Natural stone is quite expensive, so it would be useful to ask what types of stone are common in your area of \u200b\u200bresidence and what properties they have.

Dolomite. Mined in quarries by blasting. This explains the appearance of the material - plates of various thicknesses and sizes. In the future, dolomite is subjected to additional processing and polishing. The undoubted advantage of dolomite is that it can be given absolutely any shape. When erecting a dolomite fence, you can choose both arbitrary and geometric masonry.

Granite. Mined in the form of blocks and plates. The stone has high strength, durability and high water resistance, has a rich color range: black, red-burgundy and white-gray shades. The characteristic granularity of the texture of granite is given by inclusions of various minerals. After processing, it can acquire a different texture - from rough (absorbing light) to polished. It is rarely used in the construction of fences due to the very high cost.

Limestone. This rock is of organic origin, which consists mainly of calcium carbonate. The stone is durable, high-strength, has a homogeneous structure and is easy to process. However, its use in construction is limited by climatic conditions: at low temperatures and high humidity it quickly collapses. The structure of limestone is different:

marble-like (as an intermediate link between limestone and marble);
dense (has a fine-grained structure, frost-resistant forms are found);
porous - consists of individual spherical limestone grains (shell rock, oolitic and pisolithic rocks, and some others belong to the subspecies of porous limestone).

Cobblestone. So called natural stone, which has a rounded shape. Typically, cobblestones are represented by rocks such as diorite, quartzite and basalt. This type of stone is most often used in the construction of fences and barriers. Cobblestone is widely distributed in our country, has natural strength and good workability. It has affordable price compared to other natural stones. Its size varies from a large potato to the size of a watermelon. Larger boulders are called boulders.

Pebble. It is extremely rarely used on its own in the construction of fences due to its very small size. It is a natural stone of a rounded shape, which is formed under the influence of wind and water. Some types of pebbles are produced by crushing and grinding (for example, marble or granite pebbles).

Stone fence: features and varieties of buta

Rubble stone (but) is a large, always not correct form fragments of mountains or rocks. The length of the edge of the rubble stone is from 15 to 50 cm. The rubble is distinguished by the type of stone (limestone, dolomite, cobblestone, sandstone, less often granite) and by strength (low, medium and high).

According to the form, the bottles are divided into:

Flagstone(sawn but). It is a polygonal tile with a rough surface. Its thickness varies from 1 to 7 cm. Plates up to 2.5 cm thick are convenient for building a fence from rubble stone.
Bedded but. It is represented mainly by such rocks as limestone and sandstone. The slabs are over 7 cm thick.
broken stone(wild) - usually a three-dimensional polygonal slab. Thanks to the rough embossed surface and richness colors, ragged stone is often used for the construction of various structures, including fences.

Stone fence: varieties of artificial stone

Artificial (decorative) stone for building a fence is becoming increasingly popular due to the fact that it is much more affordable than natural. But not everyone can distinguish natural stone from high-quality decorative stone in appearance.

There are only 3 main types of artificial stone:

Porcelain stoneware. In its production, clay and mineral additives are used, which are pressed under very high pressure, followed by firing. The finished product most of all resembles ceramic tiles. Possesses durability and resistance to differences of temperatures. External texture varies:

glossy;
matte;
embossed;
glazed.

Agglomerates. The main component for their production is polyester resin. Various fillers in the form of stone chips are added to it: granite, marble, limestone. This type of artificial stone is mainly used for decorating furniture and interior items.
Artificial stone based on concrete. In its production, various fillers from crumbs, pumice, expanded clay, coloring pigments, etc. are used. fake diamond two ways:

vibrocasting method (the mixture is poured into molds resembling an imprint of natural stone, followed by vibrocompaction);
vibrocompression method (a concrete mixture poured into a mold is subjected to vibration and a certain pressure).

The method of vibrocompression based on concrete produces the so-called french stone. A French stone fence is easy to manufacture and build. In fact, the "Frenchman" is a hollow wall block. From above it is covered with waterproof materials. Fences made of such artificial stone are quite durable (serve for 50 years or more), if a high-quality solution was used in their manufacture.

Stages of building a fence made of natural stone

Preparatory stage

drawing up a plan and estimated budget;
determination of the construction site of the fence;
marking the construction site (with the help of a peg, you need to mark the line of the future fence, as well as gates and gates);
purchase of stone and other building materials (including accurate measurements future building).

Foundation laying

Fences made of natural stone are built only on a strip foundation, which is based on brick or reinforced concrete blocks. This is necessary so that the structure, the weight of which is large, turns out to be reliable and durable. The stages of building a foundation for a stone fence are as follows:

dig a trench 35-50 cm wide (15 cm wider than the fence itself) and 70 cm deep (if a fence is planned to be more than 2 meters high, then the depth is increased in the ratio: 10 cm per 1 m of the fence);
determine the location of the supporting pillars (in increments of 2.5-3 m) and erect them using one of the methods described below;
pour crushed stone or sand (3-5 cm) at the bottom of the finished trench;
compact the layer;
lay the frame of reinforcement (diameter 10-14 mm);
install formwork from edged boards (install supports approximately every meter, and lay crossbars on vertical racks);
fill the trench with prepared mortar (grade 300 cement, gravel and sand) or brickwork;
to protect the foundation from moisture, install a blind area (a kind of threshold with a slope from the structure). Water, flowing down the blind area, will not accumulate at the base of the fence;
the foundation should dry for about 2 weeks under the film.

Installation of support poles

Support pillars for a stone fence are no less important part of the construction than the foundation: it is on them that the bulk of the spans will rely. Taking into account the fact that a natural stone fence is a massive structure, it is better to use concrete support pillars:

ready-made supports of factory production;
filling supports, which are special forms for pouring the solution;
independent production of formwork for supporting pillars.

Finished support poles require significant financial investment. They are installed on a pre-prepared brick base directly into the poured concrete.

Block supports do not require large expenditures and are easy to build. They come in different sizes, configurations and textures. In addition, in the construction of block supports it is convenient to conduct a cable for lighting or video surveillance.

Installing concrete poles is easy:

string hollow blocks on the reinforcement bars fixed in the foundation;
fill the cavity with prepared cement mortar;
make sure that the seams between the blocks do not exceed 11 mm;
when the solution hardens - the support column is completely ready.

You can also build support pillars for a stone fence on your own in the following way:

foundation glasses are poured in the trench (concrete cube with a hole in the middle);
reinforcement is installed in the middle and fixed with a solution;
on top of the foundation glass, a prepared square formwork is installed (height and width 30-40 cm);
a layer of stones is laid tightly to each other inside the formwork (flat side out). If necessary, the shape of the stones can be corrected with a hammer;
stones are poured with cement mortar (1 bucket of cement + 3 buckets of sand + ¼ bucket of glue);
actions are repeated up to the selected height of the support column (they should be 15-20 cm higher than the spans);
finished supports are left to dry for 1-2 weeks;
special caps are installed for decoration and removal of precipitation.

span construction

Laying spans is the most crucial stage in the construction of a stone fence:

a solution is prepared from cement and medium-sifted sand in a ratio of 1: 3 (it should be thick enough and not spread);
if it is stones relatively not large sizes, then formwork boards are installed between the supporting pillars;
if the stones are large, a guide thread is pulled between the pillars;
a solution is placed on the foundation;
stones are laid symmetrically on both sides of the span, and the voids between them are filled with mortar;
after laying the first row, he is allowed to dry and harden for a day;
the laying of stones in subsequent rows must necessarily be with dressing (when each upper stone rests on 2 or 3 lower ones, blocking the seams between the lower stones);
for masonry last row stones must be chosen the same in height;
on the top row, a coating is made of slabs (70 mm high) or a screed with concrete mortar.

Stitching

The seams between the masonry are divided into deep and shallow. Deep seams give volume to a stone fence. For the procedure of jointing seams, you must have in stock:

a scraper (a strip of metal 150 mm long, 4 mm thick and 2.5 mm wide, which ends with a “tooth” 20 mm high and 10 mm wide);
foam cuttings;
flat wire brush.

The seams should be embroidered no earlier than 3-4 hours after laying, until the mortar has become too tight:

using a wire brush, the masonry and seams are cleaned of excess bonding mortar;
the grooves of the desired depth are cleaned with a scraper (it will look beautiful rectangular shape grooves);
the process of jointing is completed by washing using pieces of foam rubber, a brush and a solution of 30% hydrochloric acid.

Natural stone fence: photo

Artificial stone fence: photo

Construction of a stone fence: video

Strong, aesthetically pleasing and durable stone fencing can be an excellent protection for your home. To build a stone fence is quite within the power of every resident country house, the main thing is to try hard.

Pros and cons of stone fencing

Stone is one of the most common materials used to build fences. Stone fencing is a weighty argument that buyers take into account when buying a house.

Advantages of stone fences:

Strength. It is quite difficult to break or make a hole in such a fence, without special devices and tools are indispensable, which means that your home will be under good protection.
Durability. A stone fence can last for many years, centuries-old buildings are known, which become architectural monuments. Such fences easily endure adverse weather conditions: heat and cold, winds and rains.
Presentability. Fencing buildings made of stone always catch the eye, because they are beautiful, moreover, they often testify to the wealth of the owners.
Compatibility with other materials. The stone is easily assembled when building a fence with wooden and metal fragments. Often, forged metal delights or wooden elements become decorations for a stone fence.
Fire resistance. A stone fence will become an effective fence against the penetration of fire into the territory of a suburban area from the outside.
Environmental Safety. Stone - natural material, so you can be one hundred percent sure that there are no dangerous effects of stone buildings on human health.
No size restrictions. A stone fence can be built in the dimensions that are necessary according to the design idea, there are no "prohibitions" on the parameters, the stones can be laid out to the required height and width.

For all positive characteristics This material should take into account some of the disadvantages of a stone fence:

High cost. Stone is an expensive material, its installers also value their work not cheap, so a stone fence is a pleasure for wealthy people. It is possible to save money if you build such a fence yourself and collect stones for the construction of the fence.
"Pickiness" of stone structures. Significant weight such buildings implies the presence of a solid foundation under them, therefore, stone structures need a reliable soil foundation, areas with soil vibrations, with nearby groundwater are unacceptable. Reliable and solid foundation - required condition during the construction of a stone fence.
The complexity of the process (the construction of a stone fence requires a lot of time and effort).

Choice of stone material

Having weighed all the pros and cons of stone fencing structures near houses or summer cottages, it is necessary to decide on the material from which the fence will be built.

To build a stone fence, you can use:

cobblestone;
pebbles;
limestone;
sandstone;
dolomite stone;
granite, etc.

Each of the listed materials helps to solve certain problems and, accordingly, is suitable for different protective structures. An important point when choosing a stone is its cost, which can also be different.

Preparatory stages

Like any serious project, building a stone fence with your own hands requires pre-training. First you need to decide on the place and size of the future building, calculate, select and purchase material, acquire the necessary tools. The preparation also includes cleaning and leveling the site for the future fence. Any debris, trees and plants will interfere with the construction of the protective structure.

Based on the cost of the selected material and the dimensions of the fence, we draw up an estimate and figure out whether such construction is within our power. Of course, a self-built stone fence saves the cost of a team of builders. Therefore, we will try to do without hired workers, applying our own strengths and skills.

Area calculation

Measure the width of the tape base of the fence and add eight centimeters on each side. For example, 45 + 16 = 61 cm (0.61 m) - this is the width of the foundation part of the fence.
Measure the length of each side of the fence (from the corner posts). For example, let's take the length of each side - 10 meters.
The base area of each side of the stone fence is calculated as 10 m, multiplied by 0.61 m. It turns out 6.1 m 2.
Further, this figure is multiplied by the number of sides of the fence (usually 4, but there may be options if one of the sides is being built by neighbors, etc.) 6.1 x 4 = 24.4 m².
If the fence is not solid, but there are sections with a gate or garage doors, then subtract their dimensions from the resulting 24.4 m².
When calculating the area, the area of the pillars is also taken into account (if they are also made of stone).

In general, calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of a stone fence is a purely individual matter; every novice builder can cope with this. If you doubt your abilities, contact the specialists who will make all the necessary calculations and draw up a project.

Fence dimensions

Depending on the functions assigned to the stone fence, the acceptable dimensions of this structure are selected. Fences can be low, in which case they play a decorative role rather than a protective one. Some owners use a stone in the fence to decorate their homes, here we are talking about the decorative function of a stone structure around a house or cottage. Such fences can be of completely different sizes and configurations.

The average parameters of a solid solid fence, behind which you can hide from prying eyes, are as follows: height - 2 meters, width of spans between racks - 2.5 meters, width of supporting pillars - half a meter.

Material selection

A fence built of cobblestone will be very durable and retain its natural flavor. However, under natural conditions, the choice of color for such a material is not very rich. You can dream up and arrange the cobblestones according to shades, or you can not go in cycles in color, relying on intuition.

Cobblestone can be acquired by walking through the fields, but it is better to purchase it in specialized stores. Usually they lay out a fence of stone specimens with one flat side, if there is none, then they cut the cobblestone. It is desirable that the cobblestones be approximately the same size. This will greatly speed up and simplify the construction process.

For the construction of complex structures, as well as for the design and strengthening of corners, pebbles and gravel should be taken. These small stones are also suitable for laying out patterns in a stone fence. Fencing entirely from this small stone is rarely made, it is used to fill the metal mesh in the construction of gabions.

Rubble stone is suitable for "playing" with the design. Buta produces unique beautiful spans with a unique configuration. The length of the edges of such stones varies between 55–400 mm, which is what original designers use in their style decisions. Rubble stone can be used both for the construction of the base of the fence, and for its finishing.

Dolomite has a big plus - flat shape, it is obtained during blasting in quarries. Such a stone is more often used as a material for cladding, but its use as the basis of a fence is not excluded.

Limestone fencing is easier to build because it is softer than other stones, but this material is not suitable for building fences in areas with a humid climate. Limestone (shell stone) does not withstand high humidity and low temperatures, and buildings from it begin to quickly collapse. If you nevertheless took this stone as the basis for the construction, then to extend its service, try to process limestone special formulations- hydrophobic agents.

Durable, resistant to sub-zero temperatures material - sandstone. It has been used by builders since ancient times. various works. The advantages of this material are in its multifaceted color shades (there are stones of green-blue, yellow, red, brown colors on sale), which allows them to be used in accordance with design decoration the entire area. During construction, you can take sandstone with a different surface - chipped or polished. Sandstone is often used even when laying the foundation, this is due to its high strength.

Material calculation

Before proceeding to mathematical operations, you need to determine the entire list of necessary materials (in addition to the stone itself):

material for waterproofing;
fittings for poles;
reinforcing bars (d = 10–12 mm);
boards for the construction of formwork;
sand, gravel, cement.

On the Internet resources you can find programs that allow you to calculate required amount materials.

The base of the fence is an expanded area for pillars and "ribbons" between them, filled with concrete. Piles are used to strengthen this structure. An example of the calculation can be seen in the figure below. The calculation algorithm can be as follows:

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of the supporting column - we multiply the values \u200b\u200bof the width, length and height.
The total amount of concrete for the posts will be equal to the area of the foundation of 1 column, multiplied by the number of supports.
The volume of concrete mix for the base of the spans between the posts is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of this part of the fence.
The number of spans, multiplied by the number obtained in the previous paragraph, gives the total volume of concrete to fill all spans.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 to determine the amount of concrete mix for piles.
Adding all the volumes, we find the value of the total amount of concrete for the fence.

Required tool

In order for the work to be argued and not to stop, try to stock up in advance with everything necessary for construction. You will need:

shovels of different types (shovel, bayonet);
concrete mixer (or improvised means that replace it);
sets of containers of various sizes (for concrete, water);
hammers, sledgehammers (for crushing stones, driving piles, etc.);
plumb or level;
roulette;
a device for measuring angles (an ordinary square of large sizes is suitable);
screwdriver, nails, screws;
welding machine (can be replaced with wire) - for fastening reinforcement bars;
stakes and cord (for marking).

Stages of building a stone fence

After the preparatory work you can start building the fence itself. This process is time-consuming and difficult, so you should stock up on patience and perseverance.

Foundation laying

Strip foundation - the basis and guarantee that the fence will last a long time. This structure must be continuous, even in those places where there will be openings (gates, gates, etc.).

The sequence of actions during the construction of the foundation of the fence is as follows:

With the help of a cord and pegs, we mark the future fence. You can use the services of professionals to determine the boundaries and locations of the fence posts.
Fence marking - a necessary stage in the construction of the fence
On the marked area, we dig a trench, the width of which should be 8 centimeters more than the width of the fence on each side. For example, the width of the fence is supposed to be 30 cm, which means that you need to dig a trench 46 cm wide.
We lay a layer of sand at the bottom of the dug hole and tamp it down. From improvised wooden materials (boards, plywood, etc.), we construct a formwork (slightly higher than the proposed strip foundation), lay the reinforcement.
With the help of a special shovel (screw) we make holes for piles up to 70 cm deep and 15 cm wide. We also place sand at the bottom of these recesses and tamp them down.
On top of the sand we pour our gravel 10 cm thick.
On the marked area, we dig a trench, the width of which should be 8 centimeters more than the width of the fence on each side
Then we fill the trench with formwork and piles with a concrete mixture. The reinforcement must be covered with concrete by at least 20 mm. A mandatory action is the compaction of concrete, for this a deep vibrator is used. Concrete should be poured in a continuous stream, at one time, avoiding the separation of this process for several days. Hollow concrete cubes - foundation cups - will help in strengthening the entire fence structure. You can make them yourself, or you can buy them ready-made, but you will have to pay a fairly large amount.
After pouring, we withstand more than a week, while it is desirable to build a blind area - to protect the foundation. You can use sheets of roofing material or thick polyethylene. Periodic moistening of the poured foundation will give the structure additional strength and protect it from cracking.
After the concrete has hardened, remove the formwork and clean upper layer foundation from debris and dirt.
The poured concrete is covered with roofing material

Stone preparation

While the foundation is going through the solidification stage, you can not waste time and prepare the stone. Sorting, cleaning and drying of material are mandatory manipulations during construction. If the stones are too convex, their surface is cut off with a hammer and other tools, trying to give them a flat shape.

More large stones set aside for the installation of support racks, small specimens are prepared for use in the construction of spans. You can also disassemble the stones by color, dividing suitable color shades into groups.

Pole installation

The rigidity of the structure and its reliability largely depend on the supporting pillars. Racks are installed on concrete bowls that were built earlier. Support poles can be built different ways. It is convenient to use sliding formwork for these purposes (a box of boards required dimensions, no bottom). This formwork is located in such a way that the channel is in the middle, then the solution is poured.

The following manipulations are repeated for each row of stones:

select stones of the right size;
they are laid tightly against the walls of the formwork;
take out the stacked stones;
prepare a solution;
stones are laid and fixed with mortar.

Watch the solution carefully - it should not be too liquid. When the formwork is filled to the end with rows of stones with mortar, you need to “build up” the formwork by placing a second wooden box without a bottom on the first one and fastening them with self-tapping screws. All actions are repeated until the second box is filled. Then you need to wait at least a day for the resulting part of the column to dry out, and continue this process until the support is built to the desired height. The first part of the formwork must be removed, leaving the second, and the third level of support must be attached to it, etc. Mortar must be added to the seams between the stones (cement - 1 part, sand - 3 parts). Excess solution and dirt must be removed foam sponge dipped in water.

Photo gallery: installation steps for supporting fence posts

The first stage of the installation of pillars: the stones are placed in a sliding formwork and poured with mortar After pouring concrete and gaining strength, the formwork is disassembled and rises higher - so that it Bottom part a few centimeters covered the top of the already cast column The final stage: the post is molded to the desired height

Stone laying

In parallel with the installation of pillars, it is possible to carry out work on laying stones in spans. Optimal size stones - 20–25 cm. The sequence of actions is as follows:

Apply cement mortar to the base of the foundation (cement:sand = 1:3).
Lay out the first row of stones, turning them flat side up.
Between the stones, pour a solution into which you can add a color scheme of a certain color. To avoid hardening of the solution, these manipulations are carried out quickly, without rest.
After laying one row, give it time to harden and only after that continue laying the stones.

Video: building a stone fence

Tips from seasoned builders:

When working with the solution, make sure that its particles do not fall on the front of the stones. If you notice the solution on the stones, then it must be urgently removed, preventing hardening. If, nevertheless, areas of stones with a hardened solution have formed, use a metal brush mounted on a drill to remove it.
Start laying out spans from the outer borders.
Use a cord or rope stretched from the beginning to the end of the span - for orientation in laying rows of stones, so that the fence is smooth, without distortions.
Use dressing - laying the stones of the upper row with support from the stones of the second or third underlying row.
To get a smooth edge of the fence, select stones of the same height for the last row. The same result can be achieved by applying a cement screed.

There is an old way of laying stone that does not require mortar. In this case, the building will not be fragile, as it might seem at first glance. If you are interested in this method - watch the video on this topic.

Video: laying stone without mortar

Completion of stone fence construction

To make your structure look neat and not look like a pile of stones, you need to give it a finished look. For this, stitching is done. The solution fills the seams between the stones at different depths, due to which it is possible to achieve a decorative look of the fence.

The most convenient time for such manipulations is 3-4 hours after laying the stones, later it will be more difficult to do this, because the solution will become tight and less pliable. For jointing, use trowels, scrapers, a metal brush, foam rubber and hydrochloric acid solution (30%), do not forget about safety precautions and put on rubber gloves. To divert excess liquid, special caps are put on the pillars.

Decorating a stone fence is a purely individual matter. Can add decorative elements from wood, forged fragments, drawings from small stone, giving the fence a special beauty and originality.

Building a stone fence with your own hands is a long and laborious process, but the result will please its creator and everyone around. Try to build a stone fence yourself and you will not regret it!

Thinking about the construction of the fence, the first thing to do is to decide on the material. And if the main criteria are stability, durability and strength, then stone is the best option.

Fences made of stone have been known since ancient times.

These were real mighty walls that could withstand not only the onslaught of bad weather, but also delay the enemy.

It is quite possible to build it with your own hands. In addition, you will receive not only protection against unwanted penetration, but also beautiful element landscape design.

Advantages and types of stone fences

Why should you opt for this type of fencing?

Because its advantages are as follows:

the service life is practically unlimited and will depend more on the quality of the mortar that is used for its construction than on the stone;
stone is a natural material, and, therefore, it is environmentally friendly and safe for others and nature;
a wide range of prices depending on the type of stone;
has increased fire safety;
install it under the force even alone;
his outer kind of fit for almost any style and harmoniously fit into the surrounding landscape.

Stone fences can be classified.

There are the following types of natural stone used for the construction of site fencing:

by the most inexpensive option is a natural stone such as cobblestone or boulder stone . Although it is cheap, its strength is very high. Of course, you can save a lot by collecting it yourself in the fields. But it will be a gray gloomy color, but they do not argue about tastes. But it is better to choose a red-brown cobblestone. It has a rounded shape, which will give the fence some roughness. If you want to have a smooth surface, then the stone must be broken with a sledgehammer to get a flat surface on the chip. Keep in mind the security measures. The cost of such material for 1 kg is approximately 4 rubles.
The most rarely used materials are pebbles of different fractions and gravel. . Usually also choose red-brown color. They are used less often due to the fact that it is a small material. Most often, to give such a fence strength, the corners and the base are made of brick. And in general, the fence made of brick and stone looks interesting. The price is 10-15 rubles. for 1 kg.
Dolomite stone - flat, has different size, shape and thickness, are mined in quarries where rocks are blown up.
Limestone has several varieties . This is a shell rock, marble-like, bryozoan. Price for 1 sq. m of cladding is about 250 rubles. In addition, it is a soft rock that is very easy to work with, but there is a drawback - it absorbs moisture and collapses in a cold and damp climate, so the stone must first be treated with a water repellent.
Sandstone has been used for a very long time, and it is also quite popular. . It is durable, tolerates frost well, moisture resistant. It can have a polished surface (mostly not used in summer cottage construction), hewn. It can also be chipped material.
The rubble stone has an irregular shape , the length of the rib is from 15 to 50 cm. It is obtained from dolomites, sandstones and limestones. Used for both construction and cladding.

You can also choose whether it will be a wild stone or a processed one.

AT recent times popularity began to gain artificial stone. It is cheaper than natural and in its essence is ordinary concrete, which has been given the appearance of a natural material. Its service life is about 50 years, the durability is slightly reduced when the fence is located in a low place or next to the road.

If you are not a specialist, then it is almost impossible to distinguish such a stone from a natural one. In the goods market, you can find an artificial stone of any color and texture (smooth, chipped, rough, torn stone, and others).

The so-called French stone has become widely used.. It is produced using a special machine, the principle of which you can see in the video.

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Thus, you can save a lot on building material. This type of cinder block received the greatest popularity in the Crimea and competed with the shell rock.

How to make a stone fence with your own hands?

If you decide to build a fence from natural materials, you should know that this is a slow process, rather laborious and difficult.

The construction technology is as follows:

we mark the future fence;
laying the foundation;
erecting a railing.

It would seem that everything is simple, but let's look at the above steps in more detail.

First stage does not depend on the material used and is performed the same for all types of site fencing. First, we make a preliminary drawing, determine the length of the fence, calculate the amount of materials needed, depending on the design height. Also, in parallel, we determine the level of heights on all sides of the site.

Building a stone fence involves the construction of a sufficiently strong foundation, tape, with the laying of a frame of reinforcing bars, with waterproofing. Then, after a few days, formwork is made for the construction of supporting pillars. It is better to make it from boards, the size is the same as that of the pillar. Then we install the formwork on the foundation, fasten it to the grillage and perform the masonry.

If you are making from cobblestone, then try to pick up stones of the same diameter (preferably 20-30 cm). We make a solution for fastening elements as follows: mix cement with sand (sifted, medium, without clay impurities) in a ratio of 1:3. You can add a brown dye for beauty (4 tablespoons per 10 buckets). The mixture should not be liquid, spread. In the course of work, the shape of the stone can be adjusted with a hammer.

We put the mortar on the foundation, then we place the stones on it with the flat side outward, tightly fitting them to each other. All the voids that have formed must be carefully sealed with a solution, avoiding its contact with the front surface of the stone, because it is quite difficult to clean the hardened mixture and a metal brush is used for this. The main thing is not to use water at the same time, as there is a risk of its penetration along with cement into the stone, which will lead to the loss of its natural color (it will turn gray).

Having finished laying the first row, they start the second only a day later as the solution must harden. And until you finish the row completely, you can’t stop working. But if nevertheless suspended, then you need to constantly water the masonry so that it does not freeze.

After completing the construction of the fence canvas and after cleaning the stones, you can do the jointing, which will give the fence volume and attractiveness. This is done with a narrow spatula to a depth of about 1-1.5 cm.

Above the gate for beauty, you can make an arch. It takes a specialist about 40 days to work a 100 m fence, a little faster - from dolomite, sandstone, limestone, since they are easier to process. If you decide to do everything yourself, it is better to call a few helpers.

You have bought or acquired land. The first thing any owner does, even before building a house, is to build at least a symbolic, and more often a capital and high fence to mark the territory and hide from prying eyes. It’s good if your site or house is in a village where good neighborly relations are still preserved. And if you settled in a new holiday village, where no one knows anyone yet and there are a lot of work crews of unknown origin around, then a high fence is the only guarantee of your safety. But in this case, its cost can be compared with the cost of the house itself.

There is a theory that the fence is an expression of the character of its owner. An open wattle fence is as different from a three-meter brick bastion as a gullible extrovert from a pragmatic unsociable person.

There is a third point: the attitude towards the owner that has developed over the centuries according to the height of his fence. If the fence is high and impenetrable, then either you are a good zealous owner, or you have something to hide.

The stone fence is traditional. It is better than any other fence to block the path of an intruder, it is beautiful and looks dignified. It's easy to make, the rules are simple. The main thing is to choose the right stone, place, height, style of the fence. If stone fencing is chosen, then the decision is clear.

Advantages and disadvantages of using stone for fence construction

pros

This is a natural environmentally friendly material, it looks expensive and beautiful. It organically fits into almost any landscape, combined with any design of the house and adjoining buildings. It is practically eternal and absolutely fireproof. A fence of any reasonable (and unreasonable) height can be built from stone - the foundation would be strong and the thickness would be sufficient. The selected stone can be combined with forging, wood, other stone.

Minuses

Such a fence is very expensive, it requires the help of professionals or your solid training. Any stone fence, regardless of the type of stone chosen, requires a serious foundation. The stone may need additional processing (cutting, grinding) on site, and hydrophobization.

A few simple design rules

A fence is part of the landscape or landscape that surrounds your home. It must be in harmony with the house, flowers, trees, garden furniture, design of reservoirs. If you have a design house, then the same design decision should have both the main fence and small house fences.
It is advisable to choose the type of stone that is typical for the area where your house is located. First, the logistics will be easier and cheaper. Secondly, there are probably a lot of buildings made of the same stone in the area, and your fence will look organic.
It is believed that in color scheme both the house and the fence should not have more than three colors.
High opaque fences are good if the house is in a crowded place or near the road. The height should be such that only the first floor of your house is not visible.
Should be one style decision at the roof of your house - and at the visor of the gate and the roof (drip) of the fence.
The gate and gate are a very important accent in the fence. They should also fit into a single style decision of the estate.
Greenery planted inside and outside the fence will decorate it, visually facilitate the design. For a stone fence, ivy or tall plants, climbing roses or wild roses are good.
Inside, along the perimeter of the site, it is good to design a walking path along the fence, planting it with flowers and bushes.
If the site is large and the path is long, it is good to place gazebos or benches there.

Types and selection of stone

There are a lot of varieties of stone fences: this and river stone, and sandstone, and shell rock, and granite, and dolomite, and even pebbles in wire frame from the grid. There are also fences, which are combinations of different options - different types stones in one fence, stone with wood in any combination, stone with metal corrugated board, stone with forged or mesh inserts, and so on.

Boulders, cobblestones. Such a fence is relatively inexpensive. Large boulders and cobblestones are laid on a large number of solution. They are usually yellow-gray in color, rounded. Such a fence will perfectly fit into any design of the territory. On such fences climbing plants and moss take root with pleasure, which is very beautiful. In addition, boulder stone can be used for landscape design - to build alpine hills for flowers, to pave paths with it, to line the banks of reservoirs. And then your site will be solved in a single artistic style.
Fence from river boulders
A pebble having a flat round or oval shape, due to its smaller size (from 1 to 15 centimeters in diameter) is more often used in gabion nets. It's quite a budget option stone fence - but not very pretty. If you try hard, you can put the pebbles on the solution in the form of a fence, having previously built the formwork. Or veneer a fence made of brick or other stone.
Fence lined with pebbles
Gravel - fine fraction rock. It is also used in gabion meshes and concrete poured fences. It is always included in the composition of the mortar for any foundation of a stone fence, and before pouring the foundation it is filled up and tamped into the pit.
regular gravel
Marble is the most expensive material for building a fence. Therefore, you will not see a marble fence anywhere, but the marble cladding of a fence built from another stone - yes. Although it is also very expensive. Smooth, so it is poorly fixed with mortar during masonry.
Fence lined with marble and travertine
Dolomite is similar to marble, but not with such a pronounced color and pattern. It is much cheaper, but also much more hygroscopic than marble, therefore, before laying, it requires pre-treatment with special compounds, which is called hydrophobization. It also has a non-porous, smooth surface. Dolomite fences are very beautiful.
Dolomite before processing
Granite is solidified magma. The most durable material among stones for construction, frost-resistant and heat-resistant. But it is also very expensive, therefore, like marble, it is often used for facing the fence. It comes in black, brown, gray and dark red.
Unpolished granite blocks for construction
Sandstone is also heat-resistant and quite durable. In terms of strength, it is much inferior to marble and granite. It is easy to cut and process, therefore, as a rule, it goes on sale in the form of regular-shaped parallelepipeds. Its colors are yellow, gray-green, the color of burnt clay. It also requires hydrophobization.
Sandstone blocks cut for construction
Travertine - calcareous tuff. Very beautiful, used for construction and cladding. Similar in properties and appearance to sandstone, but better in properties.
Wall cladding with travertine
Limestone, aka shell rock. Formed by the remains of marine organisms, on the cut, shell imprints or the shells themselves are clearly visible. Cuts like limestone. Poorly resistant to temperature extremes and moisture, also requires hydrophobization. More often it is used not for construction, but for decoration.
Shell rock blocks
Butovy stone. Natural stone volcanic origin of irregular shape, distributed and mined near Rostov. One of the most popular materials: beautiful, reliable, adheres well to any solution. Booth is divided into three types according to its shape: sawn, or flagstone, a polygonal flat stone with a thickness of 1 to 7 centimeters with a rough surface; and a torn stone - not flat, but voluminous, with a thickness of more than 7 centimeters.
Unsorted rubble stone
Fake diamond. There are several types. Porcelain stoneware is obtained by vibrating clay with the addition of paint and stone filler. Then it is fired in muffle furnaces. It is glossy, matte, embossed and glazed, and practically does not differ in appearance from natural stone, but much cheaper.
Marble stoneware wall cladding

The agglomerate is made from polyester resin with stone filler. Visually does not differ from natural, but much easier and cheaper.

Wall cladding with agglomerate

Artificial concrete stone made of concrete with filler. The cheapest and not very high quality looking artificial stone.

Facing with concrete artificial stone
Pergon or gabion. it french word it just means “stones in a grid” - a metal mesh structure filled with stones. Stones can be of any type, but relatively small ones are more often used for this purpose. Pergons - ready-made modules-boxes from a grid with stones; the fence is simply assembled, like a constructor, with the help of a truck crane. The gabion is mounted on site in the entire required length of the fence.
Designer pergons with stones of different colors

Photo gallery: a combination of different types of stone and other materials in fences

Fence made of stone with wrought iron inserts Sawn limestone fence with palisade Fence made of stone with wooden shields Fence made of dolomite, pebbles and cobblestones Buta fence with wrought iron inserts Buta fence with bricks Dolomite fence with plastered and painted insert Gabion fence with an empty strip planted with greenery rubble fence with boards Stone fence with Italian plaster insert Gabion fence with grooved mesh Booth and dolomite Stylization under the English fence Cobblestone, brick, picket fence Rubble stone with corrugated board

How to make a stone fence with your own hands

Training

Reference consumption of materials per 1 cubic meter of stone masonry

Approximate consumption of stone per cubic meter of fence, depending on the type of masonry

The approximate ratio of the amount of stone and mortar, depending on the density of laying when laying without gravel backfill.

The approximate ratio of the amount of stone, gravel (or fuel slag for backfill) and mortar, depending on the density of laying when masonry with gravel backfill.

materials

Tools

Construction stages

We mark the territory with twine and pegs.
We mark the future fence on the territory
We dig a trench under the strip foundation. There is a rule: the width of the pit is 15 centimeters larger than the thickness of the future fence; its depth is 70–80 centimeters for a fence up to two meters high. If the fence is higher, then the trench is made deeper: 10 centimeters for every extra meter of height.
3D foundation modeling
We determine the place of the supporting pillars, they should stand every 2.5–3 meters. Without such pillars, the structure will be much less durable. Concrete pillars are poured independently.
An example of a foundation and supports scheme

But there is an alternative - ready-made concrete-block supports. Electric wires can be placed in such hollow poles to illuminate the fence.

Hollow block for support post
At the bottom of the trench, we tamp rubble or gravel 3–5 centimeters thick.
We lay reinforcement there (section from 8 to 14 millimeters).
We assemble the formwork from the boards so that the foundation after pouring is 10 centimeters above the ground.
Formwork collected in a trench
We mix the concrete, if possible, immediately over the entire trench.
Mixing concrete with a special "mixer"
Fill the trench with concrete.
We lay waterproofing (roofing material) on top of the concrete.
In the places marked for the supports, we fasten the reinforcing structures for the supports in concrete.
We put concrete support blocks on the reinforcement.
Fill holes in concrete blocks with concrete. The supports become monolithic.
You can not use ready-made blocks. In this case, a square sliding formwork is mounted according to the shape of the pillars. Reinforcement is placed inside and cobblestones are successively placed.