When is the longest day. When is the shortest day of the year? How long does it last? The funniest night

The summer solstice is the day when the Sun reaches its peak position above the horizon, and accordingly, daylight is the longest in the entire year. This day has a powerful energy and can bring considerable luck if you live it right.

The summer solstice is very important for humanity. This is the time for the embodiment of desires, spiritual uplift and charge of "internal batteries". Especially if the day is sunny and warm.

When will the day be summer solstice in 2018

The Earth moves around the Sun along a given trajectory once and for all. Therefore, important milestones, such as the day of the summer solstice, are unchanged and always occur at the same time, the same moment. Strictly speaking, the summer solstice is not a day, but one of the main points of the Earth's orbit. After its passage, daylight hours begin to shorten. Therefore, this milestone is considered the beginning of an astronomical autumn, which lasts until autumn equinox... Summer solstice in 2018 will occur on June 21st as usual. Recall that the exceptions are leap years: Due to the "extra" day, the date is shifted to June 20th.

Energy features of the summer solstice

Since the daylight hours on June 21 (20) is the longest in the year, the Sun gives up the most heat to the Earth, and with it its powerful, albeit invisible energy. This is the peak summer season, so it cannot be found in bad mood... The positive will help attract the favorable energy of the Sun.

To absorb its power, it is worth getting out into nature. Bioenergy experts recommend spending 21 on fresh air... And to enhance the positive impression of the day, you can talk to people of interest to you.

The surprise will bring and moon calendar... On this day, the moon enters the house of Libra and begins to grow, which goes well with the positive energy of this day. Libra belongs to air element, it is she who will dominate everything on this day. Many people can feel a truly airy lightness, despite not being the most positive attitude The moon. Its energy today is balanced by the energy of the Sun.

The cultures of many peoples, for example, the Celts and Slavs, paid close attention to the day of the summer solstice. Until now, this date is celebrated by many people. It doesn't matter what you do that day: work, relax, meet with friends. The main thing is to maintain a positive attitude. The summer solstice is great for establishing new social connections: dating, first date. And the wedding on this day promises a successful marriage.

A good way to give yourself bulk pleasant emotions- make a large, coveted purchase. But in order not to waste money, try to plan your shopping on June 21 in advance.

"The sun is for the summer, the winter is for the frost!"
Proverb

On December 21 at 21:11 (Moscow time), the earth's axis will deviate by the maximum angle in relation to the Sun, which means that North hemisphere remote from the center of our system will receive least amount Sveta. In Moscow, the day will last about 7 hours, in St. Petersburg - less than 6 hours, and beyond the Arctic Circle it will be twilight even at noon. This is the winter solstice, after which the astronomical winter begins.

People noticed this phenomenon in ancient times and noted its importance. Such famous Paleolithic sites as Stonehenge and Newgrange are oriented towards the summer and winter solstice, respectively. Located in Ireland, Newgrange is a mound with huge boulders... It was both a burial ground and a place of worship with an altar, to which a narrow corridor leads. For days before and after winter solstice rays of a heavenly body for only 15-20 minutes tear out the dark corners of the underground chamber from the darkness.

Photo: http://www.knowth.eu/newgrange-aerial.htm

For communities leading a primitive economy, this day marked the beginning of the most difficult time of the year, when nature did not provide any food, and one could rely only on their own supplies. B O Most of the livestock went under the knife due to lack of feed. By the same time, young wine was ripening. Before tightening their belts, our ancestors were not averse to feasting.

The reason for the holiday was the birth of a new star at a time when the forces of darkness are already ready to triumph and plunge the earth into chaos.

Solstice were central events in the life of peoples who worshiped the Sun as one of the supreme deities. In Egypt, Amon-Ra was revered, the Incas called themselves "sons of the Sun", in Babylon the resurrection was dedicated to the sun god Shamash (cf. Eng. Sunday(resurrection), lit. "Day of the sun"). A huge impact on the formation of modern Christmas and New Year's traditions had Greco-Roman agrarian and solar holidays.

In the second half of December, celebrations were held in Rome in honor of the god of earth and fertility Saturn (by the way, Saturday was dedicated to him, Saturday). People believed that when he was an earthly ruler, his subjects did not know need, inequality, slavery and war. Saturnalia on a short time restored the Golden Age. For a short time, the slave was equated with the master, the criminals received a mitigation of the sentence, and debts were paid. Rural work was over, people were eager to complete other business as well.

Many customs of this period are inextricably linked with the onset of the new year. Some peoples celebrated New Year on the first new moon after the winter solstice. Julius Caesar tied the beginning next year by January 1, which in 45 BC. coincided with the first new moon. The month of January bore the name of the Roman god Janus, whose ancient face turned to the past, and the young to the future. He was revered as the divine gatekeeper who unlocks and locks doors between eras.

It was believed that with any change of seasons, passages to other worlds were opened. The souls of deceased ancestors could visit the world of the living. They were to be met and adequately received with memorial meals and prayers. Thus, on festive table commemorative dishes arose, in the Russian tradition - sochivo.

In the same time, dark forces they could also leave their possessions and roam the earth in search of lonely and defenseless victims. For this reason, people at this time were supposed to stick together and defend themselves from evil spirits.

They defended themselves with the help of disguises and masks (it was assumed that the hostile spirits either did not recognize a the person, or they will consider that the place has already been taken by other evil spirits), with the help of various amulets (in certain places ritual figurines were exhibited, branches sacred trees and the doors and corners of the house were decorated with wreaths from them). The most effective method of protection was considered to be fire.

If the darkness that reigns in December makes us yearn modern inhabitants who have electricity in their houses and on the streets, what about those who only had an oil lamp and a torch? Light, the soul asks for light! Bonfires, candles, torches, fiery performances delighted the eye in the impenetrable night and signaled the sun to return.

Among the Germanic peoples, this holiday was called Yule (in different languages Yule, Joll, Joel or Yuil), among the Slavic - in different ways, for example, Kolyada. It began with the appearance of the first star in the sky and lasted 12 days. The duration is probably related to lunar cycles... V lunar month 29 days (and 30 every 2 months), which is almost 12 days (11 s 1/4) less than a solar year. This difference was considered "no one's" time, unfit for business.

Fire was not spared on Yule. All 12 days a Yule log smoldered in the hearth, which represented the world tree. It was burned from a piece of last year's log, which helped to tie the times. The Eastern Slavs burned a stump of logs and rolled them around the village. Rolling it back into the fire burning meant guaranteeing the well-being and prosperity of the entire settlement in the coming year. The southern Slavs called such a block of wood a badnyak. Sometimes he was given a beard - badnyak embodied old year giving way to the young.

The celebration on the Twelfth Night ends with a flaming bonfire, a round dance and performances. Like, for example, at Hogmanay in Scotland. Formally, he sees off the last day of the year and is celebrated on December 31 with fireworks, a torchlight procession and concerts. Be sure to perform a song reworked from a folk ballad by the beloved Scottish poet Robert Burns (18th century), whose birthday on December 25 is celebrated with a feast with traditional dishes.

Others traditional elements the end of December became holly (holly), ivy and mistletoe. They have been used for decoration since the time of Saturnalia. The idea of ​​the miraculous power of mistletoe goes back to ancient times. For the Romans, she personified life and facilitated conception. For the Scandinavians, it was a symbol of peace. The enemies who met under the mistletoe were supposed to make peace. This custom passed into modern tradition kissing under the mistletoe: Young Harry Potter kissed a girl under the mistletoe for the first time at the Yule Ball.

Holly, on the other hand, is known not only for its decorative effect, but also for a number of useful properties... Some varieties are made healing drinks... In addition, the shrub is an excellent hedge. For the druids, he personified the sun. It was customary for them to decorate houses in the very dark time years to protect against hostile spirits.

Yule has its own overseers. In Iceland, for example, for some reason it is a cat. It was believed that by the holiday one should have time to process all the sheared wool and make clothes from it. The Yule cat walked around and checked for new items. From lazy idlers, that is, from those who had nothing, the "terrible beast" took holiday dinner; or ate the lazy one himself.

The goat or goat has long been associated with the end of December, since the point of the winter solstice was previously in the constellation Capricorn (now it has shifted to the constellation Sagittarius). Finnish Santa Claus is called Joulupukki, which means "Yule goat". The Germanic, Slavic and Scandinavian peoples had a similar custom of "driving a goat." Young men put on a fur coat turned out with fur outside, a horned mask, went from house to house, acting out performances and joking with the owners. The goat teased the girls, caressed the children, then suddenly "died" and "resurrected" only after the treat. All this symbolized the eternal renewal of nature.

The festival timelessness of the solstice (both winter and summer) abolished behavioral norms and allowed ritual atrocities. So, some "goat" songs and performances had a frivolous content - for the sake of increasing fertility. Depicting rampant evil spirits, young guys could turn over carts, break fences, steal inventory, etc. On Epiphany (12th night of Yule), a "bean king" was elected - a man who found a bean in his piece of pie, became a buffoonish ruler and gave ridiculous orders to his "subjects".

Sunday 24 March 2019 football teams will meet in the qualification of the Euro 2020 group stage Russia and Kazakhstan.

This will be the second match of the Russian team in the current qualifying tournament. Let us remind you that in the first meeting, Russia met with Belgium, to which it lost with a score of 1: 3.

The Russia-Kazakhstan meeting will take place on March 24, 2019 in the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the city of Astana(which was renamed on March 20 in just a couple of hours to Nur-Sultan by the decision of the deputies of parliament). And how can one fail to recall one of the jokes dedicated to the renaming of the city, and not to say in relation to the Russian national football team that she “flew to Astana, but flew to Nur-Sultan”. Officially, the city changed its name on March 23, 2019, after the signing of the corresponding Decree by the new head of state, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

The match will be held at the stadium "Astana Arena"("Nur-Sultan Arena"). The beginning is at 17:00 Moscow time (at 20:00 local time).

That is:
* Place of the match - Kazakhstan, Astana (Nur-Sultan), "Astana Arena".
* Time of the beginning of the broadcast - 17:00 Moscow time.

Where to watch live match Russia - Kazakhstan:

In Russia the live broadcast of the football match will be shown by the federal TV channel "Match!"... Broadcast, dedicated to the game, will start at 16:35 Moscow time, the live broadcast itself - at 17:00 Moscow time.

In Kazakhstan the live broadcast of the national football teams will be shown on the channel "QAZAQSTAN" at 20:00 local time.

March 18 in Crimea is a day off or a working day:

According to the above laws, on the territory of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol the date "March 18" is a non-working holiday, an additional day off.

That is:
* March 18 in Crimea and Sevastopol is a day off.

If March 18 coincides with a day off (as, for example, happens in 2023), the day off is postponed to the next working day.

On match holiday date with annual paid leave, March 18 is not included in the number calendar days vacation, but extends it.

Is March 17 a shortened working day:

If the calendar date March 17 falls on a working day, then the duration of work on that day is reduced by 1 hour.

This norm is established in the 95th article Labor Code RF and applies to working days preceding including regional holidays.

International Women's Day on March 8 is a memorable date for the United Nations, and the organization includes 193 states. Memorable dates, announced by the General Assembly, are designed to stimulate UN members to show increased interest in these events. However, on this moment not all United Nations member states approved the celebration women's day on their territories on the specified date.

Below is a list of countries celebrating International Women's Day. Countries are grouped into groups: in a number of states, the holiday is an official day off (day off) for all citizens, somewhere on March 8 only women have a rest, and there are states where they work on March 8.

In which countries is March 8 a day off (for everyone):

* In Russia- March 8 is one of the most beloved holidays when men congratulate all women without exception.

* In Ukraine- International Women's Day continues to be an extra day off despite regular proposals to exclude the event from the list non-working days and replace it, for example, with Shevchenko's Day, which will be celebrated on March 9th.
* In Abkhazia.
* In Azerbaijan.
* In Algeria.
* In Angola.
* In Armenia.
* In Afghanistan.
* In Belarus.
* In Burkina Faso.
* In vietnam.
* In Guinea-Bissau.
* In Georgia.
* In Zambia.
* In Kazakhstan.
* In Cambodia.
* In Kenya.
* In Kyrgyzstan.
* In the DPRK.
* In Cuba.
* In Laos.
* In Latvia.
* In Madagascar.
* In Moldova.
* In Mongolia.
* In Nepal.
* In Tajikistan- since 2009, the holiday has been renamed Mother's Day.
* In Turkmenistan.
* In Uganda.
* In Uzbekistan.
* In Eritrea.
* In South Ossetia.

Countries in which March 8 is a day off only for women:

There are countries where only women are exempted from work on International Women's Day. This rule is approved:

* In China.
* In Madagascar.

Which countries celebrate March 8, but this is a working day:

In some countries, International Women's Day is widely observed, but it is a working day. It:

* Austria.
* Bulgaria.
* Bosnia and Herzegovina.
* Germany- in Berlin, since 2019, March 8 is a day off, in the whole country it is a worker.
* Denmark.
* Italy.
* Cameroon.
* Romania.
* Croatia.
* Chile.
* Switzerland.

In which countries March 8 is NOT celebrated:

* In Brazil - the majority of the inhabitants of which have not even heard of the "international" holiday on March 8. The main event of late February - early March for Brazilians and Brazilians is not Women's Day at all, but the largest in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records Brazilian festival, also called the Rio de Janeiro Carnival. In honor of the festival, the inhabitants of Brazil rest for several days in a row, from Friday to noon on Catholic Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of Lent (which for Catholics has a flexible date and begins 40 days before Catholic Easter).

* In the United States, a holiday is not a public holiday. In 1994, an attempt by activists to validate the celebration in Congress was unsuccessful.

* In the Czech Republic (Czech Republic) - most of the country's population considers the holiday as a relic of the communist past and main character the old regime.

Since ancient times, people believed that at this time it is possible to attract many positive changes in their lives in terms of material wealth and well-being.

After reading this article, you can find out which is the longest and short night a year.

People of many nationalities believed in the unusual mystical power of the solstice time. This magical period, according to many, is characterized by incredible strength its energy and is marked by the longest night.

Before we find out which night is the longest of the year, let's take a quick look at what this time represented for people who lived in previous centuries.

General information from history

In Russia, since the 18th century, a rather interesting rite was associated with this day (winter solstice). The headman of the bell ringers of the Moscow cathedral, who was responsible for the striking of the clock, came to bow to the tsar. On this day, he reported to the ruler that the sun had turned around for the summer, the day was slowly beginning to increase, and the night was decreasing. The king, in turn, for such good news he gave money to the headman.

December 22 can be called New Year, but natural. Sun at 21 hours 11 minutes. Moscow time on December 21 drops to the maximum in the southern hemisphere, thus the astronomical winter begins. At the latitude of Moscow longitude daylight hours is 6 hours 56 minutes.

It is dark for quite a long time from December 21 to 22. The lowest setting of the sun is precisely after such a night - on the day of the winter solstice. They also call it the solstice.

In everyday life, this phenomenon is invisible for people, but it is perfectly demonstrated in special photographs taken by astronomers. The sun is photographed at the same time all year round, then all images are combined into one image. It shows an analemma - a bizarre trajectory of the change in the location of the star in the sky. It is in the form of a figure of eight, on which the very edge of the lower loop corresponds to the solstice. So the most long night- from 21 to 22 December.

After this "New Year", the day gradually begins to increase until it compares in its duration with the night, and this is the day vernal equinox which comes on March 20th. Then (June 21) comes the summer solstice, when the day is the longest, but the night is the shortest.

The funniest night

The longest night of the year (the number shown above) is also the most fun for many peoples.

The ancient peoples of Great Britain many centuries ago tried to joke a lot, laugh and have fun on this night. People believed that the problems voiced in the form of jokes that night would definitely be positively resolved in the near future. They were confident that the more fun during this period, the luckier the coming year will be.

On the mystical power of a significant period

The longest night of the year has mystical power in the minds of many nations. It has long been believed that the solstice is a significant day. During this period, there is a revival of all the brightest, and the subsequent addition of hours of daylight hours marks the victory of light over darkness.

The meeting of this significant time always took place in a special way: folk holidays were timed to coincide with it. The Celts, for example, celebrated Yule (an analogue of the New Year) during this period. On the day of the solstice, the Slavic peoples worshiped Karachun (the deity of cold and darkness, the lord of winter).

According to the beliefs of the Slavs, on this night, darkness conquers the light, and with the arrival of a new morning, everything ends happily. With the victory of the light, the world is renewed, and victory triumphs over evil.

In cultures different nations the time of the winter solstice (the longest night of the year) was considered the most favorable for performing various rituals and ceremonies. Many of them, which came from antiquity, can be applied now, since the power of the longest night of the year has not diminished in the least over time, and people, as before, always have a desire to change themselves and their lives for the better.

The energy of the transition from darkness to light (renewal) helps to get rid of all unnecessary and attract the desired.

Rite of passage to get rid of problems

When the longest night of the year passes, it is possible to experience the beneficial effects of the solstice on yourself.

Rituals are especially effective at precisely such a time (energetically saturated) as the day of the solstice. You should take advantage of this opportunity, because such a period happens only 2 times a year.

The rite of passage to get rid of various problems, due to the fact that the solstice occurs almost before the New Year. Everyone wants to go to new stage life, leaving setbacks and difficulties behind. And it is precisely such a period that can help in this: the energy message sent to the Universe during the ritual is reliable remedy in problem solving.

You need to carry out the ceremony in solitude, after the Sun leaves the horizon. What is it? You should light a candle and, peering into the fire, think about the troubles and problems that interfere with life and which you want to get rid of. At the same time, say the following words: “I drive away the darkness with fire, I save myself from oppression. The night will pass- he will take my problems with him. As the day grows, my life will be filled with happiness. Be it. "

After these words, the candle should burn for some time in safe place, and before going to bed, it should be extinguished and the ritual completed in the following words: "Let everything that you wish come true."

Conclusion

December 22 is such a long night! She can help to do many important things: to meet, make peace, think over and make wishes, analyze the past and think about the future ...

Incredible facts

From 21 to 22 December, the Northern Hemisphere will experience the shortest day and longest night. This phenomenon is called the winter solstice.

The winter solstice marks the beginning of an astronomical winter.

What happens during the winter solstice, when this date falls, and what traditions exist on this day.

Here are the 10 most interesting facts about the short day a year.

What is the date of the winter solstice in 2018

The date of the winter solstice changes from year to year and can fall from December 20 to 23, but most often it occurs on December 21 or 22.

The reason is that the tropical year, the time it takes for the Sun to return to the same point relative to the Earth, is different from the calendar year. The next winter solstice, which falls on December 20, will occur in 2080, and on December 23 only in 2303.

The winter solstice in 2018 falls on December 21 at 22:23 UTC ( December 22 at 1:23 am MSK).

2. The winter solstice occurs at a certain short moment

The winter solstice occurs not only on a certain day, but also on certain time days when the angle of inclination of the Earth's axis relative to the Sun is 23.5 degrees. In the northern hemisphere, the sun is at its lowest above the horizon, and beyond the polar circle, the sun does not even rise above the horizon.

As the winter solstice approaches daytime shortens, and after it gradually lengthens. The winter solstice is the shortest day and longest night in the northern hemisphere.

So, for example, in Moscow the length of the day during the winter solstice will be 7h 0m 20sec up from 17h 33m 40s during the summer solstice. In Helsinki, Finland, the day will last 5 hours 49 minutes, and in Murmansk there will be no sunrise at all - you can observe the polar night there.

4. Ancient cultures considered the winter solstice - the time of death and rebirth

Seeming death of light and real threat hunger during winter months has been a heavy burden in many cultures. Therefore, at this time, they often arranged various holidays, calling for the return of the Sun and hope for a new life.

During the rituals, fires were lit and cattle sacrificed, after which a feast was held with dishes from the last fresh meat. In the tradition of the Druids, the death of the old Sun and the birth of a new Sun were revered.

5. The day is marked by new and unusual discoveries

Interestingly, on this day in 1898, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radium, which was the beginning of the atomic era. And on December 21, 1968, Apollo 8 was launched, when humans first entered circumlunar orbit and reached the Moon.

6. The word "solstice" is translated as "the sun stands motionless"

This is due to the position of the Sun in the sky relative to the horizon at noon, which rises or falls throughout the year, and seems to stop at the solstice.

We are currently looking at this phenomenon in terms of cosmic location. In ancient times, people thought about the trajectory of the Sun, how long it stood in the sky, and what kind of light it threw.

7. Stonehenge is aligned with the sunset on the winter solstice

For a long time, for many people, the famous Stonehenge monument was a kind of sundial. Its main axis aimed at sunset, while another Newgrange monument points to the line of the rising sun at the winter solstice.

Although the purpose of this ancient structure is still a matter of controversy, it still has great importance during the winter solstice, gathering many people from all over the world to celebrate this event.

Winter solstice festival

8.The ancient Romans celebrated the role-reversal holiday - Saturnalia

At this time, they organized the holiday of Saturnalia, when everything was turned upside down. Social roles changed, masters served slaves, and slaves were allowed to insult their masters. The holiday was named after the god Saturn, the patron saint of agriculture.

Wearing masks and pretending was also part of Saturnalia, where a king of revelry was chosen in every house. Over time, Saturnalia was replaced by Christmas, although many of its traditions in the west migrated to Christmas.

9. Many believed that during the winter solstice dark spirits walk on the earth

The ancient Iranian festival of Yalda, celebrated on the longest night of the year, heralded the birth of ancient god The sun and his victory over darkness.

The Zoroastrians believed that evil spirits roamed the earth that day. People tried to spend most of the night in each other's company, had feasts, conversations, told stories and poems in order to avoid any collisions with dark entities.

The presence of evil spirits on the longest night is also mentioned in Celtic and Germanic folklore.

10. During the 2012 winter solstice, the end of the world was foreshadowed

December 21, 2012 corresponds to the date 13.0.0.0.0 in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar used by the ancient Maya. It marked the end of the 5126-year cycle. Many believed that such a combination of circumstances would lead to the end of the world or another cataclysm.