Retirement age in Russia. Appointment of pension payments in the Far North, as well as other regions equated to it. Applying for a pension later than the due date

03.05.2019

This question worries the older generation. Will they pass a law that will increase the retirement age for men and women in Russia? Disputes about changing the retirement period have not subsided for several years. Discussions are going on at all levels, from government officials to ordinary citizens. How are things going with the reforms, what has already been implemented, what is the situation with the appointment of pensions for Russians today - issues that are important for many people.

Retirement age in Russia

The law, which approved the terms for citizens to take a well-deserved rest, was adopted in 1932, and has not changed since then. Russian state is responsible for supporting pensioners, but in order to receive pension provision conditions are required:

for women, the retirement age is 55;
in men - 60;
minimum experience with official employment must be 15 years old;
you need to accumulate at least 30 pension points.

Exist additional terms going to rest when they reach the age. There are categories of citizens for whom changes in terms are provided:

working in difficult conditions, a reduction in the pension qualification is provided, depending on preferential service;
social payment in the absence of experience is assigned to men upon reaching 65 years of age, and to women - 60.

General retirement age for women

The bills adopted in Russia stipulate the terms for women to take a well-deserved rest. Retirement age depends on working conditions, type of benefits. It is prescribed to go on vacation at the age of 55, with fifteen years of experience and 30 accumulated points. However, there are cases when the age is:

40 - in the presence of disability;
45 - when working with harmful conditions, in a hot shop, underground or more than 20 years in the Far North (KS) by hunters, fishermen.

The list of women who go on vacation at the age threshold of 50 has been expanded. It includes those who gave birth and raised up to 8 years of at least 5 children, raised at least two and worked in the Far North for 12 years. During this period, women working:

in emergency services;
public transport drivers;
in geological expeditions;
in rail transport.

What age do men retire?

The legal age for men is 60 years, subject to the required work experience and the availability of earned points. There are types of work and circumstances that affect the state of health and reduced ability to work, which involve early retirement at 50 and 55 years. At the same time, the retirement age is set depending on the length of service. A preferential pension is assigned to citizens in the event of:

harmful working conditions;
disability as a consequence of military trauma;
work at the COP;
visual disability.

Will there be an increase in the retirement age in Russia

This problem is of particular concern to people pre-retirement age both sexes. The issue is discussed at all levels, but opinions differ. Experts believe that the decision to increase the age limits is long overdue. Motivate it:

the fact that the retirement age of Russian residents is one of the lowest in the world;
world practice - in most states such a reform has been carried out;
economic and social situation in the country.

When is it planned to raise the retirement age in Russia? The government has already begun such work, increasing from January 2019 by 6 months the time for municipal employees to go on vacation. For other categories of citizens, the law is being discussed. The Ministry of Finance proposes:

consider the age limit of 65 years for men and women as the start of the retirement period;
carry out reforms in stages;
gradual increase in the retirement age by 6 months annually.

Law on raising the retirement age for civil servants from 2019

For those who work in the civil service, the registration of a pension from 2019 had to be started upon reaching the period generally established by the new law. This applies to employees of all levels of activity, regardless of positions that receive salaries from the federal budget. The law stipulates:

the difference in the wording is that the pension is not “for old age”, but for “length of service”;
exit time for men is 60.5 years, for women - 55.5;
annual increase in the qualification - six months;
meaning age limit vacations for civil servants.

How will the process take place

Although the process has begun, many are concerned about the question - how will the reforms go? It is planned to complete all transformations by 2032. During this time, the age of civil servants of women leaving to rest will be 63 years. Men will reach their appointed term in 2027 - 65 years. During this time, the duration will gradually change insurance experience.

The process will be carried out by year, the basis for age accruals will be the time when the right to receive an old-age pension (B) begins. It looks like this:

	Required experience	Exit age = B (years) + months
















2032, subsequent

Pension qualification in the regions of the Far North

For those living in the Far North (KS), there are rules by which the age of pensioners is calculated. It is lower than the generally established values. Indigenous disabled residents are credited with a social pension upon reaching the age of 50 for women and 55 for men. For other categories of citizens, age reduction benefits depend on the length of service, type labor activity, the presence of children and are:

Who is eligible for early retirement

The law defines the groups of people who have the possibility of early retirement. This includes citizens working in difficult conditions. Preferential recipients are the unemployed, the disabled, specialists who were laid off before the retirement period. There are lists of professions for establishing early care:

No. 1 - especially heavy, harmful, dangerous - metallurgists, miners, geologists, rescuers;
No. 2 - workers in transport, light, food and pharmaceutical industries, doctors, pilots, artists, teachers.

Workers with difficult or harmful working conditions

Early care is due to citizens whose work is associated with injuries, increased gas pollution, high noise levels or the presence of radiation. The period is different for men and women. Harmful productions:

nuclear power;
electronics and communications;
mining;
metallurgy;
chemical;
oil refining;
building materials.

The list of works No. 1, according to which benefits are assigned, include the production of explosives, gas processing, logging, and the activities of rescuers. This takes into account the total, preferential work experience, whether it is a man or a woman. Conditions must be met:

	Care Age	Preferential experience	Insurance experience
Work according to the list No. 1
Work according to the list No. 1

Separate social categories of citizens

There are categories of recipients pension payments to whom they are appointed ahead of schedule due to health or social reasons. To receive payments, documents confirming the right to benefits are required. Among the pensioners receiving social pensions, relate:

visually impaired;
mothers of many children with more than 5 children;
disabled people injured in the war;
dwarfs, midgets;
parents caring for children with disabilities.

Unemployed persons of pre-retirement age

It is not uncommon for an enterprise to cease to exist and the employer to dismiss people who have little left before retirement. Find new job in this position is problematic. When contacting the employment service, citizens are offered early vacation. By law, this is done if there is:

required work experience;
time before official retirement is not more than two years;
the required benefit period.

Retirement age for military personnel and combat veterans

For the military, there is a law regulating pension payments. Retirement time depends on the rank. For Colonel General, Admiral - 65 years old, Rear Admiral, Major General - 5 years earlier. All the rest - from fifty, and women - from forty-five. For charges:

seniority required - 20 years;
general experience, including civilian - at least 25, of which military - at least 12.5;
for combat veterans, an individual pension is prescribed - with a length of service of 20 years - 50% of allowance, plus 3% for each year over the term.

Conditions for establishing preferential seniority for retirement

To be eligible for preferential receipt pension, a citizen must provide documents. Employers in the presence of severe factors are required to conduct an assessment of working conditions every five years, which determine the possibility of assigning preferential service. To confirm the rights, the employee provides:

medical certificate;
confirmed information about harmful and general experience;
conclusion on the inspection of working conditions.

Retirement period and amount of pension provision

According to the laws adopted in Russia, a working citizen and an able-bodied pensioner can participate in their social security, increase savings. This requires an increase in the duration of the operating time after the onset of retirement period. The amount of the pension depends on:

insurance experience of the recipient;
the amount of contributions paid by the employer;
choice of the type of collateral - insurance or combined with funded pension;
increasing premium coefficients depending on the time of departure.

How the fixed part will change with a late retirement

The amount of payments depends on the duration of work after the period of retirement and the size of the official salary. The situation also applies to working pensioners - they can refuse a pension for a period of more than a year, and then receive large incomes. It is important that the employer is an honest payer of pension contributions. Minimum size fixed payment in 2019 is 4805.11 rubles. Premium coefficients (K) will annually increase the value of:

in a year K=1.056
after 10 - K = 2.11.

Increase in the insurance part of the pension

If a person has refused the funded part of pension provision, the state is in charge of financing. It guarantees annual indexation, which depends on the state of the economy, the income of the economy, and inflation. The percentage increase may be higher than the yield on the funded part. Government Decree insurance pension increases each year from 1 February. Under favorable conditions, additional indexing is possible.

Extending the retirement age in Russia - pros and cons

Why is it necessary to raise the retirement age? Supporters note the advantages of such a decision. They consider it a mandatory requirement to extend the working time:

the number of able-bodied population is declining;
citizens work after the retirement period - an additional source of income is needed;
there is a shortage of pensions - not everyone pays the necessary taxes;
there is a gap between the number of pensioners and taxpayers;
increases budget spending, on which you can save.

Opponents present their arguments:

low life expectancy, especially in men;
the state of health is such that not every person can live to see retirement;
an increase in the term will not lead to savings;
it is difficult for retirees to find work;
employers are interested in young personnel;
due to a complex of problems, pensioners prefer to receive a pension today, not hoping for a recalculation at a late exit.

Retirement age in different countries

Each state has its own pension systems that stipulate the transition of citizens from work to leisure. The calculation order is also different. social benefits for senior citizens. The indicators are:

	Retirement age	life span, average
		life span, average


Germany


Great Britain



Uzbekistan

Average life expectancy in Russia

This indicator is calculated annually, it depends on the demographic situation, the economic stability of the region of residence, the level of healthcare, education, and financing. Drinking alcohol, smoking, unemployment, ecology, crisis have a great influence. The numbers differ significantly depending on the habitat. For the regions of Russia in 2016 there were the following indicators:


Ingushetia

Volgograd region
Udmurtia
Novgorod region

Tyva Republic

Video

Talk about changing the retirement age continues to this day. The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Labor and other departments have already spoken about this. Such a friendly excitement around this topic suggests that the problem is acute and in the near future a document will appear that meets all the demands of society.

When will the retirement age increase?

The crisis phenomena in the economy have led to the fact that today it is more and more difficult to find a job for young people, not to mention those who are over forty years old. Many people approaching the age of fifty are waiting, can not wait until they can rest and collect their pension accruals.

In fact, the uncertainty with the adoption final decision Russian government about pensions, many experts explain the upcoming 2018 presidential elections in the Russian Federation. None of the current officials dare to influence their rating on the eve of the will of the Russians.

The bill will go to the deputies of the State Duma most quickly after the election of the head of the country. What will be its final version will depend on the new government, although the developments of the document are already underway. Economists and experts are in full swing discussing the future increase in the retirement age.

Why are they going to change the retirement age

Analysts say that the current pension reform cannot be successfully carried out according to the old principles and criteria. Analyzing the current situation in our country and abroad, they came to the conclusion that raising the age for taking a well-deserved vacation is already overdue and inevitable.

According to experts, economic difficulties in the country are simply forcing to reduce the burden on the budget. The Russian government is looking for additional sources financing. Raising the retirement age can reduce the number of pension contributions while increasing the income from the increase in the number of jobs.

The demographic situation and the real employment of the population also make it necessary to speed up this process. Currently, the number of pensioners is growing faster than the number of workers, so very soon there may come a time when the working population cannot support the armies of people old age. This picture is inherent in many states where the number of births is significantly less than dying people.

An analysis of the situation with the retirement age shows that the limits of retirement in Russia are the lowest. They were defined in Soviet time when life expectancy differed significantly from the current situation. Today, citizens of the Russian Federation live much longer and this indicator is steadily approaching the value of the leading industrial countries, where, in turn, the retirement limit is also higher than in Russia:

A country	Women	Men
America	65	65
England	60	68
Germany	67	67
France	65	67
Italy	65	67
Spain	65	65
Japan	70	70

And this is how a similar table looks like in the CIS countries and our closest neighbors:

A country	Women	Men
Kazakhstan	58	63
Azerbaijan	57	62
Moldova	57	62
Georgia	60	65
Lithuania	58,5	62,5
Hungary	62	62
Poland	60	55

These tables show that many countries have already moved to the new retirement age. Experts believe that Russia should not mechanically adopt foreign experience.

It is necessary to take into account Russian realities and only then proceed to a large-scale program. In doing so, pay attention to:

life expectancy of Russians;
gender equality;
health improvement;
opportunity to open new jobs.

For example, if in Germany average duration life is 79.9 years, and retirement for men comes at 67, this means that German men will be on state support for almost thirteen years. In our country, if we assume that men begin to retire at 65, and their life expectancy is this moment has not even reached the age of seventy, it turns out that they will have less than five years to live in retirement. This circumstance causes furious indignation in Russian society. It turns out that the state throughout the entire working life of a person receives deductions from him in order to provide him with a not quite decent pension for only a few years.

Concerning gender differences in Russia, it must be taken into account that Russian women receive throughout life fewer men Naturally, deductions to the Pension Fund are also much more modest. As a result, when they retire, they can count on a small pension provision.

Pension reform is also closely linked to the creation of new jobs. In order to provide for all pensioners who have remained at work, it is necessary enough work places. And for young people, you need to find work if older people hold their positions for several years longer.

How will the retirement age be increased?

Since 2017, a bill has come into force, according to which the retirement age for civil servants is gradually increasing. The old bar began to rise by six months every year. This process will continue until the border reaches 63 and 65, respectively. The increase in the retirement age will continue until 2032 and 2026.

From January 1, 2018, the increase in the bar for civil servants will take place for the second time and men will have a retirement age of 61 years, and women - 56 years.

According to this bill, the retirement age for state employees and the military has not yet changed. Presumably this will happen along with the submission new program Government of the Russian Federation after the presidential elections in 2018. The age increase will most likely be carried out according to the already proven scheme, that is, six months every year.

It is believed that this age is optimal for sending a person on a well-deserved rest. However, experts are increasingly saying that this is not the case. On average in the world, a person is sent to retire if he is over 60-65 years old. And it doesn't matter if it's a man or a woman - the conditions for all are equal.

Optimal age for retirement

As for men, the issue of raising the retirement age threshold is rather complicated. This is due to the fact that the average life expectancy of representatives strong half humanity in Russia is only 60 years old. And this means that many will not even have time to retire. Therefore, raising the retirement age for men is simply inappropriate.

As for the ladies, their average life expectancy is about 73-75 years. And this means that retirement in the prime of life - at 55 - is not always justified.

Naturally, we are not talking about those cases when a woman has serious illnesses. If the lady is healthy and energetic, she can safely continue to work on.

Preferential pension

About 34% of the total, according to the Ministry social development are classified as beneficiaries. The concept appeared due to the fact that there are a number of industries where the age for employees to take a well-deserved rest is noticeably lower than the generally accepted one.

So, for example, the standard output to preferential pension must be produced 5 years earlier than usual, i.e. women at 50, men at 55. However, there are industries that are equated to the category of harmful (hot shops, chemical industry, etc.). Such workers are offered even more benign conditions. The retirement age in this situation dates back to 50 years for men and 45 years.

However, in order to receive such a benefit, you need to work in the workplace. a certain amount of years. For women, this period is 7.5, for men - 10 years.

In addition, mothers with many children, parents of disabled people, disabled people themselves, workers of emergency rescue services, etc. have the right to a preferential pension. According to statistics, 73% preferential pensioners continue to work, receiving both a pension and a salary.

What is planned to be done

For several years now, rumors have been circulating in society that the government plans to raise the retirement age. The parliamentarians themselves are trying to come up with other various schemes that will solve the pension problem with minimal losses for the budget and citizens.

For example, one suggestion concerns finding ways to encourage more late exit on retire. In this case, options for increased rates to the pension part, etc. are offered.

From some legislators, there is a proposal to limit the payment of pensions while they attend work.

So far, of all the proposed initiatives, the people have not chosen a single suitable one - one that would satisfy everyone. However, the search ideal solution are still ongoing. And perhaps soon a consensus will be found.

Retirement is a process that every citizen will get to know sooner or later. This is a kind of obtaining the status of a disabled person. More precisely, reached certain age able to receive assistance from the state in the form of pension payments. In Russia pension system constantly undergoing some changes. Therefore, she needs to give special attention. What do citizens need to know about pensions and going on vacation? How can I get the status of a pensioner in the country? All this will be discussed later.

Retirement Rules

The first thing citizens need to learn is that retirement is a legal right for everyone. Under certain circumstances, you can receive financial assistance from the state on a monthly basis. It's about pension benefits. Support for pensioners is the responsibility of the state. And everyone can count on it. At the moment, in order to retire (to receive payments), a citizen must:

have seniority(it changes from year to year);
reach a specific age.

For women

It is after meeting these criteria that you can count on support from the state. There are different age limits for men and women. The fact is that female half of the population faces such a process as retirement in Russia from the age of 55. Now the government wants to increase the retirement age to 63. At any time, starting from this period, women are able to apply for a pension. And, accordingly, to receive benefits due to the status of a pensioner in a particular locality.

For men

For men in Russia, there are different rules for entering a well-deserved rest. The fact is that they will have to work longer than women. To retire, you must be at least 60 years old. It is planned to increase the retirement age for men in Russia to 65 years. But so far, there are no changes regarding the retirement age. The law on its increase has already been passed. But in practice, it has not yet taken place. Under certain circumstances, both men and women are eligible for early retirement. When is this right given to the public?

Early retirement

Retirement, as already mentioned, may be appointed earlier than the specified age limits. Only for this it will be necessary to ensure compliance with certain requirements. At the moment, about 30 categories of the population have the right to receive early financial support from the state. For example, the most common cases in the country are:

Early retirement on harmfulness. If citizens are employed in hazardous production, they have the right to a well-deserved rest with a certain length of service (each activity has its own restrictions).
Years of service. As a rule, the military and "state employees" have the right to early appointment pensions. Usually it is required to have one or another work experience in the chosen field of activity.
Large families. A mother of a large family, if she has 5 children, with an insurance record of 15 years or more, can retire at 50 years old. The woman has the right to transfer the right early rest to her husband. Then he retired at the age of 55.

The procedure for assigning pension payments

How to apply for the status of a pensioner and receive a pension? To do this, a citizen must come to the Pension Fund of Russia and submit an application in the prescribed form. Apply to it:

identification;
marriage/divorce certificate;
birth certificates of all children;
certificates from the place of work;
work book;
documents certifying the length of service (for example, an extract on maintaining an individual entrepreneur);
SNILS of the applicant;
account details for calculating the pension.

About benefits

Retirement allows you to receive certain benefits. They are usually adjusted to regional level. But most often the pensioner has the right to:

50% discount when paying bills for an apartment and utility services;
exemption from transport tax;
reduction in property taxes;
opportunity free travel by public transport;
booking tickets in advance.

Retirement is usually associated with the onset of a certain age, which, by the way, is one of the lowest in Russia. Today, for women, this bar is at the level of 55 years, and for men - 60 years.

But some categories of workers can go on vacation for 5-15 years ahead of schedule statutory retirement. There are several conditions for this - dangerous conditions work or service, special merits, state of health, and so on.

Standard pension

Law No. 173-FZ establishes the following age limits for the retirement of employees:

55 years - for women;
60 - for men.

Also obligatory item when making a payment, the applicant must have at least 5 years of insurance (during which contributions to the PF were made) experience.

You can retire only if you comply with the law:

citizenship of the Russian Federation, and for foreigners - work within Russia and permanent residence on its territory;
the applicant for payment must be insured under the law No. 167-FZ;
contributions must be made during the length of service, that is, only such periods of work when these contributions were made are considered experience;
reaching the age required for retirement in old age (55-60 years).

The retirement period for women in Russia is traditionally shorter age limit for men - the weaker sex has the right to leave work 5 years earlier. Although in general in the world this age is the same for both sexes.

Moreover, for more than a decade there have been disputes on the actual high level about the need to reduce the age specifically for men - their average life expectancy in the country in general is only 60 years, while for women - 75 years.

The Government has repeatedly raised the issue of increasing the retirement age, but so far it remains the same. Instead, stimulus measures are being proposed and are already being implemented to make retirement later. For example, the increased pension rate has already yielded results today.

Preferential pension

Over a third of all pensioners in the Russian Federation today are considered beneficiaries. They are entitled to a well deserved rest. before reaching set bar at 55/60 years. There are categories of employees who are entitled to early retirement:

employees of industries with harmful conditions;
employees of hot shops, persons employed in underground work;
women who have worked for 20 or more years in the textile industry, as well as in jobs of increased hazard or intensity;
logging workers, participants in hikes and expeditions;
employees of the fleet, sea and river, machine operators in ports;
workers in the field of urban transport;
aviators;
employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
teachers with 25 years of relevant experience.

Also early retirement relies and socially unprotected categories pensioners: mothers of many children, disabled people and persons caring for them, and so on. In some cases, the seniority increases when calculating for a pension. For example, for a participant in the Afghan events, the retirement period can be reduced, since for one year of service, three years of “normal” civilian experience are taken into account.

In other cases, the total experience includes not only professional activity, but also the period of caring for a disabled person or children, attending seminars, undergoing training or military service, and in a special one - only full working days worked in the specialty.

The terms of leaving for a preferential pension in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs come after the “recruitment” of an employee for at least 20 years special experience. However, this rule does not only apply to superannuation. The other two options - for disability or the loss of a breadwinner-employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (these categories of recipients are entitled to an additional pension) - are also issued according to this principle. From 2019, it is planned to add 5 years to required seniority military personnel, and they will have to retire only after 25 years in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Early retirement is also possible for unemployed citizens, if less than 2 years are left before the payment is processed, the applicant has necessary minimum experience, and work in the employment service ( future pensioner must be registered in it) was not found for the applicant. At the request of the inspector of the employment service, such a person may be granted a pension ahead of schedule.

New provisions

The initiative to increase the retirement age for both men and women up to 63 years was made by the RSPP (Union of Entrepreneurs and Industrialists). The increase is planned to be phased. Thus, pensioners will begin to retire from 2015 3 months later than usual.

After 15 years, all "new" pensioners will issue a payment at age 63 in the absence of rights to preferential care. Otherwise, the procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of pensions will remain the same, with the exception of adding age: benefits for employees hazardous industries, teachers and other categories are preserved.

The new retirement dates can be considered a forced measure: with the current retirement age, the number of pensioners and able-bodied workers will soon become identical. And if we take into account gray salaries without deductions to the Pension Fund, various schemes for avoiding contributions, then the occupancy pension fund will decrease more and more each year. Therefore, there is simply no other solution, except for raising the retirement age, at the moment.