Interesting facts about the human anatomical. Interesting facts about the human structure. Hair and nails

11.04.2019

Since ancient times, people have tried to understand the mystery of man. Scientists, philosophers, representatives of art and culture still cannot explain the unique creation, which is Homo Sapiens. In this article, we want to tell you the most interesting facts about human structure... You will see that even on a biological level, we are incredibly precise and intelligent.

But first I would like to remind you that two sciences are engaged in the study of a person at the biological level: physiology and anatomy.

The structure and work of human organs

Of course, you can guess that there is acid in the stomach that breaks down food. So that's concentration of hydrochloric acid(and it is precisely called that) is such that it can freely dissolve the razor blade.

The stomach has a lot of nerve endings, which is why scientists are conventionally called the "second brain".

If all blood vessels are stretched in one line, then it will be 100 thousand kilometers. In it is mentioned that the circumference of our planet is 40 thousand kilometers. That is, with a rope made of vessels, you can wrap the earth two and a half times.

Have you ever wondered without any internal organs could we exist? So, if a person's stomach and spleen are removed, only one-fourth of the liver, 20% of the intestines, one kidney, one lung are left, and almost everything is removed from the pelvic region, he can live. Of course, it will not full life, but still better than not existing at all!

The heart creates such pressure in the body that blood from the artery can spill more than 7 meters.

The liver, despite the seeming inconspicuousness of its activity, performs up to 500 important functions in our body.

When you smile, about 17 facial muscles contract. But when we frown - 43 muscles. It turns out that it is much easier for us to smile than to frown.

Many even children know that in the morning we are one centimeter taller than in the evening. This happens because during the day the cartilage of the spine is compressed, as it were, and during the night they come to their standard position.

Scientists have proven that the strongest muscle is the tongue. Interesting!

The tibia is the strongest in the skeleton. She can withstand more than four tons, and the next one is femoral - her indicator is 3 tons.

The heaviest bone is the jaw.

The teeth are the only organ that cannot be restored.

If reading the previous fact, you have a misunderstanding, then let us explain: a tooth is not a bone, but an organ.

At birth, a child has about 300 bones, and when he grows up - only 206. This is due to the fact that many bones grow together with age.

Body functions

When we sneeze, air bursts out of the mouth at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, and during the coughing process - 100 kilometers per hour.

Sneeze off open eyes impossible.

It is reliably known that women blink almost twice as often as men.

Volume Bladder an adult is approximately 400 milliliters. Although, of course, some "talented" people can tolerate up to 1 liter!

How much saliva do you think is secreted in your mouth every day? If it were possible to collect the saliva that you have excreted throughout your life, then it would be possible to fully fill two pools with it.

The senses

Interestingly, after a hearty dinner, our hearing becomes a little dulled.

It is believed that two-thirds of the world's population does not have one hundred percent vision. And in the age of computerization, this figure is likely to begin to increase.

If there was no saliva in the mouth, we would not be able to taste any tastes at all.

Wives have a more sensitive sense of smell than men, and every fiftieth inhabitant of the planet practically does not distinguish smells.

In general, the nose is able to distinguish up to 50 thousand smells and their shades.

When a person turns 60, they slowly begin to lose up to 50% of their taste buds.

Ears and nose always grow from birth.

The largest human cell is the ovum, and the smallest is the sperm.

The fetus's teeth begin to grow after the third month of pregnancy. Already during this period, unique fingerprints are determined.

With age, every second inhabitant of the earth begins to snore in his sleep.

Every 25-30 days, human skin is completely renewed.

About 600 thousand skin particles fall off the body every hour.

Fingerprints are unique to all people. Language has the same property.

This is an interesting fact for adults. A man gets an erection every hour and a half. But!

It's no secret that iron is present in the body. But did you know that it is enough to make a nail 10 centimeters long?

If the bedroom is cold while you sleep, chances are good that you will be dreaming of something scary.

The average person generates so much heat in one hour that it would be enough to boil two liters of water.

When you are stressed or afraid of something, then there is more wax in your ears than when you are calm.

Interesting, but tickling yourself is impossible. Our senses are too smart to react to that.

It is believed that the span of the arms is equal to the height. You can check this fact yourself at home.

No animal in the world can cry out of excess of feelings. Only Homo Sapiens is endowed with such a gift.

Lefties live several years less than right-handers. But this is not a genetically determined relationship, but simply most things are adapted specifically for right-handers.

In addition to humans, primates and koalas have unique fingerprints.

At the end I want to say one important thing... It has been proven that 90% of illnesses are due to stress. That's why, Dear friends, keep calm, as Carlson said, live long and do not get sick!

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The average person has 40 to 50 billion fat cells.
The biggest rib cage in the world belonged to Robert Earl Hughes of Illinois in the United States. In girth, it was 3.15 meters. By the day of his death in 1958, thirty-two-year-old Hughes weighed almost half a ton - 484 kilograms. He was buried in a coffin the size of a piano box.
The womb, or uterus, is an organ from the Latin name of which the word "hysteria" is derived.
Hippocrates, the ancient Greek father of medicine, believed that a flat-chested woman could enlarge her breasts if she sang a lot and loudly.
The liver is the most big gland human body.
In your lifetime, you eat 30,000 kilograms of food - this is the weight of about 6 elephants.
A new layer of mucus lining the stomach is produced every 2 weeks, so that gastric juice does not digest the inner surface of this organ.
Gastric juice is so pungent that it can dissolve a nail.
The average American goes to the toilet about 6 times a day (for various reasons).
75% of human stool is water.
Largest muscle human body is the gluteus maximus muscle. Perhaps it is also the strongest - based on the fact that volume is directly proportional to strength.
The longest muscle in our body is the thigh muscle.
Each year, approximately 1,500 surgical instruments remain in the bodies of patients in US hospitals. Most often, these patients include fat people because there is more space in their bodies.
A person burns about 7% more calories when walking on hard ground, not asphalt.
An adult takes about 23,000 breaths a day.
Most people can carry around their own weight. But the ant can drag on itself an object weighing about 100 times more than itself.
The average person drinks about 2.4 liters of water per day. From this volume, we get 1.4 liters with drinking, and 1 liter with food.
If you put together all the urine that humanity produces during the day, it will make twenty minutes of Niagara Falls.
Teens are 2 times more likely to get colds than people over 50.
Left lung less right, as if making room for the heart.
Every day, a person emits such a volume of heat, which is enough to boil 30 liters of ice water.
To burn 1 kilogram of fat, you need to walk 120 kilometers.
Your small intestine can be 4 times your height.
Are you a human or a mouse? This is actually a very difficult question. 90% of your genes are identical to those of a mouse.
The appearance of a human being changes significantly from birth to 5 years, then again at 12 years and at 30. A person changes in the period from 50 to 80 years and from 80 to death. Usually, from 30 to 50 years old, the appearance does not change much, except for one aspect - the total weight increases.
22 tons are trying to break out of your body atmospheric pressure... If it were not for it, you would instantly be squeezed into a cake. Outside, the same 22 tons of atmospheric pressure are pressing on you. If it wasn't for him, you would explode.
If a person weighs 68 kilograms, about 43 of them are water.
One living cell has more moving parts than any machine that man has ever invented.
Astronauts in space don't burp without a pressurized suit. But if they were without a spacesuit in outer space, the inability to burp would be the least of the problems - their blood would boil.
The air that a common person inhales daily, weighs 7 times more than all the food and water that he consumed during the day.
The older we get, the slower we breathe.
1 in 20 people never get cold. There are people in the world who are not susceptible to the common cold and generally have excellent immune systems.
At the same time, you can have 2 different kinds colds caused by 2 different viruses.
If one of the spouses is sick with the flu, 38% of the time the other will catch the same virus.
There is gender equality in the common cold issue. Boys catch colds more often than girls, but women more often than men.
You can become immune to the virus that causes the common cold, but there are hundreds of viruses that cause it. If you get sick, catching one of them, you will develop immunity to it for the rest of your life.
You cannot catch the virus at the North and South Poles. Polar temperatures are so low that common viruses simply cannot survive there.
Human muscles produce enough heat to boil 1 liter of water per hour.
Steroids were invented in Germany during Nazi rule not only to build muscle, but also to increase aggression.
There are over 639 muscles in the human body.
For decades it was believed that normal temperature the human body is 37 degrees. However, the latter medical research showed that the "normal" temperature is closer to 36.8 degrees, ranging from 36.2 to 37.5 degrees. For example, the normal body temperature of the Japanese is 36 degrees, while the Australians and Americans are 37 degrees.
You burn more calories when you are awake. For example, if you weigh 63.5 kilograms, then in a dream you burn 1 calorie in 1 minute, and if you just sit quietly (for example, read or watch TV), then one and a half.
According to doctors' observations, your body's engine runs on the energy released by the foods you ate the day before yesterday.
Your liver is 4 times heavier than your heart.
The higher you live in relation to sea level, the lower your chances of getting cancer.
Average body ordinary man more body ordinary woman and contains more water and less fat. These are two reasons why men usually better than women retain fluids.
Scientists don't know why women gain weight much more often than men between the ages of 20 and 40.
In a study of the models that appeared on the Playboy magazine tabs from 1979 to 1988, it was found that, on average, they weigh 13-19% less than ordinary women.
Thin people have intestines 2 times larger than the norm required by their physiology.
All the moist membranes lining the human body release natural antibiotics.
When you knead a clove of garlic, the sulfur-containing compound allicin is formed. This antibiotic attacks two dozen bacteria and countless fungi.
People who eat a lot capsicum are less likely to suffer from heart attacks, heart attacks, blood clots and circulatory problems. The health-promoting substance in pepper is believed to be capsaicin.
A doctor can find replacements for every organ in your body with the exception of the brain and nervous system.
4 out of 5 people with stones in gallbladder do not know that they have them.
The reason for the periodic attacks of fever that appear in some men, physiologists believe a lack of testosterone.
With age seasickness may disappear.
Few people know the fact that more than a half people working with technology virtual reality earn motion sickness because of her.
The best hangover cure is sleep.
If a man will long time abuse alcohol, he runs the risk of enlarging his breasts. The development of the mammary glands occurs under the influence of the female sex hormone estrogen. Extremely high levels of this hormone are found in some men with cirrhosis as a consequence of years of alcohol dependence.
A woman inherits the shape of her breast not only from her mother, but also from her father.
Your liver breaks down roughly 140,000 red blood cells per minute. Your bone marrow replenishes them.
The adrenal glands control the body's water-salt balance and help the body adapt to various critical situations... These organs usually do not resemble one another: the right one is shaped like a crescent moon, and the left one looks like a conical hat.
The human stomach is forced to renew its surface every day to replace the damaged one from gastric juice, that is, hydrochloric acid.
A person's gastric juice is aggressive enough to completely dissolve a razor blade in a week.
The largest known kidney stone weighed 1.36 kilograms.
4 million people die each year from infections caused by poor sanitation.
If you are no longer thirsty, you should drink even more water, because when the body is dehydrated, the thirst mechanism is turned off.
If you remove all the space between the atoms that make up your body, you become so small that you can pass through the eye of a needle.

Interesting Facts from book
“The strangeness of our body. Entertaining anatomy”
author Juan Stephen, trans. A. Davydova

Human Anatomy Facts

Internal frame

Walking around the equator

It is estimated that a person takes up to 30 thousand steps during the day, that is, about 20 kilometers. For every 5.5 years, it imperceptibly makes a path equal to the circumference of the equator.

How much does a human skeleton weigh?

The mass of the human skeleton is about 11 kilograms.

When is the person taller: in the morning or in the evening?

Due to the flattening of the intervertebral cartilage, the growth of a person by the evening decreases by about 1.5 cm. By the age of 80, the growth of a person decreases by 5–7 cm in comparison with the age of forty.

How many bones are in the skull?

The human skull is made up of 23 bones. Only two bones of the skull - the mandibular and the sublingual - are mobile, the rest are firmly connected by sutures.

Stronger than brick and granite

Bone material is 30 times stronger than brick and 2.5 times stronger than granite. Big femur withstands a vertical load of one and a half tons.

It can withstand a load of 350 kilograms

The strongest ligament in the human body is the Bertinian ligament, which strengthens hip joint, - withstands a load of 350 kilograms.

How many muscles are there in a person?

The amount of muscle a person has is not the same for all people. Within the normal range, it ranges from 400 to 680 muscles. If all of these muscles were to tighten, they would cause a pressure of approximately 25 tons. A grasshopper has about 900 muscles, and in some species of caterpillars even about 4,000. The total weight of all muscles in men is 40% of total weight body, in women - 30%.

Which organ loses a lot of heat?

Coefficient useful action human muscle is 20%. The remaining 80% is spent on heat losses.

Where are the strongest muscles located?

The strongest ones are located on both sides of the mouth and are responsible for clenching the jaws. They are capable of developing an effort of about 70 kilograms.

Who loses more energy: a crying or a laughing person?

According to research by French neuropathologists, crying man 43 muscles of the face are involved, while the laughing one has only 17. Thus, laughing is energetically more beneficial than crying.

When is the highest muscular activity manifested?

It is noted that the muscles work most effectively at 13 o'clock. 30 minutes.

Oxygen-consuming organ. Who is he?

Muscles consume up to 60% of the oxygen entering the body.

Rhythm is your assistant

Rhythm - important element work, and everyone should learn from their hearts in this regard: if you work rhythmically, then the work will be productive and you will have enough strength to work for a long time.

When the "biological clock" breaks

Frequent violations of the physiological cycle "day-night" can lead to a painful disorder of the internal " biological clock"Person.

Breath

How much air can you inhale?

Lung ventilation (number of breaths times the volume of air inhaled) healthy person reaches 5-9 liters per minute. At rest, a person performs an average of 16 respiratory movements per minute. This is about 23,000 per day. At the same time, about 7,000 liters of air pass through the lungs. The minute breathing volume of a person (the amount of air passed through the lungs in one minute) is at rest 5-8 liters per minute, and during physical work can reach over 100 liters per minute.

Breathe calmly

A person at rest consumes 400-500 liters of oxygen per day, making 12-20 breaths and exhalations per minute. The respiration rate of a horse is 12 breaths per minute, rats - 60, canaries - 108.

Who cheers us up?

Negatively charged ions of air gases are friends of health; they make a person vigorous, efficient.

Biological vacuum cleaner

Ciliated epithelium respiratory tract a person takes out of them up to 20-30 g of dust per day.

Circulation

Blood plasma ... and ancient seas

The composition of blood plasma resembles the composition of the water of the ancient earthly seas, in which life originated.

Twice the length of the equator

The total length of blood capillaries in the human body is approximately 100,000 kilometers. This is 2.5 times the length of the earth's equator, and the total internal area is 2,400 m 2 .

A pump that lasts a lifetime

For 60 years of ordinary, not very stressful life, the human heart makes more than 2,000,000,000 contractions. The same work would be done by a tractor if it lifted a boulder weighing 65 tons from sea level to a height of 5,500 meters.

When is more cholesterol?

100 ml of blood of a healthy person contain 20–250 mg of cholesterol in autumn and winter, and only 170–180 mg in summer and spring.

Hearty "shirt"

The heart has a shirt - a layer of connective tissue; between the heart and the "shirt" there is a small amount of liquids. The pericardial sac ("heart shirt") protects the working heart muscle.

Flattened red balls

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, whose total surface is 3 400 m 2 ... Every day about 2,000,000,000 of them die off in the body, which is 0.01% of their total number. The total surface area of all erythrocytes is 3400 m2 2 ... In each mm3 of blood there are 5,000,000 erythrocytes, and in all five liters contained in the body of an adult, there are 25,000,000,000,000. Earth along the equator.

"Sprints" within us

Almost all cells of the human body have nuclei that govern all physiological processes in the cell itself and participate in the process of cell division. The only exception is red blood cells. They are born with a core, but already on early stages development, lose it, thereby losing the ability to reproduce. New red blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow from stem cells. About 2,500,000 erythrocytes are formed every second and about the same number die. In one day, the erythrocyte travels in the blood vessels for about 15 kilometers, supplying tissues with oxygen and taking carbon dioxide from them. During its existence, one erythrocyte on average travels a distance of 1,800 kilometers.

They live to die

Blood cells are constantly dying off and replaced by new ones. The life of erythrocytes (red blood cells) lasts 90-125 days, leukocytes (white blood cells) - from several hours to several months, depending on the type of leukocytes. In the blood of an adult, about a billion red blood cells and five billion leukocytes die off every hour. They will be replaced by new blood cells. During the day, 25 grams of blood undergoes complete regeneration.

Thinner hair

Blood capillaries are 10 times less thick than hair.

That's the speed!

Within one minute, the heart releases about 4 liters of blood into the aorta. The speed of movement in the aorta is 0.5 m / sec, and through the capillaries, blood flows at a speed of 0.5 mm / sec. A complete turnover of blood through both circles of blood circulation is completed in 21-22 seconds.

Special blood substance

Each red blood cell contains 265 million hemoglobin molecules. The assembly of its molecule takes only 90 seconds. Every second, 6.5 ∙ 1014 hemoglobin molecules are synthesized in the human body. 100 ml of human blood contains 13-16 g of hemoglobin. One gram of hemoglobin can bind up to 1.34 ml of oxygen. At rest, about 4 l / min flows through the human heart, which ensures that the tissues receive about 400 ml of oxygen.

Ah, these "thin tubes"!

The wall thickness of the arteries is 0.8–0.9 mm. The diameter of various human arteries is 0.4–2.5 cm. The average diameter of human capillaries is about 7 microns, which is slightly less diameter erythrocyte. The blood volume in the arteries averages 950 ml.

"Sugar Queen"

This is what the ancient Tibetan doctors called the liver. She stores nutrient reserves and, if a person is hungry, she converts them into sugar, thereby feeding him. At rest in humans, up to 50% of blood can be stored in the "blood depot" - the liver and spleen, from where, if necessary, it is thrown into the bloodstream. The blood flow in the kidneys is 420 ml / min, in the heart - 84, in the liver - 5.7, in the brain - 53, in the striated muscles - only 2.7 ml / min. The liver consumes 10 times more oxygen than a muscle of the same mass and emits more heat. It is a powerful protective barrier in the path of blood flow from the digestive system to other organs. The liver decomposes alcohol most effectively between 6 and 8 pm. 1.5 liters of blood flows through the liver within one minute, and up to 2,000 liters per day.

In women, it beats more often

An adult's heart pumps about 10,000 liters of blood per day. Normal pulse men at rest is 60–80 beats per minute. A woman's heart beats 6–8 times faster. Heavy exercise stress increases heart rate up to 200 beats per minute. The heart rate of an elephant is 20, that of a bull and frog is 25, that of a rabbit is 200, and that of a mouse is 500.

Digestion

Even the saber is blunt

The edge of the saber dulls when it hits the tooth enamel. In terms of hardness, enamel can be compared to quartz.

How many, two or four?

Milk teeth are replaced with permanent ones. The last molar is usually erupted by the age of 18–20, and sometimes even later, when a person “acquires wisdom through teaching,” Hippocrates thought. He called this tooth the "wisdom" tooth. Half of humanity has only two, not four, wisdom teeth.

The naked part of our skeleton

The specific gravity of the tooth enamel is 2.9-3.05 g / cm 2 ... Tooth dentin has specific gravity only 2.2 g / cm 2 ... The dentin of an adult tooth contains about 65% mineral salts, 28% organic matter and 8% water. Dental cement contains about 30% organic substances, more than 55% calcium phosphate, about 8% calcium carbonate, as well as calcium and magnesium fluorides.

You can't stand it!

The most painful place the human body - teeth. There are usually no more than 200 pain receptors per square centimeter of the skin, and on the same area of tooth dentin, there are 15,000 to 30,000 receptors. On the border of enamel and dentin, there are even more of them - up to 75,000 receptors.

"Acorn" or "Stomach"?

The word "stomach" is derived from the word "acorn" (in the old days "little acorns were called stomachs"). 1 cm 2 the gastric mucosa accounts for one hundred gastric glands. They are located close to each other. Unlike other digestive juices, bile contains almost no enzymes.

"Toothed" enzymes

During the day, a person secretes about 1 liter of saliva, 3 liters of gastric juice, 2 liters of pancreatic juice, 3.5 intestinal juice, 2 one liter of bile. A person excretes an average of one liter of saliva per day.

What does the hour of the day mean for the stomach?

Most of the gastric juice is formed at 13 o'clock, even if the person has not eaten anything.

And is it all in us?

The length of the intestine in humans is 3-4 times the length of the body. The total surface area of the villi of the jejunum is 37 m2 2 , duodenal - 1.3 m 2 , iliac - 5.3 m 2 .

Are there gases in us too?

In the process of fermentation of food gruel, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are formed in the right (ascending) section of the large intestine, and in the process of decay in the left (descending) section - methane and hydrogen sulfide. All this mixes with the air that enters the intestines in the process of eating along with food. Digesting lunch produces about 15 liters of gas.

That's the villi!

Per cm 2 inner surface intestines 3,000-4,000 villi. Each is covered with 3,000 cells, which in turn have 100 suction tubes. The absorption surface in the small intestine is about 5 m 2 , i.e. three times the surface of the body.

Short "life"

About 70,000,000,000 intestinal epithelial cells die every day, each of which lives for only 1-2 days.

You need her to breathe, move, think

At rest and on an empty stomach, the human body produces so much energy per day that it would be enough to heat 20 liters of water from 10 ° C to boiling. The heat generated by the lumberjack for eight hours is enough to heat 100 liters of water to a boil

Who are gut bacteria afraid of?

Lingonberries and cranberries are rich in benzoic acid. It kills putrefactive bacteria in the intestines.

What are we "made" of?

All of the cells

The human body is made up of 100,000 billion cells. For comparison: the body of an elephant consists of 6,500,000 billion cells.

Water, water ...

Water makes up 80% of a child's body weight and 70% of an adult's body weight. Human brain cells contain 80%, muscles - 76%, bones - about 25% water. A sip of water is for men 20 milliliters of liquid, and for women - 14. The richest tissue in the human body is the vitreous body of the eye, in which it is 99%, and the poorest is tooth enamel... It contains only 0.2%.

Is water important?

Loss of moisture in the amount of 6-8% of the body weight causes a person to faint, 10% - hallucinations and impaired swallowing reflex. Loss of 12% fluid leads to cardiac arrest.

Are there gases too?

More than 96% of the mass of the human body is made up of four chemical elements. Oxygen accounts for about 60% of the mass, and carbon accounts for about 20%. They are followed by hydrogen - 10% and nitrogen - 4%.

Not only there, but also from there!

A person can excrete 0.5-12 liters of sweat per day, which contains 9899% water, 0.1% urea, urinary, milk, pyruvic, citric acid, ammonia, creatinine, serine, fats, volatile fatty acids, cholesterol, aromatic hydroxy acids, acetone, mineral salts.

Skin formations

Not removable "clothes"

The skin is the heaviest organ in the human body. She weighs an average of 2.7 kg. The skin does not allow water, germs, dirt to pass through. Protects us from blows, pricks, bites. About 2% of the oxygen consumed by a person enters the body through the skin. A person of average height loses about 800,000 skin microparticles every hour, and an average of 675 grams per year. By the age of seventy, the total loss of skin is just over 47 kg, that is, 70% of the average human weight. The human body excretes about 0.5 liters of water per day through the skin. Solids are released about 10 grams.

Who's to say if we're cold or hot?

All skin surface the human body contains about 250,000 "cold" receptors and only 30,000 "heat" ones. The temperature of the skin is different in different parts of the body. So, in armpit it is 36.6 ° C, then on the stomach - 34 ° C, and on the face - 25 ° C. The blood and internal organs have a temperature of 37.2–38.5 ° C.

Is it better to be clean or dirty?

Per cm 2 dirty skin there are about 40,000 microbes.

Broadcasters "SOS!"

Our skin contains 250,000 nerve endings that respond to cold, 30,000 - respond to heat, about 1,000,000 - respond to pain.

Skin and time

The skin is least sensitive to injections at 9 a.m. and is most permeable to cosmetics between 6 and 8 pm.

Space "antennas"

Human hair is 500 times thicker than the walls soap bubble, 5 times thicker than the capillary, 12 times thicker than the walls of the alveoli and 20 times thicker than the cobweb. Hair grows in newborns at a rate of 0.2 mm per day, later - up to 0.3-0.5 mm per day. The hair of the eyebrows, eyelashes and axillary hairs live 3-4 months, the hair of the head - 4-6 years. Hair grows by one centimeter per month. About 100 hairs die off on the head every day. Dead hair may not immediately fall out, therefore, up to 20% of dead hair sometimes accumulates on the head.

The braid is not only a girlish beauty

The most long braid one Japanese woman has 3 meters, she has been growing it for 20 years. Most long hair worn by Swami Pandarasannadi, head of the Indian monastery of Tirudaduturai. In 1949, his hair was 7 meters 92 centimeters long.

And beard and mustache

The longest beard belonged to Hans Langset - 5 meters 33 centimeters, and the most long mustache were from the Swede Birger Pellas - 2 meters 90 centimeters.

The wealth of the primates

The tips of all twenty fingers on our extremities bear dense flat horny formations - nails. Nails are the property of primates. The nail grows due to the epithelium nail bed... Especially sensitive fingertips are protected by the nails. The nail on the hand grows at a rate of one hundredth of a millimeter per day, and on the leg - five hundredths. For a year on the finger, the nail is lengthened by a total of three centimeters. Most long nail on the arm (on thumb left hand) reaches a length of 101.6 centimeters. It belonged to the Indian Sridhar Chillar. The total length of the nails on the finger of his left hand, when measured in March 1990, was 4 meters 40 centimeters. He hasn't cut his nails since 1952.

Highlighting

Why are we crying?

Children cry to attract attention, to express their emotions: fear, anger, or joy. And also so that they leave the body with tears harmful substances that are generated from pain and suffering. In addition, when we blink, tears wash over the eyeball, clearing it of dust and microbes. A healthy human body produces approximately 0.5 liters of tear fluid per year. Even the most severe man sheds 1-3 milliliters of tears every day.

Blood filters

The total length of the renal tubules is 120 kilometers. In both kidneys, humans have about 2,000,000 nephrons. During the day, the kidneys pass through 2,000 liters of blood, and this is a whole cistern. An adult excretes 1,200-1,600 ml of urine per day and should leave with urine 15-45 mg oxalic acid.

What are uroliths?

Chemical composition of uroliths - kidney stones- can be different. 40% of uroliths are oxalates (salts of oxalic acid), 27% are phosphates (salts of orthophosphoric acid), 12-15% are urates (uric acid salts), 2% are cystine, xanthine and protein stones and 20-30% are stones of mixed type.

Vision

Sophisticated optical device

Up to 14 months in newborn girls and up to 16 months in boys, there is a period of complete non-perception of flowers. Then there is the perception of red, then green, and even later of blue color... The formation of color perception ends at 7.5 years for girls and by 8 years for boys. The eye can distinguish 130-250 pure colors and 5-10,000,000,000 mixed shades.

After an hour in the dark

After one hour in the dark, the light sensitivity of the eye increases 200 times.

Rods and cones

The retina of the human eye contains 125,000,000 rods and 6,500,000 cones, and, taken together, they are so sensitive that a person could theoretically see the light of a candle at a distance of 200 kilometers.

Hearing, smelling, touching

"Hello, I can't hear you!"

The human middle ear contains 2,500 sound-responsive cells. The upper limit of the frequencies perceived by us reaches 16–20 million hertz. Over the years, the ear's sensitivity, especially to high-pitched sounds, decreases.

Delicious when + 24 ° C

On the surface of the tongue there are about 9,000 nerve endings that react to taste. They function best at 24 ° C.

Small but smart

The surface of the nose olfactory zone is only 5 cm 2 but it houses about 1,000,000 nerve endings. Smelling occurs when at least 40 nerve endings are excited.

This is why he is freezing!

The coldest part of the human body is the nose. The temperature of its tip usually does not exceed + 22 ° C.

Nervous system

A huge amount and ... one percent

The human nervous system consists of 10,000,000,000 neurons and 70,000,000,000 auxiliary cells. Of this gigantic amount, only one percent fulfills independent work, that is, it receives signals and controls the work of muscles; the remaining 99% are mediating cells.

The center of all centers or the main organ of the mind

At the age of three, the human brain is already 80% developed. Highest development it reaches about 20 years. Subsequently, its mass decreases. The cerebral cortex makes up approximately 44% of the volume of the brain. The surface of the cortex as a whole is 1 468–1 670 cm 2 .

We are in third place

A person is in third place in terms of brain mass (1,400 g) in wildlife after an elephant (5 kg) and a whale (2.5 kg).

These are the areas!

The total area of the cerebral cortex in humans averages 83 591 mm 2 , chimpanzee - 24 353 mm 2, dogs - 6 523 mm 2, rabbit - 843 mm 2, rats - 254 mm 2.

Nature is not fair

Starting from the age of thirty in humans, 30,000 to 50,000 nerve cells in the brain die every day.

Water and nerve cell

A nerve cell - a neuron - contains 65–68% water and 32–35% solids, among which proteins account for 68–70%. 20-25% are lipids, 2-5% are nucleic acids, 1-2% are carbohydrates.

With him, the vessels are in good shape

Nitric oxide (II) can be formed in the human body. It provides communication between neurons and maintains vascular tone.

The bigger, the better

The larger the diameter of the nerve fiber, the faster the excitation spreads through it. In warm-blooded animals, the excitation rate is 0.5-120 m / sec.

"Nervous" helpers

No human action can take place without the participation of the nervous system. To transfer the body from horizontal position vertically, the human brain sends hundreds of nerve impulses - signals through the nerves to the muscles.

Everything for sight

As part of the cranial nerves, 2,600,000 nerve fibers enter the brain, and 140,000 leave.About half of the outgoing fibers carry orders to the muscles of the eyeball, controlling fast and complex movements eye. The rest of the nerves control facial expressions, chewing, swallowing and the activity of internal organs. Of the incoming nerve fibers, 2,000,000 are visual.

Men and women

"Stronger sex"

The male brain weighs 200 g more than the female brain.
A boy aged 15–24 years old falls unsuccessfully 6 times more often than girls of the same age.
Among outstanding mathematicians, there are 12 times more men than women.
Deviations from the norm color vision are much more common in men (8%) than in women (0.5%).
Men have 20% more lung volume than women.
Snore during sleep 48% of men and only 22% of women.
Boys are more likely than girls to be left-handed and are generally free to use their left hand, which is explained by the leading role of the right hemisphere of the male brain.
80% of all stuttering people are men.
The average blood volume for men is 5.2 liters, and for women - 3.9 liters.
The average weight of a man's heart is 330 g of a woman - 250 g.

"Weaker sex"

Girls start talking earlier than boys.
A woman's sense of smell is 20% better than that of a man.
Mental depression in women is twice as common as in men.
Women's ear for music is better than that of men: there is 1 man for every 6 non-fake women.
Three quarters of all migraines occur in women.
Women are twice as sensitive to alcohol as men.
Women prefer sweet foods, while men prefer salty ones.
In women, the right eye sees sharper and the right ear hears better, while in men it is the other way around.
Adipose tissue accounts for 11% of a man's weight and 23% of a woman's weight.
Women, more often men, suffer from dental caries.
Insomnia is reported by 42% of men and 62% of women.

It's safe to live when you know more. What do you know about the structure of the human body? Numerous truths and irrefutable evidence. Scientific research, practices that never tire of bringing and revealing something new.

The human body is complex chemical laboratory, in which the most complex metabolic processes are continuously taking place.

If we are asked the question: "What does the structure of the personality consist of?", Then undoubtedly it is the skeleton, skin, blood and organs. The most important elements. Studying each substance, we discover something new for ourselves.

Probably everyone knows that the nature of man and his essence are studied by two sciences; physiology and anatomy. These branches of knowledge tell us what is necessary. But, there is still a lot of curious things that need to be studied and cognized. Only the most curious!

Skeleton - support for the body and protection of all internal organs

Human bones (especially the thigh) are very strong and durable. In structure, they resemble a reinforced concrete structure. Can support the weight of a granite slab.
It has been proven that a child has more bones (approximately 300) than an adult. How can this be explained? Every year, the baby grows and his skeleton changes, that is, the bones grow together, forming new, larger ones.
Imagine! The giraffe has the same number of objects.
It is also interesting that every seven years, human bones are renewed.

Blood is the liquid that provides life

The substance is renewed hourly. Old cells die off, and new ones are produced (by the bone marrow and spleen).
The only part of the human body that does not have a circulatory system is the cornea of the eye.
It is the red color of blood that indicates that iron is the carrier of oxygen here. By the way, we can say that the blood of some species of spiders is blue. It transports oxygen - copper.
One hundred thousand kilometers is the length of all the blood vessels of a person.
Great example! Australian resident Donor James Harrison has donated blood to over 1000 races. Saved the lives of two million children.

The outer cover of the body, which protects not only the internal organs, but also the human skeleton.

In the dermis, there is a pigment called melanin. The color depends on this.
Sweat glands play very important role... They regulate body temperature. Interesting! If you think that sweat has no nice smell, You are wrong. This aroma comes from bacteria living on the surface.
The most thin skin- eyelid cover.
It has been scientifically proven that prolonged exposure to the sun can cause people to lose vitamin D.

Of course, its organs are an integral part of the whole organism.

While developing its own shocks, this organ can beat as long as there is a certain amount of oxygen inside.
For females, this tool, beats faster than men (about 10 beats).
But the ancient Egyptians thought that the heart and other organs could be moved.
Professors at the University of Australia have shown that cats and dogs can have a good effect on the functioning of this body structure. And yet, eating chocolate also contributes to this.
Determined that daytime sleep, kills the heart, as the pressure rises.
People who have heart problems often succumb to depression and neuroses.

Brain

Lungs - clean and even breathing

Why was this body so named? Marvelous! The only organ that floats on the water.
It is also curious that the element serves not only for breathing. Also, it protects the heart, serves as an "airbag".
How many liters of air do you think you breathe every day? About 10,000 thousand units.
Those who smoke are most at risk for lung cancer.

The organs of vision - to live a fulfilling life

It should be noted that the constant wearing of lenses and glasses does not affect the eyes in any way.
A girl from Germany, Veronica, has the highest visual acuity.
But women blink more often than men.
If we talk about eye color, then "green" is the rarest. Note also that the Japanese attach great importance to this.
All people are born with light gray eyes. And only then, they can acquire a different color.

Summarizing all of the above, it is clear that each organ is the main wealth in human life... Therefore, it is worth pondering and protecting. And most importantly, do everything that depends on us for good and fruitful functioning!

But first I would like to remind you that two sciences are engaged in the study of a person at the biological level: physiology and anatomy.

In principle, any facts about a person have always attracted the attention of thinking individuals. After all, self-awareness is the first sign of a highly developed intellect. Well, okay, let's move on to the topic.

Everyone knows that memory largely determines intelligence and, in general, the level of development. How much memory does the brain have? 1000 terabytes. For comparison, we can only add that one terabyte is 1000 gigabytes. In other words, our memory averages 1 million terabytes.

The brain accounts for 2% of the weight of the whole body. However, it consumes as much as 20% of all oxygen that we inhale through the lungs.

There is scientific opinion, which says that a person with high level the intellect sees dreams more often. Like this!

It is interesting that all computers in the world cannot compete with the brain in the number and quality of operations processed per unit of time. But it consumes only as much energy as a 10-watt light bulb.

At night, during sleep, the brain is more active than during the day.

It used to be thought that nerve cells are not restored. However, recent studies have shown that they are not only recovering, but also constantly evolving.

It is reliably known that the study of foreign languages actively stimulates the brain. The same effect is possessed by sport exercises... Therefore, in order to avoid senile dementia in highly developed countries, elderly people attend foreign language courses.

An interesting fact is that the brain itself does not feel pain. If a person is hit on the head, then he will feel it only due to the structure of the skull, which is enveloped by sensitive tissues. This is probably why the gray matter needs such a shell, because it, without feeling pain, could not take care of itself!

By the way, water makes up four-fifths of the volume of our brain, can you imagine? I must say that this puts scientists at a real dead end, since it is simply impossible to come up with reasonable or logical explanations for the fantastic abilities of the brain.

Hair and nails

Our hair grows at different rates depending on where it is located. The fastest growing cover on a man's face. If he never shaves, then his beard will be about 30 meters. True, this happens extremely rarely because the hair, reaching a certain length, begins to split. So a very long beard is rather an exception.

Our hair falls out all the time. On average, we lose about 100 of them in one day. But this indicator depends on many factors: gender, age, season, etc.

An interesting fact is that female hair, with a few exceptions, is thinner than male by almost two times.

On average, one hair is capable of supporting a weight of 100 grams.

Our body has about as much hair as a chimpanzee. Only in primates, they form wool, while in humans they are thin and short.

It is believed that one hair on the head lives from 3 to 7 years. Then it gives way to the younger generation.

How do you know that you have started to go bald? In order for this to become noticeable from the outside, at least half of the vegetation on the head should be lost.

And this is a very interesting fact. Fingernails grow at different rates. It is noticed that what longer toe the sooner they grow. That is middle finger, naturally has the longest nail on the hand, and the little finger is the opposite.

Here it should be added that the nails grow 4 times slower on the legs than on the hands.

Internal organs

In the fair sex, the heart beats 10 beats more often than in the stronger sex.

Do you know the largest internal organ? This is the small intestine. Its length is about 4 human height. That is, if your height is 170 centimeters, then multiplying this number by 4, we will determine the size of the small intestine: 6 meters 80 centimeters.

Few people realize that most of the processing of food does not take place in the stomach itself, but directly in the small intestine.

Interestingly, all elements of our body are supplied with oxygen thanks to circulatory system, and only the cornea of the eye has no blood supply. It uses oxygen directly from the air entering the eye.

Blood is red only due to the presence of hemoglobin in it.

Of course, you can guess that there is acid in the stomach that breaks down food. So the concentration of hydrochloric acid (and it is called that) is such that the razor blade can freely dissolve.

The stomach has a lot of nerve endings, which is why scientists are conventionally called the "second brain".

Have you ever wondered, without which internal organs we could exist? So, if a person's stomach and spleen are removed, only one-fourth of the liver, 20% of the intestines, one kidney, one lung are left, and almost everything is removed from the pelvic region, he can live. Of course, this will not be a full life, but still better than not existing at all!

The heart creates such pressure in the body that blood from the artery can spill more than 7 meters.

The liver, despite the seeming inconspicuousness of its activity, performs up to 500 important functions in our body.

Interesting facts about muscles and skeleton

When you smile, about 17 facial muscles contract. But when we frown - 43 muscles. It turns out that it is much easier for us to smile than to frown.

Scientists have proven that the strongest muscle is the tongue. Interesting!

The tibia is the strongest in the skeleton. She can withstand more than four tons, and the next one is femoral - her indicator is 3 tons.

The heaviest bone is the jaw.

The teeth are the only organ that cannot be restored.

If reading the previous fact, you have a misunderstanding, then let us explain: a tooth is not a bone, but an organ.

At birth, a child has about 300 bones, and when he grows up - only 206. This is due to the fact that many bones grow together with age.

Body functions

When we sneeze, air bursts out of the mouth at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, and in the process of coughing - 100 kilometers per hour.

It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.

It is reliably known that women blink almost twice as often as men.

The bladder volume of an adult is approximately 400 milliliters. Although, of course, some "talented" people can tolerate up to 1 liter!

The senses

Interestingly, after a hearty dinner, our hearing becomes a little dulled.

It is believed that two-thirds of the world's population does not have one hundred percent vision. And in the age of computerization, this figure is likely to begin to increase.

If there was no saliva in the mouth, we would not be able to taste any tastes at all.

Wives have a more sensitive sense of smell than men, and every fiftieth inhabitant of the planet practically does not distinguish smells.

In general, the nose is able to distinguish up to 50 thousand smells and their shades.

Various interesting facts

When a person turns 60, they slowly begin to lose up to 50% of their taste buds.

Ears and nose always grow from birth.

The largest human cell is the ovum, and the smallest is the sperm.

The fetus's teeth begin to grow after the third month of pregnancy. Already during this period, unique fingerprints are determined.

With age, every second inhabitant of the earth begins to snore in his sleep.

Every 25-30 days, human skin is completely renewed.

About 600 thousand skin particles fall off the body every hour.

Fingerprints are unique to all people. Language has the same property.

This is an interesting fact for adults. A man gets an erection every hour and a half. But!

It's no secret that iron is present in the body. But did you know that it is enough to make a nail 10 centimeters long?