Calendar of preventive vaccinations for children: terms and features of vaccination.
The 2016 vaccination calendar for Russia (table) has changed a little this year, and it is vaccinations that worry parents who care about their children. There are not only the main vaccinations that are given at birth in without fail, but also seasonal vaccines that help avoid infection with the flu and other serious illnesses.
If you look at the table that is given in many articles, you can see that there are small changes in vaccinations, these changes are more likely to concern school-age children.
Vaccines against group B hepatitis should deserve special attention. It is worth taking a closer look at such a vaccination schedule for 2016 in Russia (new table) so as not to miss a single vaccination that is due to the child. It is this list of vaccinations that is issued to all pediatricians in the country so that they can prescribe preventive and necessary vaccinations for newborns and older children, and the calendar is also sent to kindergartens and schools. However, in this calendar there may be small changes during the year, this can happen if there is an outbreak of any disease in a certain area.
In the current year, a new calendar vaccinations 2016 for Russia, you can download the table on any medical site. When the experts made new list vaccinations, they took into account the number dangerous infections how often children get sick with certain diseases, mothers who can become carriers of the virus and can transmit the disease to their child are also taken into account. Since last year many children had a hard time with the flu, several major changes were made to the current calendar, which were determined due to epidemiological indications.
Most often, doctors pay special attention to the list of vaccines for children who are not yet one year old, because it is in the first year of life that the child receives the most a large number of vaccination. If a woman has a 2016 vaccination calendar in Russia with a table, then mantoux, DTP and other types of vaccinations will be given to the child on time. The term of each vaccination is set according to all the rules, so the doctor and parents should monitor each vaccination, only with the correct vaccination, the child will be able to get good immunity.
As mentioned earlier, parents should pay special attention to such a calendar if their child is not yet one year old, since the child's immunity cannot yet work in full force, which means that the baby is easily amenable to various diseases. Every year, various changes are made to such a calendar, so parents should consider the 2016 vaccination calendar for Russia (table), the order for which was released in the new year, since the old list of vaccines is not suitable for the current year.
But I would like to say that the already established vaccinations do not change their schedule, which means that each child will receive this type of vaccine every year. If a child is born in the current year, then he is vaccinated according to the current schedule.
Special vaccination table that is valid this year
The first vaccination the child receives on the first day of his life, the vaccine is called "Vaccination against hepatitis B". Most often, such a vaccination is given to absolutely all children, if there are no contraindications for vaccination. IN special group children whose parents have become carriers of group B hepatitis are included, and the child is urgently vaccinated if the mother has already had hepatitis of this group. If the mother does not have any test results, or the woman does not have a card with the results of the examination, then the newborn is immediately given an injection against hepatitis B.
The next vaccination will be given to the child by the family doctor around the third day of his life, this is the vaccination against serious illness- tuberculosis. This vaccine is quite easily tolerated by the infant, as it is specially designed for the child in the first days of life, so that the immunity of the newborn begins to develop. Vaccination is mandatory if the mother was sick with this disease during pregnancy, or if there were people infected with tuberculosis next to the newborn.
The first and second months of a baby's life are spent in the development of its immune system, at this age the second and third vaccines against hepatitis B are given. This is especially true for children who are at risk.
When an infant is three months old, he receives vaccines for diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus. Most often they are done all together, since the child tolerates this type of vaccination quite easily. At the age of three months to six months, a baby can be vaccinated against a hemophilic infection, this is described in the 2016 vaccination calendar for Russia, a table with an email and the name of the vaccine can be found on medical websites.
Far from all children are given such a vaccination, if the child’s immune system is disrupted, the baby has defects in anatomical structure body, also if the child has HIV infection or the mother was a carrier. This type of vaccine is intended for children who study in closed schools and kindergartens, as well as various boarding schools for raising children.
At the age of four to five months, the baby can receive the first polio vaccine, such a vaccine is given only in accordance with all the rules and after a complete examination of the child. Another vaccine at this age is injections for tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough, these vaccines can only be given to a child if the baby was vaccinated at three months. Children at risk should receive their own vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae, especially babies who suffer from tuberculosis, mental illness, with various mental disorders, with problems in the skeletal system.
Such a vaccination is only given if the child was vaccinated at the age of three months. In the 2016 vaccination calendar for Russia, the table for adults is presented in an honorable enough way so that every mother can easily determine the moment when a child needs vaccination. Also during this period, the child should receive another polio vaccine, as this will help to immune system baby stronger.
As soon as the child is six months old, parents should visit the pediatrician to give the child a few more routine vaccinations, for example, the baby needs to be given vaccines for whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, but such a vaccination is given if the baby has already received his first vaccinations in aged three months and four and a half. If you follow the 2016 vaccination calendar for Russia (table from Wikipedia), then you can not make a mistake with the time of vaccination of your child.
At the age of one year, the child should receive several more vaccines, first the baby is vaccinated against measles and rubella, and then against mumps. These diseases are very dangerous, so it is worth giving the child a vaccine so as not to endanger the child.
Of course, these are far from all the vaccines that should be given to the baby, but the most important types of vaccines have already been described in this article.
The content of the article:The vaccination calendar for 2017 is the same as in 2016 with minor amendments from June 16, 2016, and is determined by order of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 N 125n "On the approval of the national calendar preventive vaccinations and a calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications". The vaccination table is relevant for the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
National calendar of preventive vaccinations for children for 2017 in Russia
| Type of vaccination | Child's age | Notes |
| First vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Carried out to a newborn in the first day of life | The injection is given in the hospital intramuscularly into the child's shoulder or thigh. Written consent is required for vaccination of the mother. |
| Tuberculosis vaccination (BCG-M) | It is carried out for a newborn on the 3-7th day of life | The injection is done in the maternity hospital intradermally into the left shoulder. Written consent is required for vaccination of the mother. Other vaccinations can be carried out no earlier than 1 month after BCG. |
| Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Conducted to a child after 1 month from birth | If the dates were shifted, then 1 month after the first. Vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent mother. The injection is administered intramuscularly in the shoulder or thigh of the child. |
| First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus (DTP) | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The child must be perfectly healthy and a month must pass after the illness. The injection is carried out intramuscularly in the shoulder, thigh or under the shoulder blade. Children under one year old are most often done in the thigh. | |
| First polio vaccination | Conducted to a child at 3 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The polio vaccine is given on the same day as DPT. Inactivated polio vaccine is given subcutaneously under the shoulder blade or in the upper arm, and may also be given intramuscularly in the thigh. Vaccines are purchased abroad, so find out in advance about its availability at the clinic. Vaccination is carried out three times with an interval of 45 days. |
| First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Conducted to a child at 3 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccine is given on the same day as the DPT and polio vaccine. It is injected intramuscularly into the thigh or shoulder, but it must be the other arm or leg that has not yet been injected. |
| Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus (DTP) | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother 45 days after the first vaccination. The injection is administered intramuscularly in the shoulder, thigh or under the shoulder blade. | |
| Second polio vaccination | Conducted to a child at 4.5 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The polio vaccination is given on the same day as the DPT, 45 days after the first vaccination. The injection is performed subcutaneously in the upper arm, under the shoulder blade or intramuscularly in the thigh. |
| Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Conducted to a child at 4.5 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. Hemophilus influenzae vaccination is carried out on the same day as DPT, 45 days after the first vaccination. The injection is given intramuscularly in the thigh or upper arm, but it must be in the other arm or leg that has not yet been injected. |
| Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus (DPT) | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother 45 days after the second vaccination. The injection is administered intramuscularly in the shoulder, thigh or under the shoulder blade. | |
| Third polio vaccination | Carried out to a child at 6 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The polio vaccination is given on the same day as the DPT, 45 days after the second vaccination. The live oral polio vaccine is instilled into the mouth on the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. Drinking and eating during the hour is strictly prohibited. |
| Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Carried out to a child at 6 months | The vaccination is done in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. Vaccination is carried out on the same day as DTP 45 days after the second vaccination. The injection is administered intramuscularly in the thigh or shoulder. |
| Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Carried out to a child at 6 months | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 6 months after the first vaccination. The injection is given intramuscularly in the upper arm or thigh. |
| Vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) | Conducted to a child at 1 year old | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother. The injection is given subcutaneously in the thigh or upper arm. |
| First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother one year after the vaccination is completed. The methods of administration are the same. | |
| First revaccination against polio | Conducted to a child at 18 months | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother together with DTP. The live oral polio vaccine is instilled into the mouth on the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. Drinking and eating during the hour is strictly prohibited. |
| Second revaccination against polio | Conducted to a child at 20 months | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 2 months after the first revaccination with a live oral polio vaccine. |
| Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Conducted to a child at 6 years old | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 6 months after vaccination. The main condition for the use of the vaccine is the absence of a history of past diseases: measles, rubella, mumps up to 6 years. The method of administration is the same. |
| Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus (ADS) | Conducted to a child aged 6-7 years | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 5 years after the first revaccination. The injection is administered intramuscularly under the shoulder blade. |
| Revaccination against tuberculosis | Conducted to a child at 7 years old | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and the written consent of the mother in case of a negative Mantoux reaction. The injection is administered intradermally into the left shoulder. |
| Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 7 years after the second revaccination. The injection is administered intramuscularly under the shoulder blade. | |
| Third revaccination against polio | Conducted to a teenager at the age of 14 | Vaccination is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician and written consent of the mother 12 years 2 months after the second revaccination. The live oral polio vaccine is instilled onto the surface of the palatine tonsils to build up immunity. Do not drink or eat within an hour after vaccination. |
Vaccination against pneumococcal infection
In addition to the above vaccinations from January 1, 2015 in Russian calendar childhood preventive vaccinations, a vaccination against pneumococcal infection. All children from 2 months to 5 years of age are subject to vaccination. In the Russian Federation, the Prevenar vaccine is used for this purpose.
Vaccination schedules with Prevenar vaccine
■ The child is vaccinated for the first time at 2 months, then again after 2 months. Revaccination is performed at 12-15 months, that is, 4-5 months after the end of the double vaccination.
■ When carrying out the first vaccination after the child's year, the vaccine is administered twice with an interval of 2 months. Revaccination in this case is not carried out.
■ If the vaccine was not given before 2 summer age, then it is carried out once and revaccination is not required.
The drug is administered intramuscularly in the thigh, it is compatible with all other vaccinations, that is, it can be done on the same day with other vaccines.
Rubella vaccination
Due to the increase in the number of cases of rubella infection in 2016 compared to 2015, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation made changes to the National Calendar of Preventive Immunizations and the Calendar of Preventive Immunizations for Epidemic Indications (Position as amended by the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated June 16, 2016 N 370n). In 2017, it will be mandatory to vaccinate and revaccinate against rubella:
All children from 1 to 18 years of age;
Women from 18 to 25 years old.
When carrying out vaccination against rubella or revaccination, the interval between the first and second vaccinations should be at least 3 months.
Measles vaccination
Also, in addition to the vaccination calendar dated June 16, 2016, mandatory vaccination and revaccination against measles is introduced. following groups population:
Children from 1 to 18 years of age;
Adults aged 18 to 35 inclusive (not ill, not vaccinated, vaccinated
once, who do not have information about vaccinations against measles);
Adults from 36 to 55 years of age, inclusive, belonging to risk groups (employees
medical and educational organizations, organizations of trade, transport, communal and social sphere; persons working on a rotational basis and employees of state control bodies at checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation), not sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once, having no information about measles vaccinations.
When carrying out vaccination against measles or revaccination, the interval between the first and second vaccinations should be at least 3 months.
The measles and rubella vaccine is given on the same day.
Is it possible to refuse vaccinations
In accordance with Article 5 federal law No. 157 and order No. 229 confirming it, citizens of Russia may refuse to carry out preventive vaccinations in writing.
What are the consequences of not vaccinating a child?
There is a high probability of falling ill with those diseases for which vaccinations were not made, and in a more severe form and with complications, unlike vaccinated children, who can also get sick, but the disease is easily transferred.
The child may not be accepted into children's educational and health institutions, including in Kindergarten especially during the period of the threat of an epidemic and the unfavorable situation in the region for these diseases, such as tuberculosis.
Entry to countries that require certain vaccinations in accordance with international agreements and medical conditions may be closed. sanitary regulations.
Table: national vaccination calendar for 2017
In this article, you will learn what vaccinations and at what age your child should be given.
Ministry health care annually reviews and approves the vaccination calendar. Changes are made depending on epidemiological situation in the country. In the 2016 calendar a fourth hepatitis B vaccination was added.
Table: Immunization schedule for children under 14 years of age 2016
| Children's age | The name of the vaccine | Order of conduct | Note (off schedule) |
| Newborns in the first days of life | First vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for newborns, including those from risk groups: those born from mothers carrying HBsAg; patients with viral hepatitis B or who had viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy; not having test results for hepatitis B markers; drug addicts, in families in which there is a carrier of HBsAg or a patient with acute viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis (hereinafter referred to as risk groups). | |
| Newborns on the 3rd - 7th day of life | Tuberculosis vaccination | It is administered to newborns with vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis (for gentle primary immunization) in accordance with the instructions for their use. In the subjects of the Russian Federation with incidence rates exceeding 80 per 100 thousand of the population, as well as in the presence of tuberculosis patients in the environment of a newborn - a vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis. | |
| Children at 1 month | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B | , including those at risk. | 1 month after the first |
| Children at 3 months | First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group | |
| First polio vaccination | |||
| Children from 3 to 6 months. | First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk: with immunodeficiency states or anatomical defects, leading to acute heightened danger Hib disease; with oncohematological diseases and / or long-term receiving immunosuppressive therapy; HIV-infected or born to HIV-infected mothers; located in closed preschool institutions (orphanages, orphanages, specialized boarding schools (for children with psycho-neurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and recreational institutions). | A course of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae for children aged 3 to 6 months. consists of 3 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. For children who have not received the first vaccination at 3 months, immunization is carried out according to the following scheme: for children aged 6 to 12 months. from 2 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. for children from 1 to 5 years of age, a single injection of 0.5 ml |
| Children at 4.5 months | Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | 45 days after the first vaccination | |
| Second polio vaccination | Administered with polio vaccines (inactivated) according to instructions for use | ||
| Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received the first vaccination at 3 months. | ||
|
Children at 6 months |
Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | |
| Third polio vaccination | . Children in closed preschool institutions (orphanages, orphanages, specialized boarding schools for children with psychoneurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and recreational institutions, according to indications, are vaccinated three times with vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis (inactivated) | ||
| Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who do not belong to risk groups who received the first and second vaccinations at 0 and 1 months. respectively |
After 6 months after the start of vaccination |
|
| Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | 45 days after the second vaccination | |
| Children at 12 months | Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group | |
| Fourth hepatitis B vaccination | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk | Innovation 2016 | |
| Children at 18 months | First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group | One year after completion of vaccination |
| First revaccination against polio | Administered to children in this age group with vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis (live) in accordance with the instructions for their use | After 2 months after completed vaccination | |
| Revaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Revaccinations are carried out once for children vaccinated in the first year of life in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines. | ||
| Children at 20 months | Second revaccination against polio | Administered to children in this age group with vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis (live) in accordance with the instructions for their use | After 2 months after the first booster |
| Children at 6 years old | Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who have received vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | 6 years after vaccination |
| Children at 6-7 years old | Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | 5 years after the first revaccination | |
| Children at 7 years old | |||
| Children under 14 | Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of toxoids with a reduced content of antigens for children of this age group | 7 years after the second revaccination |
| Third revaccination against polio | Administered to children in this age group with vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis (live) in accordance with the instructions for their use | ||
| Revaccination against tuberculosis | It is administered to tuberculin-negative children of this age group not infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis with vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis in accordance with the instructions for their use. | Children with a negative Mantoux reaction | |
| Children from 2 months up to 5 years | Vaccination against pneumococcal infection |
It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines annually for these categories of citizens. Prevenar vaccine is used. In the first year of life, vaccination is carried out twice with an interval of at least 2 months, starting from 2 months, revaccination - at 12-15 months. The minimum interval between vaccination and revaccination is 4 months. If vaccination with this vaccine is carried out after 12 months - the vaccine is given twice with an interval of 2 months, revaccination is not required. After 2 years of age, Prevenar is vaccinated once, revaccination is not required. |
Russian vaccination calendar 2016 for children under one year old
As we can see from the table, children under one year old should be vaccinated against the following diseases:
- viral hepatitis B
- tuberculosis
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- poliomyelitis
- measles, rubella, mumps
- hemophilic infection
- pneumococcal infection
Russian vaccination calendar 2016 for children under 3 years old
Children from one to three years of age should be revaccinated against the following diseases:
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- poliomyelitis
- hemophilic infection
- pneumococcal infection
Table: Immunization calendar Kazakhstan 2016
In Kazakhstan, the following vaccination schedule for children for 2016 has been approved.
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1-4 days of life | Tuberculosis Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 2 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 3 months | Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 4 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 12-15 months | Measles Mumps |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 7 years (grade 1) | Tuberculosis Measles Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS) |
| 12 years old | Tuberculosis |
| 15 years | Diphtheria (BP-m) |
| 16 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
| Every 10 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
Table: Immunization schedule Ukraine 2016
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1 day | Hepatitis B |
| 3-5 day | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 1 month | Hepatitis B |
| 3 months | Polio Haemophilus influenzae |
| 4 months | Whooping cough, diffreria, tetanus (DPT) Polio Haemophilus influenzae |
| 5 months | Whooping cough, diffreria, tetanus (DPT) Polio |
| 6 months | Hepatitis B |
| 12 months | |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diffreria, tetanus (DPT) Polio Haemophilus influenzae |
| 6 years | Whooping cough, diffreria, tetanus (DPT) Polio Measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) |
| 7 years | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 14 years old | Dyphreria, tetanus (ADS) Polio |
Is there a new vaccine in the 2016 vaccination calendar?
Yes, the Ministry of Health has revised the immunization calendar and decided to pay more attention to the vaccination of children against hepatitis B. Thus, in 2016, the fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was introduced to children at the age of 12 months. This vaccination is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk.
Vaccination / Vaccination(from lat. vaccus- cow) is a way of protecting the body from possible infection disease. That is, we kind of “teach” the body to fight this or that disease.
I.e, graft- this is the introduction of antigenic material with the aim of inducing immunity to a disease, which will prevent infection or weaken it negative consequences. The following are used as antigenic material:
- live but weakened strains of microbes;
- killed ( inactivated) microbes;
- purified material, such as proteins of microorganisms;
- synthetic vaccines are also used.
The most common mild side effects are:
- moderate increase in body temperature
- redness
- soreness at the injection site.
In children often seen
- prolonged crying
- loss of appetite
Possible
- allergic reactions(including (rarely) Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock, urticaria) Some live vaccines can cause reactions that resemble a mild illness. For example, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps in 5% of cases causes a mild rash.
The decision to vaccinate
The decision to vaccinate should be made by the patient or his legal representative (for children under 15 years of age) on the basis of informed consent (in writing), after familiarization with the beneficial effects and possible risks procedures. On the day of vaccination, the patient must be examined by a doctor (in rural areas - by a paramedic), with a mandatory measurement of body temperature ( thermometry).
The procedure and rules for vaccination
The procedure and rules for conducting prophylactic vaccinations are regulated by the relevant sanitary rules (“Ensuring the safety of immunization”, “Immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases”), as well as methodological guidelines (for example, “Monitoring of post-vaccination complications and their prevention” and others). Medical workers those involved in vaccination receive a certificate-permission to carry out preventive vaccinations, annually passing the appropriate exam, including issues of providing emergency care with post-vaccination complications.
Preparation for vaccination
vaccination schedule
One of the causes of complications that occur after vaccination may be improper preparation for vaccination. If the child is allergic, it is necessary to take antihistamines (antiallergic drugs: dimetinden, cetirizine, desloratadine): 2 days before vaccination, 2 days after. Before inoculation with DTP vaccine (against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus), you need to do a blood and urine test, consult a neurologist. In preparation for vaccination, buy children's antipyretics with paracetamol (better candles- less adverse reactions). Do not use aspirin - complications may occur. Before vaccination, read the instructions for the vaccine, paying attention to the list of contraindications and the expiration date of the drug.
On the day of vaccination, you can not enter into the child's diet(and mothers, if the child is on breastfeeding) new products. This prohibition is also valid for 3 days (according to some doctors, 7-10 days) after vaccination.
Immediately before vaccination check with the doctor that the child does not have a fever. Do not be afraid to refuse vaccination if you have any doubts about normal condition child or doubts about the vaccine itself. Find out if your immunization office has supplies to help you with an allergic reaction.
After vaccination, sit for half an hour or an hour near the doctor's office- Immediate allergic reactions to the vaccine may occur. On the day of vaccination, it is better not to bathe the baby. You need to monitor the child's condition for another 2-3 weeks, especially on days 3, 5 and 10-11 - late allergies can develop during these periods.
The choice of the drug for vaccination
Many parents who have made their choice in favor of vaccination believe that imported, European vaccines are better than domestic ones - they have less side effects. It is advised to be especially careful when choosing a DTP vaccine.. In the domestic version, it usually includes the so-called whole-cell pertussis component, which, according to many doctors, causes most reactions, such as swelling at the injection site, fever, and convulsions. In most vaccines foreign countries - they are called acellular, or acellular, - the pertussis component is purified and causes fewer reactions.
Some believe that it is better to vaccinate against different diseases separately, so the load on the body will be less. Others argue that combination vaccines are better and one "total" shot is preferable to two separate shots - half the total dose of a toxic preservative. Consult your pediatrician, he will determine which option is suitable just for your child.
National Immunization Calendar by age 2016
| Age | Graft |
|---|---|
| Newborns (in the first 24 hours of life) | First vaccination against viral hepatitis B <1, 3, 4> |
| Newborns (3-7 days) | Vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG-m)<2> |
| Children: 1 month | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B <3>(children at risk). |
| 2 months | Third vaccination against hepatitis B <3>(children at risk). |
| 3 months | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B <4>, the first vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio. |
| 4.5 months | Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio<5>. |
| 6 months | Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis; first vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae. |
| 7 months | Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae. |
| 12 months | fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B<3>(children at risk), vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps. |
| 18 months | First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis; vaccination against haemophilus influenzae<8>; revaccination against haemophilus influenzae<8>. |
| 20 months | Second revaccination against poliomyelitis. |
| 24 months | Vaccination against pneumococcal infection, vaccination against chicken pox. |
| Children 3-6 years old | Vaccination against viral hepatitis A followed by revaccination after 6 months. |
| 6 years | Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps. |
| 7 years | The second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus. |
| 7 years | The first revaccination against tuberculosis (BCG). |
| 12-13 years old | Vaccination (girls) against human papillomavirus<7>. |
| 14 years old | Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis. |
| 14 years old | The second revaccination against tuberculosis (BCG). |
| Adults over 18 years old | Revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus - every 10 years from the last revaccination. |
|
Children from 1 to 17 years old, adults from 18 to 55 years old, not previously vaccinated |
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B<1>. |
|
Children from 1 to 17 years old, not sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella; girls from 18 to 25 years old, not ill, not previously vaccinated |
Immunization against rubella. |
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Children visiting preschool institutions, students of grades 1-11, students of higher professional and secondary professional educational institutions; adults working in certain professions and positions (employees of medical and educational institutions, transport and utilities, etc.); adults over 60 |
Influenza vaccination. |
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Adolescents and adults under the age of 35 who have not been sick, unvaccinated, and who do not have information about preventive vaccinations against measles; contact persons from the foci of the disease who have not been ill, not vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against measles - no age limit |
Immunization against measles. |
Frequency of vaccination
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B administered to all newborns in the first 24 hours of a child's life, including those born to healthy mothers and those at risk, which include newborns born to mothers who carry HBsAg, have viral hepatitis B, or who have had viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy and have no test results for hepatitis B markers, as well as those classified as risk groups: drug addicts, in families in which there is an HBsAg carrier or a patient with acute viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis (hereinafter referred to as risk groups).
Vaccination of newborns against tuberculosis carried out with the BCG-M vaccine. Revaccination against tuberculosis is carried out with the BCG vaccine for tuberculin-negative children not infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis at the age of 7 and at 14 years.
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B is carried out according to the scheme 0-1-2-12 (the first dose - in the first 24 hours of life, the second dose - at the age of 1 month, the third dose - at the age of 2 months, the fourth dose - at the age of 12 months) to newborns from risk groups.
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B is carried out according to the scheme 0-3-6 (1 dose - at the time of the start of vaccination, 2 dose - 3 months after the first vaccination, 3 dose - 6 months after the start of immunization) to newborns and all children who are not at risk.
Polio vaccination held inactivated vaccine against poliomyelitis (ITTV) three times for all children of the first year of life. For children whose immunization against IPV polio for any reason was limited to one or two vaccinations, subsequent vaccinations against polio can be carried out with a live attenuated vaccine at the time specified in the immunization schedule.
Planned second and third revaccinations against diphtheria and tetanus(ADS-M - toxoid) is carried out with an interval of at least 5 years from the previous revaccination, every subsequent 10 years later without age restrictions.
Triple immunization against human papillomavirus is carried out for girls aged 12-13 years, in order to prevent and reduce the risk of developing malignant diseases in girls, as well as to implement the city's program for the prevention of cervical cancer in women.
Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae among children of closed children's institutions is carried out from 6 months, three times. Vaccination of children at the age of 18 months is carried out once.
Vaccination against pneumococcal infection carried out once, from two years of age, to children from risk groups (often ill and suffering chronic diseases bronchopulmonary system).
Chickenpox vaccination carried out once for children who have not had this infection before.
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What vaccinations are given up to a year, the table and features of which are always of concern to newly-made parents, you need to know in order for our newborn babies to be protected from possible viruses and diseases. The state of the Russian Federation and the healthcare system have developed a vaccination calendar for the first year of a child's life.
Considering a whole list of tables and graphs on the Internet, young parents often do not realize the complexity and necessity of vaccinations for their children.
In fact, the issue of vaccination should be approached very seriously, because vaccination is the only and most reliable way protect the newborn from serious viruses.
What vaccinations are given?
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has developed a vaccination plan for children under 1 year old. Let's take a closer look at the list necessary for babies vaccinations for 2016.
Vaccination against hepatitis B and tuberculosis
The very first vaccination should be administered to a newborn within the first 24 hours of life. maternity hospital. This type of vaccine is administered according to the instructions, the need for vaccination is associated with a high risk of disease. Hepatitis B vaccination is mandatory for all newborns, both at high and normal risk of infection. high risk it is considered if the mother or father in the family has this disease.
The mother of a newborn should be aware that this kind of vaccination is not a burden on the baby's body, then she must give written consent to the vaccination.
The vaccine is injected intramuscularly into the baby's thigh. The first day you can not wet the place, the mother needs to carefully observe the behavior of the baby, examine him, make sure that there is no allergy or temperature. A possible reaction of a newborn is considered the norm. Contraindications may be a strong allergy of the mother, little weight newborn (less than 2 kilograms), possible immunodeficiency of the child. Hepatitis B vaccines are generally well tolerated.
The vaccine against tuberculosis is given during the first week of the baby's life in the maternity hospital. The need for such vaccination baby very large, since tuberculosis is serious illness 21st century, which is widespread in the world.
The indicator of tuberculosis in Russia is about 100 thousand of the population, the vaccination is carried out with a sparing vaccine Russian manufacturer. The common name of the vaccine is BCG, it is a weak vaccine strain, such a dose of the drug cannot provoke a real disease, but it very effectively develops immunity against tuberculosis.
For weaker or premature babies, there is a subspecies of the tuberculosis vaccine - BCG - M, it contains twice less bodies microbes than in a conventional vaccine.
Before vaccination, written agreement or mother's refusal. Vaccination is done in left hand child, then a papule appears at this place, which is later observed by a pediatrician. After resorption of the papule, a small scar remains, it will not come off when. Many mothers even before the birth of the baby want to refuse such a vaccination, fearing possible complications or harm, but be aware that by keeping your baby from getting vaccinated, you could harm the baby. BCG vaccination is a must for every child, it is she who is considered very important indicator for future prevention diseases. If you put BCG in your baby, you can be 100% sure that you will protect the child from tuberculosis in later life.
The second hepatitis B vaccine is given to a child at the age of one month, vaccination is mandatory. It is carried out in a children's clinic after examination by a pediatrician: the child must be healthy. Re-vaccination against hepatitis B is mandatory. Such a staged vaccination against hepatitis B gives effective result. The vaccine is given intramuscularly in the thigh, after which the mother carefully observes the baby during the first day.
At two months old, the baby must be given a third vaccination against hepatitis B, of course, after examination by a pediatrician. Each of the subsequent vaccines is administered only to healthy children up to a year old, after examination by a doctor, the mother signs a consent to the vaccination.
Vaccinations at three months
At three months, the baby is vaccinated against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus, it is also called DPT.
This type of vaccination is considered a complex vaccine, as it contains components against several diseases. Many mothers are very anxious about DTP and do not want to do it to their children because of possible complications after vaccination. Some children develop a fever that can last for several days.
Similar consequences are possible, since the child's body first encounters such bacteria, there is nothing to worry about.
DTP is done in the leg or in the muscle on the baby's pope. After the vaccination, seals may appear, which will last up to two weeks. The doctor before conducting DTP asks parents to prepare for vaccination. Preparation consists in taking antiallergic drugs, for young children it is better to use Erius, Zodak, Claritin syrups.
Three days before DTP, you need to give 2 milligrams of syrup once a day, after which the body will accept a new vaccine without possible complications. The vaccine cannot be wetted for one day and rubbed for a week, also better first do not walk for a day and carefully monitor the behavior of the baby at home. DPT is mandatory for all children in three stages with the written consent of the parents.
At the age of three to six months, vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae is carried out. The vaccination table of the Russian Federation necessarily recommends that parents vaccinate their children against Haemophilus influenzae. The purpose of such a vaccine is to prevent influenza and acute respiratory infections. Such vaccination is carried out for children under five years of age. Vaccination is considered planned and is mandatory, in several stages. They put the vaccine in the left hand of the child, in the forearm. The written consent of the parents is required prior to vaccination. Vaccination is given only to healthy children after examination by a pediatrician.
Vaccinations at four months
Reaching age category four to five months old, the baby needs to have a row necessary vaccinations, such as:
- The first polio vaccine is given at 4 or 5 months of age. Vaccination up to a year is carried out in several stages. Polio is viral infection, which can enter the body by airborne droplets. Vaccination is carried out in preventive purposes. Polio is very dangerous disease which can eventually lead to paralysis. Vaccination is planned and mandatory, it is given to healthy children after examination by a pediatrician. The first polio shot is given in the thigh and is generally well tolerated by children.
- DTP vaccination (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus), second in line.
- Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, second in line.
- Polio vaccination, second.
- DTP vaccination (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus), third in line.
- Third vaccination against hepatitis B.
- Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, third in line.
Seeing such a list of necessary vaccinations, it is time for the mother of a newborn baby to faint. But do not panic, this is just a calendar that should be followed in planning vaccinations, taking into account the correct order. If you come for a routine vaccination at four months, you will most likely get two shots: the first against polio and the second against DTP in different thighs of the legs. The next two in turn, i.e. from poliomyelitis (second) and from hemophilic infection (second), you will be delivered in a month. By the year of the baby, you will definitely be given all the necessary vaccinations.
- At the age of 6 months, vaccination against polio is carried out, the third scheduled mandatory vaccination in turn.
- At the age of one year, the child must be vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps (or MMR for short), the first vaccination. PDA is made for security purposes one year old baby and his protection against serious illness. The vaccine is considered complex because. contains elements of measles, mumps and rubella bacteria. Vaccination is planned and mandatory for all children, it is given with the consent of the mother healthy child. It is placed below the shoulder blade.
- Vaccination against viral hepatitis B, the fourth in a row, completes the stage of vaccination against hepatitis. If you conduct the correct course of vaccination of the child, then his immunity and health will be under reliable protection.
After a thorough study of the topic, what vaccinations are given to children under one year old, one should take into account important information according to contraindications for routine vaccination:
- poor response of the body to the introduction of the vaccine for the first time, for example, for vaccines such as hepatitis, polio, DPT;
- state of immunodeficiency, low hemoglobin (below 120);
- allergy to a certain composition of the vaccine;
- if the child is sick with SARS or other viral disease, it is allowed to vaccinate not earlier than two weeks after recovery;
- the presence of chronic diseases, such as kidney disease, diabetes;
- if the baby was carried out surgical operations, after recovery, a month of rehabilitation is needed;
- if the baby was given a blood transfusion, the scheduled vaccination is postponed for two to three months;
- if the child was born prematurely and his weight is less than two kilograms.
Note to moms
Take your baby to the scheduled vaccinations healthy and without the slightest sign of a cold.
It is necessary to carry out vaccination after examination by a children's doctor and preliminary testing: general analysis donate blood and urine a few days before visiting the doctor.
The doctor will inform you of the need for vaccination and give you an authorization form to sign if you agree.
In a separate vaccination room nurse give you information related to the vaccine, tell you about possible reactions and consequences, and get your baby vaccinated. Be sure to do routine vaccinations, because it guarantees a healthy future for your child.