Recommendations for parents to adapt their children to the dhow. Recommendations for parents on adapting a child to kindergarten.docx - Recommendations for parents on adapting a child to kindergarten. Problems that may arise

11.04.2019

Adaptation - adaptation of the individual to the conditions of the social environment and the result of this process; adaptation, getting used to new conditions.

Kindergarten - new period in the life of a child. For a kid, this is, first of all, the first experience of collective communication. Not all children accept the new environment, strangers immediately and without problems. Most of them react to kindergarten with crying. Some easily enter the group, but cry in the evenings at home, others agree to go to kindergarten in the morning, and before entering the group begin to be capricious and cry. The older the child is, the faster he is able to adapt.

There are certain reasons that cause tears in a child:

Anxiety associated with a change of environment (a child under 3 years old still needs increased attention). At the same time, from the usual, calm home atmosphere, where the mother is near and at any time can come to the rescue, he moves to an unfamiliar space (meets, albeit friendly, but strangers), and the regime (it can be difficult for a child to accept the norms and rules of life of the group he is in). In kindergarten, a certain discipline is taught, but at home it was not so important. In addition, the child's personal daily routine is violated, this can provoke tantrums and unwillingness to go to a preschool educational institution).

Excessive impressions. At the preschool educational institution, the baby experiences many new positive and negative experiences, he can overwork and, as a result, get nervous, cry, and be capricious.

Lack of self-service skills. This greatly complicates the child's stay in kindergarten.

Psychological unreadiness of the child for kindergarten... This problem is the most difficult and may be associated with individual characteristics of development. Most often this happens when the child does not have enough emotional communication with mom.

Negative first impression of attending kindergarten. It can be crucial for the child's continued stay in preschool.

Personal rejection of adults in contact with your baby. Such a phenomenon should not be considered as mandatory, but it is possible.

Ways to reduce your child's stress.

Simple actions can reduce anxiety and positively affect the child's adaptation to new life conditions. So, it is recommended to accustom the child to kindergarten gradually. Parents should prepare themselves and their baby in advance for the first day of visiting a preschool. It is necessary in advance to create a daily routine for the child at home (sleep, games and food intake), corresponding to the preschool educational program.

On weekends, it is worth adhering to the daily routine adopted in the preschool educational institution, repeating all the activities that the baby has already learned. By adhering to this advice, everyone regime moments in a group will not cause your child to react to protest, which in turn will have a positive effect on his behavior.

It is advisable to put the child to bed early at home, stay with him longer before bedtime, talk about the kindergarten, considering all the positive aspects.

In the early days, you should not leave your baby in kindergarten for more than two hours. The residence time should be increased gradually. After 2-3 weeks ( this period is individual for each child), taking into account the desire of the baby and the recommendations of the teacher, you can leave him for the whole day at the preschool educational institution.

If the baby is crying, you should take him in your arms, calm him down - he probably lacks the touch of his mother, of which there were much more recently. But be careful - you shouldn't “get emotional” yourself, because children intuitively feel what mood their parents are in. By doing this, you yourself can harm your baby.

Each time after coming from kindergarten, you need to ask your child about how the day went, what impressions he got (if your kid can explain to you). It is imperative to focus the child's attention on positive aspects, since parents with such short remarks are able to form in them positive attitude to a preschool institution.

Leave time every day for conversations with the child about what a kindergarten is, why it is needed and why mom wants to take him there (it’s interesting, there are other children walking and playing, mom needs to take care of the family’s affairs).

Plan your walks to the kindergarten in advance. Pay your child's attention to the beauty of the kindergarten area. Focus the child's attention on the fact that soon he will be able to walk and play here with all the children and the teacher.

Proudly tell your friends in the presence of your baby that he has already grown up and is preparing to go to kindergarten.

Before the first visit, tell your child about the daily routine in the kindergarten, what the children are doing there and who the caregivers are. This will help the baby to more easily accept the newness in his life.

Tell him that he will be able to make new friends in kindergarten. Teach him exemplary phrases, words, how he can address his new friends. Read poems or children's stories about kindergarten, show pictures.

Be sure to talk to him about the role of the caregiver. Many children mistakenly believe that their mother abandoned them and gave them to someone else's aunt. Teach your child how to contact a caregiver, how to properly state your needs.

Play a kindergarten game with your child at home. Create a pair typical situationsthat may arise in a children's group. Give some suggestions for your baby to help him respond to them. With this, you will already lay the foundations for communication and the baby's entry into a new team - first for children, then for school, and then for an adult.

Maintain relationships with the caregiver and other parents. Take an interest in who your baby is friends with, and welcome and encourage friendship. Take part in the baby's life, rejoice in his success and creativity. This is a good foundation for a strong parent-child relationship.

Solve conflict situations, misunderstandings with educators without aggression and not in the presence of the child. Do not criticize the kindergarten, do not be indignant at the shortcomings of the work of a preschool institution with a child.

The problem of adaptation of first-graders to school is relevant both for parents and for the entire education system. Coming to school, finding themselves in a new situation for themselves, almost all children worry and worry. Both the teacher and the educator, as well as the parents, are interested in the first graders to enter school life as quickly and successfully as possible.

Most first graders come to school from kindergarten. There were games, walks, a quiet regimen, a nap, the teacher was always nearby. There, the current first graders were the oldest children! At school, everything is different: here - work in a rather intense mode and a new rigid system of requirements. It takes time and energy to adapt to them.

The period of adaptation to school is very difficult for first graders, it lasts from 2-3 weeks to six months. It depends on many factors: individual characteristics child like educational institution, difficulty level educational programs, the degree of preparedness of the child for school.

Adaptation - addiction, "fit" the child into some kind of environment.

Learning motivation is very important for the successful adaptation of first graders. In the first year, it is mainly provided by adults. How they react to the little ones' attempts to master or learn something new largely depends on whether the first graders want to learn. For the development of learning motivation, it is important that the first steps of the child in school are met with interest and understanding on the part of adults.

1. Study your child by watching him in different situations, which will help you better know your baby, certain traits of his character.

2. Develop the child's physical activity, because a hardy child who is accustomed to physical activity tolerates adaptation more easily than a weak and sedentary child.

3. Do not indulge all the whims of the child, do not abuse affection, because this can lead to stubbornness and moodiness.

4. Don't suppress the urge to be independent.

5. Try to answer all of the child's questions as curiosity at this age knows no boundaries.

6. Teach your child to cope independently with emerging school difficulties.

7. Do not be nervous or upset about the failure of the child, because he is afraid once again upset parents.

8. Teach your child to be friends with children: be honest, respect friends, invite them to your home, do not allow betrayal, criticize, not humiliating, but supporting. Remember that childhood friendships that you support can become the mainstay of your child in adulthood.

9. “This is the cherished desire of every father, every mother, so that children want to study well. It has its source in the desire to bring joy to mother and father. And this desire awakens in baby heart only then, the child has already experienced, experienced the joy of doing good for people. I am deeply convinced that it is possible to force a child to study well by encouraging him to do good deeds for the good of people, by establishing in his heart a sensitivity to the world around him, by bringing up the ability to cognize the inner world of another person with his heart. " (Sukhomlinsky V.A.)

Remember: Your child will learn at school differently than you did. Never scold your child with hurtful words for the inability to understand or do something. Try to only positively evaluate your child's studies, even if it seems to you that his success is clearly insufficient. Live in the name of your child, show him maximum attention, worry about every baby's failure and rejoice even in his smallest successes. Be a friend to him, then the baby will entrust you with the most intimate.

Development of the cognitive and emotionally volitional sphere.

Dear parents, each of you wishes a happy future for your child. One of the components of a happy life is a future profession. But not every parent understands that general education is the foundation, foundation future profession... And the basis of a student's education is his mental abilities. If the child's level of development of cognitive processes (thinking, memory, attention, imagination, etc.) is at a high level, then, accordingly, in the future the child will be able to learn for a good profession, if the development of mental abilities is at a low level, then it is unlikely that the child will be able to master such a profession, therefore, dear parents, you should pay special attention to the development of cognitive processes:

1. In the classroom, children are required to quickly switch attention from one type of activity to another. Parents can develop this property of attention at home with the help of motor exercises. Children can perform and finish their actions on command, quickly moving from one type of movement to another (use physical exercises): walk, jump, stop.

3. Train with prolonged concentration: listen and retell a story, draw a city, play board games.

4. Offer children more often following exercises: in a newspaper, in an old book on one of the pages, cross out all the letters "a" with a pencil, trying not to miss them (the task can be gradually complicated by asking the child to cross out all the letters "a", circle all the letters "k", underline all the letters "about").

5. Use didactic games with clearly defined rules.

6. Regularly include children in the tasks according to a pre-developed action plan: you can carry out constructions from constructors, drawings, ornaments, appliqués, crafts, the shape of which you specify verbally or using a diagram.

7. To train memory, ask children to retell stories, fairy tales according to a schematic plan drawn up by you.

8. Offer the children:

A) repeat the words, numbers, sentences you said;

B) unfinished phrases that need to be completed;

C) questions that need to be answered, encouraging those children who try to answer them more often;

9. For the development of thinking, learn to compare, analyze the sample and the results of your own and someone else's work, find and correct mistakes.

10. Periodic switching from one type of work to another, active cognitive activity, the formation of control and self-control - this approach will help develop the cognitive processes necessary for the correct perception, understanding of the educational material at school, and this in turn will help the child in the future not only in mastering the profession, but also in interaction with others.

Dear parents, remember that the development of the child's emotional-volitional sphere is the basis for the development of cognitive processes, therefore, with the above recommendations, you must remember that your child needs warmth, comfort, peace that you can create at home, in the family. Therefore, if the emotional side of the personality of children is correctly developed (that is, the child will not be impulsive, the child adequately perceives criticism, the child does not behave aggressively in conflict, etc.) then his mental development will also be at a high level. Teach children to be more understanding, to seek compromises in conflicts, and most importantly, love your children, hug them more often. Speak pleasant words, praise them, let them feel your care, create harmony in parent-child relationships.

Psychologist Rybakov A.N.

on adapting a child to kindergarten

Kindergarten is a new period in a child's life. For a kid, this is, first of all, the first experience of collective communication. Not all children accept the new environment, strangers immediately and without problems. Most of them react to kindergarten with crying. Some easily enter the group, but cry in the evening at home, others agree to go to kindergarten in the morning, and before entering the group begin to be capricious and cry. Than older child, the faster he is able to adapt.

If it is difficult to cope with a child in the evening after kindergarten, then the main reason for this behavior is fatigue. Previously, the baby's environment was limited to family members and friends in the sandbox, but now he has to spend the whole day in a large and noisy company. Separation from mom and the presence of a large number of strangers around are the main sources of tension for the baby. In addition, at home he lives according to the same rules, and in the kindergarten they differ to a greater or lesser extent from those at home. And every day he has to switch between your communication style and the teachers' communication style. Of course, caring parents need to mitigate the traumatic situation that the child is experiencing, and help him adapt, relieve stress after staying in kindergarten.

EMOTIONAL ASPECT

Adaptation is the adaptation of the body to a new environment, and for a child, a kindergarten is undoubtedly a new, as yet unknown space, with a new environment and new relationships. Adaptation includes a wide range of individual reactions, the nature of which depends on the psychophysiological and personality traits child, from the prevailing family relations, from the conditions of stay in a preschool institution. That is, as you already understood, each child gets used to it in its own way. However, there are some regularities that I would like to tell parents about.

Firstly, it must be remembered that up to 2-3 years old the child does not feel the need to communicate with peers, it has not yet formed. At this age, an adult acts for the child as a play partner, a role model and satisfies the child's need for benevolent attention and cooperation. Peers cannot give this, because they themselves need the same.

therefore normal child cannot quickly adapt to the nursery, because he is strongly attached to the mother, and her disappearance causes a violent protest from the child, especially if he is impressionable and emotionally sensitive.

Children 2-3 years old experience fears of strangers and new situations of communication, which is exactly what is fully manifested in the nursery. These fears are one of the reasons for the difficult adaptation of the child to the nursery. Often, the fear of new people and situations in the nursery leads to the fact that the child becomes more excitable, vulnerable, touchy, tearful, he is more likely to get sick, since stress depletes the body's defenses.

Thus, the more developed the emotional connection with the mother, the more difficult it will be to adapt. Unfortunately, not all children can overcome adaptation problems, which can lead to the development of neurosis in a child.

It is always difficult for the only children in the family to get used to the kindergarten or the nursery, especially the overprotected, dependent on the mother, accustomed to exceptional attention, insecure.

Children with phlegmatic temperament feel worse than others in preschool institutions. They can't keep up with the pace of kindergarten life: they can't get dressed quickly, get ready for a walk, or eat. And if the teacher does not understand the problems of such a child, then he begins to spur him on even more, while emotional stress acts in such a way that the child becomes even more inhibited, becomes even more lethargic, indifferent.

If you notice that your child is having trouble adjusting, then try talking to a caregiver. Your child needs constant attention and support from his side, since other children tend to tease and offend the weaker and dependent. In this case, of course, the excessive exactingness and adherence to principles of the educator will be a serious brake.

Conflicts in the family and lack of communication between parents will also be a complicating factor in adaptation. Children inadvertently internalize the negative behaviors of their parents, which complicates their relationships with peers. They behave uncertainly and indecisively, worry a lot, doubt, therefore they cannot be accepted in the group.

KINDERGARTEN ADAPTATION: MODE

Often, difficulties in adapting to kindergarten are caused by the fact that the child does not manage to get used to the new regime. Regime in a child's life is extremely important, and a sudden change in it is, of course, additional stress. Find out the mode of your kindergarten and start gradually introducing it at home, adapting the child to it. It's good if you did this a month and a half before the baby first appears in the garden. The child will only get better from this, because all kindergartens operate in the same mode, recommended by pediatricians and pediatric neurologists.

ADAPTATION OF A CHILD TO KINDERGARTEN: IT'S TIME TO SLEEP

Make sure your child gets a good night's sleep. Prolonged lack of sleep is often the cause of neurotic states characterized by tearfulness, weakening of attention, memory. In these cases, children become agitated or, conversely, lethargic. Neurotic conditions can be accompanied by a decrease in appetite and body resistance to disease. It is extremely important for the baby to sleep at least 10 hours at night and 2–2.5 hours during the day. Wherein maximum duration continuous wakefulness should not exceed 6 hours.

ADAPTATION OF A CHILD TO KINDERGARTEN: GOOD MORNING, BABY!

Waking up in the morning from sleep is also an important moment. Of course, the best thing is to wake up on your own, but this does not always happen at 7:00 in the morning. If the child is woken up, especially in the phase of deep sleep, then the baby does not wake up immediately, it is difficult, for a long time he cannot join the day's activities, he is capricious, sometimes lethargic and passive. Wake your baby up 10 minutes early, let him soak up a little in bed until he wakes up completely.

Getting dressed

Put on in the kindergarten only those clothes in which the child can feel relaxed and free, which he will be able to easily take off and put on on his own. It doesn't have to be new and expensive. Neither the child nor the caregiver should be concerned that the thing gets wrinkled or dirty - this creates additional emotional stress. The time spent by the child in the group in the first weeks should be increased very gradually, perhaps at first it should be left only until lunchtime at first. It is possible to increase the stay time only if the child is in a good emotional state.

ADAPTATION OF A CHILD TO KINDERGARTEN: YOU ARE ALREADY BIG!

Try to let the baby wash, dress, fall asleep and eat carefully at a common table, using a fork and spoon, and drink from a cup. Track how long it takes him to eat his lunch - usually in the garden 30 minutes are allocated for it. It is also important thatchild could do without assistance in the toilet and inform adults about this need.

The better these skills are developed in a child, the less emotional and physical discomfort he experiences when he is away from his mother in an unfamiliar group.

Maximum attention

No matter how well the kid is prepared for kindergarten, at first it will be difficult for him. During this period, you need to take care of the baby as carefully as possible. Pay special attention to the organization good rest child. You should not take him on a visit, come home late, receive friends. The kid during this period is overloaded with impressions, his nervous system should be spared.

Upon returning home from kindergarten, it often happens that the child falls asleep earlier than usual, but does not wake up early. This means that he needs more rest to recuperate. If you have observed such a situation, try to pick up the baby early the next day and, after bringing him home, immediately wash and feed. Perhaps it is still difficult for him to sleep in the kindergarten, in the new building, with other children. If the child is unable to sleep during quiet hours, then it is normal that he makes up for the lack of sleep in the evening. Ask the teacher if your child sleeps in kindergarten and how much.

ADAPTATION OF A CHILD TO KINDERGARTEN: NO ADDITIONAL LOAD

Set aside all innovations for a while. Now is not the right time to change the nanny, make repairs in the apartment, or arrange the baby in a new circle. In kindergarten, a child spends a lot of energy, both emotional and physical. He already has enough new impressions. He is usually overwhelmed with new information and gets tired in the evening. The task of the parents is to create a peaceful environment at home. After returning home, the baby has dinner and is engaged in quiet games: he needs to calm down, and perhaps even be alone with himself.

A family

The child does not see his parents all day. When he comes home, he needs from mom and dad what he does not receive in kindergarten: participation, positive attention from adults and the opportunity to speak out. Therefore, having brought the baby home, do not rush to immediately do household chores. Hang out with him, play or read together. Children are different. For one, there will be enough music and fairy tales in the kindergarten, and he will prefer to run around the yard before going to bed. The other, on the contrary, has been running around in a day and will listen to an interesting story with pleasure.

Do not rush home after kindergarten, stop at the playground along the way, or just wander around, accompanying the walk with a fun conversation. This will help you change from kindergarten to home environment... Discuss the past day with your baby, listen patiently, answer all questions and be sure to support if the slightest trouble occurs.

Do not scare the garden

If the baby is agitated and uncontrollable, do not try to restrain him with phrases like: "If you do not calm down, I will take you back to kindergarten!" Don't portray the kindergarten as a place to be punished.

PARENT PREPAREDNESS

The most important thing is a positive attitude towards kindergarten, if you believe that kindergarten is the most the best place on earth for your child, so will your child, albeit at the level of internal sensations. If you don't think so, take up auto-training - take a piece of paper and write in response to the question "Why do I need a kindergarten?" everything positive that you know about this (for example, "My child's circle of contacts will expand, and this is very useful for his development" - yes, even a negative experience is useful, since a child develops only by overcoming obstacles, as, incidentally, and any person, or “I can safely walk to the store without tearing the screaming child away from bright boxes" etc.
Walk with your child on the playground more often, do not rush to intervene in any conflict, give the child the opportunity to learn how to find a way out of the situation, and give yourself the opportunity to be proud of the child.
At least once a week, change the place for walking with your child - it can be a neighbor's yard (and how many are there?), A park, a zoo, the city center, just drive 2 bus stops, and go back on foot or vice versa, etc.
Go with the child to visit and invite guests to your place, preferably with children of different ages - teach the child to communicate, play together, give his toys to play, ask strangers, etc. - show how to do it.
Play with your child at home in kindergarten, from household processes (feeding, dressing, sleeping), to games and activities. The role of the child can be played by the child himself or some kind of toy. "This is how Sasha eats neatly, like children in a kindergarten", "All the children went to bed in their beds and Tanechka will also go to bed in her bed."
If you have decided on the choice of a preschool institution, start exploring its territory, come for morning and evening walks (which will also help you and your child get used to the kindergarten regime), get to know the teachers, play with the children, memorize their names so that later remind them to the child ... Visit a kindergarten psychologist, consult with nurse or a doctor, i.e. get as much information as possible about the place where your child will spend most of the time. The most important thing is your trust and faith that everything will be fine.

Your child has come to kindergarten

If you have taken into account all the previous recommendations, then 90% of the most difficult is over.
Be sure to follow the adaptation schedule, i.e. mode short stay child in kindergarten, starting from 2 hours. A health worker or a kindergarten psychologist will introduce you to the schedule. Give the child the opportunity to gradually get used to new conditions, to new people, to new rules, to the absence of a mother.
You can give your child a toy or a book with you, the word "piece" of the house.
Communicate with the teacher every day, not with the aim of asking who pushed and who took away the toy, but with the aim of figuring out how you can adjust your relationship with your child at home so that he gets used to the new living conditions easier and faster. Let the teacher be your assistant in raising your child.
Support the child during the adaptation period, pay less attention to his whims, give him your warmth and love. Try not to change anything in the child's life during this period (do not wean from the nipple, breast - it is better to do this in advance, do not go to visit for a long time, do not invite people unknown to the baby, etc.). Take care of the child's nervous system! But the most important condition for the successful adaptation not so much of the child as of the whole family is the parents' readiness for the child to go to kindergarten (public or private), or somehow change the conditions of his life, for example, a nanny will sit with him, or long time the child will move to his grandmother, etc.

Be patient, understanding and discerning. And very soon the kindergarten will turn into a cozy, familiar and familiar world for the kid!

In general terms, this process is understood as the adaptation of an individual to a new environment and conditions. Such changes have an impact on the psyche of any person, including babies, who are forced to adapt to the garden.

It is necessary to understand in more detail what is adaptation to kindergarten. First of all, it is required from the child of huge energy costs, as a result of which the child's body is overstrained. In addition, the changed living conditions cannot be discounted, namely:

mom and dad and other relatives are absent nearby;
you must follow a clear daily routine;
need to interact with other children;
the amount of time devoted to a specific child decreases (the teacher communicates with 15 - 20 kids at the same time);
the baby is forced to obey the demands of strangers.

So, the baby's life is changing radically. In addition, the adaptation process is often fraught with undesirable shifts in the child's body, which are externally expressed in the form of disturbed behavioral norms and "bad" actions.

The stressful state in which the child is trying to adapt to the changed conditions is expressed by the following states:

disturbed sleep - the child wakes up with tears and refuses to fall asleep;
decreased appetite (or lack thereof) - the child does not want to try unfamiliar dishes;
regression psychological skills - a child who used to speak, who knows how to dress, use cutlery, potty, “loses” such skills;
decreased cognitive interest - kids are not interested in new play accessories and peers;
aggression or apathy - active children suddenly decrease their activity, and before calm kids show aggressiveness;
decreased immunity - during the period of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten, resistance to infectious diseases decreases.

Thus, the adaptation process is a complex phenomenon, during which the child's behavior can change dramatically. As you get used to the kindergarten, such problems disappear or are significantly smoothed out.

Adaptation degrees

The process of adaptation of a child in kindergarten can proceed in different ways. Some children are more likely to get used to the changed environment, while others bother their parents for a long time with negative behavioral reactions. It is by the severity and duration of the above problems that the success of the adaptation process is judged.

Psychologists distinguish several degrees of the adaptation process characteristic of toddlers.

In this case, the baby joins the children's team in 2 - 4 weeks. This type of adaptation is typical for most children and is characterized by the accelerated disappearance of negative behavioral reactions. You can judge that the kid easily gets used to the kindergarten by the following features:

he enters without tears and hysterics and remains in the group room;
when looking into the eyes of teachers;
able to voice a request for help;
is the first to make contact with peers;
able to occupy himself for a short period of time;
easily adjusts to the daily routine;
responds adequately to educational approving or disapproving remarks;
tells his parents about the lessons in the garden.

How long does it take adaptation period in kindergarten in in this case? At least 1.5 months. At the same time, the child is often sick, demonstrates pronounced negative reactions, but it is impossible to talk about his maladjustment and inability to join the team.

When observing a child, it can be noted that he:

has difficulty parting with his mother, cries a little after separation;
when distracted, forgets about parting and joins the game;
communicates with peers and an educator;
adheres to the announced rules and regulations;
responds adequately to comments;
rarely becomes the instigator of conflict situations.

Heavy adaptation

Kids with a severe type of adaptation process are quite rare, but they can easily be found in the children's team. Some of them show open aggression when visiting a kindergarten, others withdraw into themselves, demonstrating complete detachment from what is happening. The duration of addiction can range from 2 months to several years. In especially difficult cases, they talk about complete maladjustment and the impossibility of attending a preschool.

The main features of a child with a severe degree of adaptation:

unwillingness to contact peers and adults;
tears, tantrums, stupor when parting with parents for a long time;
refusal to enter the playroom from the locker room;
unwillingness to play, eat, go to bed;
aggressiveness or isolation;
inadequate response to the teacher's appeal to him (tears or fright).

It should be understood that absolute inability to kindergarten is an extremely rare phenomenon, therefore it is necessary to consult a specialist (psychologist, neurologist, pediatrician) and work out a plan of action together. In some cases, doctors may advise to postpone the visit to the preschool educational institution.

What influences the adaptation of the child?

So, the period of adaptation of kids in kindergarten always proceeds in different ways. But what influences its success? Among critical factors experts attribute age characteristics, children's health, degree of socialization, level cognitive development etc.

Often, parents, trying to go out early workplace, send the baby to kindergarten at two years old, or even earlier. However, more often than not, such a step does not bring much benefit, since a young child is not yet able to interact with peers.

Of course, each child is a bright individual, however, according to many psychologists, it is possible to identify the optimal age interval, which is most suitable for getting used to kindergarten - and this is 3 years.

It's all about the so-called crisis period three years... As soon as the baby passes this stage, his level of independence rises, decreases psychological dependence from his mother, therefore, it is much easier for him to part with her for several hours.

Why shouldn't you rush to send your child to preschool? At the age of 1 - 3 years, the formation of child-parent relations and affection for the mother. That is why prolonged separation from the latter causes a nervous breakdown in the baby and disrupts basic trust to the world.

In addition, one cannot fail to note the great independence of three-year-olds: they, as a rule, have pot etiquette, can drink from a cup, some children are already trying to dress on their own. Such skills make it much easier to get used to the garden.

Health status

Children with serious chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, etc.) quite often experience difficulties with addiction due to the characteristics of the body and an increased psychological connection with their parents.

The same applies to children who are often sick for a long time. Such babies require special conditions, reduced stress and supervision of medical personnel. That is why experts recommend giving them to kindergarten later, especially since, due to pain, the regime of visiting a preschool educational institution will be disrupted.

The main problems of adaptation of sick children in the nursery group:

an even greater decrease in immunity;
increased susceptibility to infections;
increased emotional lability (periods of tearfulness, exhaustion);
the emergence of unusual aggressiveness, increased activity, or, on the contrary, slowness.

Before entering a preschool institution, children are required to undergo a medical examination. There is no need to be afraid of this, on the contrary, parents will have the opportunity to once again consult with doctors about how to survive adaptation with minimal losses.

Degree of psychological development

Another point that can prevent successful addiction to preschool educational institutions is a deviation from the average indicators of cognitive development. Moreover, it can lead to maladjustment as a detained mental developmentand giftedness.

In case of a delay in mental formation, special correctional programsthat help fill the knowledge gaps and increase the cognitive activity of babies. Under favorable conditions, such children school age catching up with their peers.

A gifted child, surprisingly, also falls into the risk group, since his cognitive ability higher than among peers, besides, he may experience difficulties with socialization and communication with classmates.

Socialization level

The adaptation of a child to kindergarten involves the growth of contacts with peers and with unfamiliar adults. At the same time, there is a certain pattern - those kids whose social circle was not limited to parents and grandmothers are more likely to get used to the new society.

The same children who rarely interacted with other children, on the contrary, find it difficult to adapt to changed conditions. Weak communication skills, inability to resolve conflict situations causes an increase in anxiety and leads to reluctance to attend kindergarten.

Of course, this factor largely depends on the teachers. If the teacher gets along well with the child, adaptation will noticeably accelerate. That is why, if there is such an opportunity, you should enroll in a group with the teacher, the reviews about which are most often positive.

Stages of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten

The adaptation of children is a heterogeneous process, therefore, experts distinguish several periods characterized by the severity of negative reactions. Of course, such a division is rather arbitrary, but it helps to understand how successful addiction will be.

The first stage is also acute.Its main feature is the maximum mobilization of the child's body. The child is constantly excited and tense, it is not surprising that parents and teachers note tearfulness, nervousness, moodiness and even hysteria.

In addition to psychological changes, physiological changes can also be detected. In some cases, there is an increase or decrease in heart rate, blood pressure indicators. The susceptibility to infections increases.

The second phase is called moderately acute, since the severity of negative reactions decreases, and the child adapts to the changed conditions. There is a decrease in the excitability and nervousness of the baby, an improvement in appetite, sleep, and the normalization of the psychoemotional sphere.

However, it is not yet necessary to speak of complete stabilization of the state. Throughout this period, a return is possible. negative emotions, the appearance of undesirable reactions in the form of tantrums, tearfulness or unwillingness to part with their parents.

Third stage - compensated - stabilizes childhood condition. In the final adaptation period, there is full recovery psychophysiological reactions, the child successfully joins the team. Moreover, he can acquire new skills - for example, using a potty or dressing on his own.

How to adapt a child to kindergarten? 6 useful skills for a kindergartner

To make the habituation process as successful, quick and painless as possible, experts advise to instill in the future preschool child the most important skills in advance. That is why parents should know what it is desirable to teach a child who goes to a preschool educational institution.

Dress and undress yourself. Ideally, three-year-olds should already take off swimming trunks, socks, tights, put on a T-shirt and blouse, jacket. Difficulties can arise with fasteners, but you still need to accustom them to them. To do this, you can buy lacing toys. Also, hang pictures of the dressing sequence in the room (you can download them for free on the Internet).
Use a spoon / fork. Ability to use cutlery contributes to the ease of addiction. To do this, you need to give up drinking bowls, bottles, non-spills, which do not contribute to early growing up.
Ask and go to the potty. You should get rid of diapers already at the age of one and a half years, especially since the ability to ask for and walk into a night vase will greatly simplify adaptation, since the child will feel more confident among skillful peers.
Perceive different foods. For many three-year-olds, food selectivity is characteristic. Ideally, parents should be closer home menu to kindergarten. Then breakfasts and lunches at the preschool educational institution will not resemble a war between children and educators.
Communicate with adults. Quite often, you can hear a kind of child's speech, which is understandable only to a mother. Some kids generally communicate with gestures, rightly believing that their parents will understand everything. In front of the kindergarten, you should monitor the decrease in babbling words and gestures.
Play with children. To improve the child's communication skills, it is necessary to introduce him to the children's team more often. Psychologists advise regularly visiting families with small children, walking in playgrounds, playing in the sandbox.

In nurseries and kindergartens, there are special adaptation groups for future preschoolers. Be sure to find out if such a service is available in your preschool educational institution. Visiting such groups will allow you to acquaint your child with the caregivers, the building itself and the new rules of behavior.

Tips for parents to adapt their children often include advice to talk more with the child about the preschool. Only how to do it correctly and what should you talk about with your baby to facilitate future addiction?

Explain in the simplest possible way what a kindergarten is, why children go there, why it is so important to attend it. The simplest example: "Sadik - big house for kids who eat, play and walk together while their parents work. "
Tell your child that kindergarten is a kind of work for children. That is, mom works as a teacher, doctor, manager, dad - as a military man, programmer, etc., and the baby will "work" as a preschooler, because he has become quite an adult.
Each time passing by the kindergarten, do not forget to remind that after a while the child will also be able to come here and play with other children. In his presence, you can also tell your interlocutors about how proud you are of your newly minted preschool child.
Talk about the daytime kindergarten routine to relieve fears and insecurities. Let the child not remember everything due to age, but he will know that after breakfast there will be games, then walks and a short nap.
Do not forget to talk about who the child can turn to if he suddenly wants water or the toilet. Also, subtly clarify that not all requests will be fulfilled instantly, as it is important for caregivers to keep track of all the children at once.
Share your preschool history. Surely you have preserved photographs from matinees, where you recite poetry, play with dolls, go with your parents from the kindergarten, etc. Parent example allows the kid to quickly get used to the kindergarten.

There is no need to over-praise the kindergarten, painting it completely in rainbow colors, otherwise the kid will be disappointed in the teacher and classmates. At the same time, one should not frighten him with a preschool institution and a teacher who "will show how to behave well!" Try to maintain the golden mean.

Classes with children to prepare for kindergarten

Role-playing and auditioning fairy tales - favorite entertainment of young children. Therefore, the advice of a psychologist often includes items such as classes and fairy tales for successful adaptation in kindergarten. The purpose of such games is to familiarize the kid with the regime and rules of the kindergarten in a relaxed manner.

Enlist the "support" of children's toys - dolls, teddy bears... Let your beloved plastic girlfriend become a teacher, and a teddy bear and a robot - kindergarteners who are just attending a preschool.

Moreover, the classes should be repeated almost the entire day of the future preschooler. That is, the teddy bear came to the kindergarten, greeted his aunt-teacher, kissed mom goodbye and started playing with other kids. Then he had breakfast and began to study.

If the child finds it difficult to part with his mother, special emphasis should be placed on this moment... To do this, it is better to use special fairy tales for quick adaptation in kindergarten, in which, for example, the kitten stops crying after the mother leaves and starts playing merrily with other animals.

Another opportunity to facilitate adaptation to the kindergarten is the use of improvised means: a presentation, cartoons and a collection of poems about kindergarten. Such useful innovative materials adapt little ones as well, and sometimes even better than ordinary stories.

Usually to three years of age babies quite easily let go of their mothers and other significant adults, because, as we have already noted, on this stage arises natural desire to be independent, independent from parents.

And yet, there are situations when the baby and the mother turn into almost a single organism. Because of this, the adaptation of a child in kindergarten can be significantly complicated, and the likelihood of complete maladjustment also increases.

Ideally, it is necessary to accustom the baby to parental absence consistently and in advance. And yet it is possible in short term to reduce the psycho-emotional dependence of children on their mother. Consider the basic tips for parents from experienced professionals.

Necessary actions

Try to involve dad and other close relatives in the interaction with the child. The more the baby contacts other adults (and not just the mother), the easier it will be for him to get used to the caregiver.
After that, introduce the child to your friends. At first, they play with the baby in the presence of their parents, so that he can feel calmly next to unfamiliar adults. With an adapted child, it will be easier to leave.
The next stage is going outside. It is necessary to explain to the baby that the mother will go to the store while the grandmother or familiar aunt will tell interesting fairy tale... In this case, you do not need to ask the child for time off, just let him know.
Consistently teach your baby the idea that he needs to be alone in the room. You can cook dinner while your child is playing in the nursery. These rules can then be applied during a sandbox class or on a walk.
Do not call your child shy, beech, roar, crybaby, ponytail and other unpleasant words. On the contrary, tell him and others as often as possible how communicative, sociable and funny you are.

Unnecessary actions

You cannot run away from the child secretly, even if at this moment he is sitting with his grandmother. Having discovered the loss of his mother, he, firstly, will be seriously scared, and secondly, he will start crying and screaming the next time his parents try to leave.
It is not recommended to leave the child alone in the apartment, especially if he is characterized by increased anxiety and anxiety. In addition, small children are able to find "adventure" even in the safest house even in a few minutes.
You should not reward your child with goodies and toys for allowing you to be absent. If this is practiced, then the baby in the kindergarten will demand material incentives literally every day.

You can think of some rituals to ease the breakup. Just do not turn them into a full-fledged rite, more reminiscent of a celebration or a holiday. It could be ordinary kiss, mutual smile or shaking hands.

Preschool attendance is essential full development child. How can this period be facilitated? You can listen to the opinion of well-known experts - teachers, psychologists and pediatricians. Komarovsky speaks a lot and often about the peculiarities of successful adaptation to kindergarten. We find out the main recommendations of the popular teledoctor:

start attending kindergarten at a time when the mother has not yet returned to work. If the child suddenly catches a cold, the parent will be able to pick him up from the preschool educational institution and stay at home with him for one or two weeks;
it is best to adapt children to kindergarten in certain seasons - summer and winter time... But the off-season is not best period to start visiting the kindergarten, as the likelihood of catching a cold increases;
there will be no superfluous information about how adaptation takes place in a particular kindergarten. Caregivers may be force-feeding or excessively wrapping babies for walks.

In order for accelerated adaptation to take place in kindergarten, Komarovsky advises to adhere to some important recommendations:

reduce the requirements for the child in the initial stages of getting used to the preschool institution. Even if he misbehaves, you need to be condescending;
be sure to prepare your child for expansion social contacts with the help of more frequent and longer walks, sandbox games.
be sure to improve immunity. If a protective system the body will improve, the child will become less sick, therefore, the addiction will pass much faster.

The teledoctor does not exclude the occurrence of certain problems in the process of habituation, however, one should not give up the opportunity to accustom a child to kindergarten at 4 years old. It is best to take a responsible approach to the adaptation period and support the baby in every possible way.

So, the kid has already started going to preschool, but simply should not wait for the end of the addiction. The successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten, advice on which is given by psychologists and doctors, lies in the active position of the parents. How can you help your child?

You should not immediately give the child for the whole day. It is best to carry out a gradual transition from the usual regime to changed conditions, that is, first giving the baby a couple of hours, and only then increasing the period of stay in the kindergarten.
Be sure to show a sincere interest in what the child did in the preschool educational institution. If he blinded, painted, pasted something, he should be praised and put on the shelf.
Study any information provided by your preschool teacher or psychologist. Typically, a folder is installed in the group "Adaptation of the child in kindergarten".
You should also communicate more often with educators who regularly fill out an adaptation sheet, a special form for visiting a kindergarten, and a psychologist fills out a card for each child in a nursery group.
Don't worry if your child seems tired or haggard after kindergarten. Of course, strangers, new acquaintances - this is a serious stress for the child's body. Let the baby rest and sleep.
In order for the kids to adapt as soon as possible, it is necessary to limit the increased emotional stress. Psychologists advise refusing to attend mass entertainment; cartoons and viewing various images, videos also need to be limited.
If the baby has certain psycho-emotional or physiological characteristics (hyperactive behavior, health problems), it is necessary to inform the pedagogical and medical staff about this.
Tears and tantrums are a "presentation" for mom. That is why experts advise dads to accompany their children to kindergarten, since the stronger sex usually reacts more severely to such manipulative behavior.

Provide your child with a calm family environment during the adaptation process. Express your location to the newly minted preschooler in every possible way: kiss, hug, etc.

Memo for parents: adaptation of the child in kindergarten and the main mistakes

So, the basic rules for improving the adaptation of kids to a preschool institution have been described. However, none of the parents is immune from erroneous actions. That is why it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the most common misconceptions:

comparison with other kids. We all adapt in different ways. That is why you should not compare the baby with his peers, who get used to children's team and educator;
deception. You do not need to promise your child that you will pick him up in an hour if you plan to return only in the evening. Parental promises like these will make the baby feel betrayed;
kindergarten punishment. You should not punish a child with a longer stay in a preschool if he is used to staying in a preschool for only a few hours. This will only lead to increased dislike for the kindergarten;
"Bribery" with sweets and toys. Some mums and dads bribe kids to be good at preschool. As a result, the child will continue to blackmail adults, demanding gifts from them every day;
sending a sick baby to the kindergarten. During the adaptation period, any cold can unsettle a child for a long time, therefore, if you feel unwell, you should not take the preschooler to the kindergarten, otherwise there is a risk of intensifying the symptoms of the disease.

Another common parent error - the disappearance of a mother who does not want to distract the child from toys or children. Such behavior, as we have already said, will only lead to the fact that the baby's anxiety will increase and numerous fears will arise. The increase in hysterics is not excluded.

As a conclusion

Kindergarten and adaptation are often inseparable concepts, so addiction to preschool educational institutions should not be perceived as some kind of absolute evil and negativity. On the contrary, such a process is quite useful for the child, since it prepares him for future changes in life - school, institute, family relations.

Usually the baby gets used to the kindergarten in a couple of months. But if the child's condition does not stabilize over time and new psychological problems arise (aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity), you should definitely talk to a psychologist about maladjustment.

If the problem continues, it may be worth considering attending kindergarten later. Can a grandmother sit with a baby for several months? This will probably be the best way out of this situation. Successful adaptation to the kindergarten!