A stroke is a violation of the blood supply to the body, resulting in extensive damage to the vessels of the brain and destabilization of the central nervous system. Hemorrhagic stroke is characterized by a sudden onset. The existing classification of the disease is divided into ischemic, hemorrhagic and mixed types. Hemorrhagic is typical for the older generation. However, there is currently a younger age group of people who are prone to stroke due to external environmental influences.

Ischemic stroke is a consequence of the blockage of cerebral vessels by cholesterol fatty plaques (thrombus formation).

How does a stroke manifest?

The consequences of hemorrhagic are dangerous for human life. It is preceded by a rupture of a blocked vessel with a hemorrhage in the meninges, accompanied by a sharp pain syndrome like a sharp blow.

How does a hemorrhagic stroke occur?

Depending on the location of the injury, right-sided and left-sided brain damage is distinguished. Severe consequences right-sided locations are due to the lack of regenerative ability of the cells of the right hemisphere of the brain.

According to statistics, one of the fundamental causes of the formation of the disease is arterial hypertension. Slowly flowing under atypical conditions, hypertension provokes a crisis, which in 75% is the starting point for the development of hemorrhagic stroke. A causal relationship between disease and congenital pathology structure of the vascular branch of the brain, aneurysm, acquired malformation.

Diseases predisposing to the development of hypertension and vascular deformities

• Pathology of blood coagulation.
• Excessive use of thrombolytics.
• Deposition of cholesterol in violation of lipid metabolism in the vessels of the brain (atherosclerosis).
• Hidden inflammatory processes in the brain.
• Arterial deposition of beta-amyloid protein (amyloid angiopathy).
• Modifications of immunopathological vascular inflammations of the brain (vasculitis, arteritis).
• Diseases of the heart, spinal cord.
• The presence of tumors.
• Diabetes.
• Pathological narrowing of the carotid arteries (cerebral stenosis).

Factors contributing to the formation of vascular blockage

• Rheumocarditis.
• Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels.
• Atypical increase in blood pressure.
• Vascular pathologies of the brain.
• Arterial protrusion of thinned vascular walls.
• Abuse of alcohol, drugs, smoking.
• Myocardial infarction.

Conditions contributing to the development and progression of the disease

• Severe intoxication.
• Prolonged physical overstrain, psycho-emotional depression.
• Constant avitaminosis manifestations.
• stressful situations.
• Physical trauma.
• Obesity 3-4 severity.
• Age-related changes in the body.

The presence of one of the following factors - serious occasion to think. To avoid adverse effects monitor signs of deterioration, timely pass medical examination follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Spontaneous hemorrhage under the cerebral cortex is a point sudden cessation of blood supply to brain cells, swelling of damaged areas of the brain, pathological changes subcortical nodes, ventricles, thalamus. These processes are detrimental to the synchronous activity of the organism, therefore, they are irreversible or difficult to recover.

Uncontrolled penetration of the blood flow into the cerebellum or brain stem cells leads to immediate cardiac arrest (clinical death).

People with congenital defect heart, hereditary blood diseases, endocrine system prone to hemorrhagic stroke.

Symptoms of a stroke

Sudden hemorrhagic stroke due to abrupt appearance typical primary symptoms.

visible sign pathology

Home reminder to detect the first signs of the disease

• Change in skin color to cyanotic, curvature of the face, chin.
• Headache of versatile location.
• Rapid or weak heartbeat.
• Muffled or difficult breathing, turning into hoarse sounds.
• Atypical dilation of the pupils of the eyes.
• Violation of the swallowing reflex.
• Violent pulsation of the cervical arteries.
• Fragmentary or complete paralysis of certain parts of the body.
• Nausea, vomiting, impaired consciousness.
• Fainting, skin cold to the touch, involuntary urination.
• A sharp increase in blood pressure.

The increase in the intensity of symptoms is rapid, sometimes a few minutes are enough. With the primary signs of a stroke, it is important to find out in time the causes that prompted the onset of the disease and the tactics of providing urgent medical care.

The first signs of a stroke

The progression of the disease is exacerbated by a decrease in the sensitive threshold of one side of the body to complete loss (complicating paralysis), convulsive trembling of the limbs, impaired or loss of spoken language, coordination movements, neurological defects, strabismus, loss of vision and hearing, memory and inappropriate behavior. The degree of successive signs of the disease depends on the location of the hemorrhagic zone.

Volumetric hemorrhagic hemorrhage marks the appearance of secondary signals: brain dislocation, continuous convulsions, loss of consciousness, coma. Ventricular, cerebellar extravasation is characterized by a fatal outcome on the first day after the detection of signs of a stroke.

Differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke

The faster the patient is helped, the greater the chance of recovery after a stroke.

Elementary primary diagnostics is carried out using test tasks

1. Smile. Characteristic drooping of the corner of the lips on one side.
2. Talk. Pronunciation of simple words is difficult.
3. Raising both hands. The simultaneous movement of the limbs visually reveals different lifting heights.

Urgent CT, MRI examination will allow you to quickly find out the cause and degree of brain damage. The contrast will facilitate the establishment of the volume of the lesion, localization, displacement of brain structures and edema, the degree of viability of the cells of the cortical substance.

The presence of blood in the spinal fluid is typical for ventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lumbar puncture is performed on the basis of CT data. With edema, if the biomaterial is removed, the procedure can cause partial wedging of the medulla into the occipital opening, which will lead to the inevitable death of the patient.

Survey severe patients in a coma after a stroke is performed using encephalography. The procedure determines the degree of life support of the cortical substance.

Medical treatment of hemorrhagic stroke

As urgent measures for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke, modern medicine offers intubation, mechanical ventilation, and pacing.

Based on the study of the brain, the doctor will prescribe a therapeutic method for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke. Complex therapy carried out in a hospital setting. Risks of repeated hemorrhagic stroke due to an arterial defect are not excluded.

Treatment of cerebral hematoma is usually carried out with hemostatic agents and osmotic diuretics. The use of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers affects the maintenance of perfusion pressure, so the drugs should be taken with caution. Antibiotics are used to prevent intracranial infections after a stroke. An additional tool to the complex of measures to prevent the consequences of hemorrhagic stroke is added sedatives to relieve arousal.

Surgical treatment of the disease is carried out only for health reasons with the obligatory determination of the causes of cerebral hemorrhage. Hematoma stereotaxic removal is performed by craniotomy followed by elimination of the defective vessel. The operation lasts 3-5 hours.

Treatment folk remedies unacceptable.

trepanation of the skull

Hemorrhagic stroke - prognosis

The severity and nature of the lesion, prognosis and stages of recovery depend on the location and degree of localization of non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage. Due to diffuse age-related changes in the body and an irreversible slowdown in recovery functions, the prognosis in older people is almost unpredictable, since it depends on the time of assistance, the degree of brain damage at the time of detection, resistance immune system organism.

Immediate medical care will affect the outcome of the disease.

After a time period (up to a week from the moment of detection), the patient develops the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke - edema with the formation of necrotic brain tissue. The controlled work of such areas of the brain stops, while the disorder continues motor functions, coordination movements, paralysis, difficulty in understanding and reproducing spoken language.

As a result of damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, the appearance of failures of reflex functions is characteristic - when reading, counting, writing. The disorder of swallowing movements due to illness is caused by the ingress of fluid into the organs of air circulation. Against the background of these features, emotional instability develops, disorganization of the patient, which leads to problems of perception.

Visually, the worsening of the urinary and intestinal functions can be added to the complicating consequences - uncontrolled defecation and urination are possible. The formation of epilepsy is observed in 7-20% of stroke patients. Patients who survive a stroke are given disability status.

Since impaired functions recover for a long time after a stroke, it is almost impossible to do this on your own without therapy and support from loved ones.

Hemorrhagic stroke: consequences

Primary drug therapy is aimed at stabilizing the patient, stopping intensive progression, and removing the cause of the disease.

The second stage of treatment for hemorrhagic stroke involves recovery period requiring a lot of effort. It is carried out against the background of taking drugs that reduce the permeability of the vascular walls and control measures to adjust blood pressure. It includes the restoration of damaged organic functions through gymnastics and sports, a balanced diet, rehabilitation activities with the inclusion of electrical stimulants, magnetic therapy, reflexology.

Restorative gymnastics after a stroke

The fundamental preventive methods of fighting the disease are the constant monitoring of hypertension, the correction of blood pressure, the evolutionary atherosclerotic process.

A categorical cessation of smoking, overuse alcoholic beverages, calorie management and active life position– basic principles of restorative and preventive measures.

Prevention during the period of complex rehabilitation increases the chances of a full recovery after a hemorrhagic stroke.

Checking motor functions after a stroke

A positive prognosis largely depends on the desire of the patient and the support of people close to him.

Stroke hemorrhagic right side: how long do surviving patients live

An ideal set of circumstances does not guarantee the absence of a trace of an ischemic stroke. The formation of persistent complications: paralysis, amnesia, spatial dislocation, failures of the visual and vestibular nature, lack of figurative thinking in most cases leads to an unfavorable outcome. Patients in a coma are practically hopeless.

Statistical data confirm the development of fatal recurrences of hemorrhagic stroke in 5% of patients during the first six months after the disease, 10% within a year. The mortality rate of the five-year period after the disease is more than 50%.

Stroke hemorrhagic left side: how long do surviving patients live

The probability of a full recovery is minimal, however, using the regenerative feature of the cells of the left hemisphere, it is possible to compensate for the lost abilities. The functions of the dead areas of the brain are taken over by neighboring ones. The process of interchangeability is completely dependent on the time interval between the detection of a hemorrhagic stroke and the start of intensive brain rehabilitation therapy. An important aspect here is the active desire of the patient himself - to re-learn to speak, develop thinking, write and read.

The life expectancy of a person who has had a hemorrhagic stroke does not depend on the place of the disease. An important role is played by age factors, the timeliness of first aid, the appointment proper treatment and a powerful recovery procedure after illness.

In the broad sense of the word, a stroke is a sharp violation of blood circulation in a certain part of the brain. The consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke of the left or right side lead to irreversible impairment of brain function. It is difficult to predict how long a person will live after, it depends on many factors. But in 70% of cases they cause lethal outcome.

According to the ICD-10, a stroke has the code I60 (subarachnoid hemorrhage) or I61 (intracerebral hemorrhage) and belongs to the category of cerebrovascular diseases - affecting the blood vessels.

It is customary to distinguish between two types of stroke: and hemorrhagic.

A hemorrhagic stroke is an outpouring of blood from a vessel into the medulla, ventricles, or under the lining of the brain with the formation of a hematoma. This is an acute condition that develops very quickly - literally in minutes. The immediate cause is a rupture of the blood vessel wall.

Due to the high rate of development of the process and injury to brain tissue foreign body, which, in essence, is a hematoma, a hemorrhagic stroke is much more severe than an ischemic one. It has a higher probability of death, and its consequences are much more difficult to correct.

The manifestations of a stroke are directly related to which of the cerebral hemispheres the hemorrhage occurred:

• with damage to the right hemisphere - disturbances in the left half of the body up to paralysis, memory and the ability to abstract thinking deteriorate, the perception of the body is disturbed (for example, there may be a feeling of multiple limbs - "extra" fingers, arms, legs, or alienation of one's own parts of the body);
• with damage to the left hemisphere, the functions of the right half of the body are disturbed, paralysis and paresis are frequent; speech worsens, reading and writing skills are lost.

Classification

Hemorrhagic strokes are of two types:

• when a hematoma (compact effusion of blood) is formed;
• when the blood is evenly distributed over a large area of ​​brain tissue (hemorrhagic impregnation). The consequences of a stroke of this type are much easier than the first.

Depending on the localization, there are:

• parenchymal hemorrhages - in which blood enters the medulla. This is the most severe type of stroke, leading to irreversible brain damage;
• subarachnoid - blood flows into the so-called subarachnoid membrane of the brain;
• arachnoid - blood is also poured into the subarachnoid membrane when the previously existing cystic formations are ruptured. This type of stroke is extremely rare;
• verticular - blood enters the ventricles of the brain;
• mixed - in a situation where there are several foci of stroke.

Hematomas

Hematomas formed as a result of hemorrhage are also classified depending on the affected area:

• subdural hematoma - occurs as a result of damage to the veins and is located between the hard and arachnoid membranes of the brain;
• epidural - occurs when an artery located between the skull and the dura mater is damaged, it is localized there;
• intracerebral - located in the very substance of the brain.

Distinguish according to localization the following types hematomas:

• lobar - located in one of the lobes of the brain, does not affect the cortex;
• medial - affects the thalamus;
• lateral - affects the subcortical nuclei in the white matter of the brain.

stages

There are several stages in the development of hemorrhagic stroke.

Stage name	Characteristic features	Duration
sharpest	Acute headache, clouding of consciousness (up to coma), impaired perception and speech	First 24 hours after hemorrhage
Acute	On the a short time brain function can recover, but then there is a sharp deterioration. Violation of cognitive functions, memory impairment, clouding of consciousness (if it did not occur at the first stage)	24 hours to 3 weeks
subacute	Severe, non-progressive impairment of brain functions	3 weeks to 3 months
early recovery	The work of the cerebral vessels is restored, and brain functions are also partially restored	3 to 6 months
late recovery	The work of all areas of the brain is normalized, except for the affected	6 months to a year

The reasons

Cerebral hemorrhage can be caused different reasons- from a sharp increase in pressure to a head injury, so no one is immune from it. However, the main risk group is people aged 50 to 60 years.

Important! Another risk group is newborns and children under one year old. Contrary to popular belief, even a baby can have a stroke.

If the child has congenital problems with cardiovascular systems or blood diseases (leukemia, anemia, hemophilia, etc.), they can cause cerebral hemorrhage. However, in the process of growth, the risk of stroke gradually decreases.

There are two primary causes leading to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels:

• – high pressure on the vascular walls leads to the formation of microcracks through which blood seeps into the brain or causes a simultaneous severe hemorrhage during a hypertensive crisis;
• vascular deformity - abnormal structure of blood vessels, the presence of expansions (aneurysms) and narrowings (stenoses). The presence of a defect of this kind creates strong stress in different parts of the vessel, which can lead to rupture of its wall.

There are certain diseases that can lead to these conditions:

• atherosclerosis, often causing aneurysms;
• amplodic angiopathy - a condition similar to atherosclerosis, in which protein deposits appear on the walls of blood vessels;
• inflammation of various parts of the brain (encephalopathy);
• brain tumors;
• diabetes mellitus, in which thinning of the walls of blood vessels occurs.

These diseases can be triggered by factors such as:

• traumatic brain injury;
• spinal injury;
• combining alcohol with anticoagulants - alcohol dilates blood vessels, anticoagulants thin the blood; The combination of these effects causes a strong load on the vessels;
• smoking;
• stress;
• hard physical work.

Symptoms

Hemorrhagic stroke is characterized by an acute sudden onset, accompanied by severe headaches. Sometimes pain can begin hours or even days before the stroke itself.

This condition is characterized by the following general cerebral symptoms:

• headache;
• dizziness;
• nausea, vomiting;
• depression of consciousness up to coma.

Depending on which area of ​​the brain is affected, focal symptoms can be observed, such as:

• with damage to one of the hemispheres - paresis or paralysis opposite side body;
• with medial hematoma - epileptimorphic seizures;
• with damage to the cerebellum - impaired coordination of movements;
• with damage to the areas responsible for vision and hearing - violations of the corresponding functions;
• with damage to the right hemisphere - memory impairment;
• with damage to the left hemisphere - violations of speech functions up to a complete loss of speech.

First aid

With a cerebral hemorrhage, it is extremely important to quickly provide first aid and send the victim to the hospital. The chances of recovery are highest in those patients whose treatment was started in the first 3 hours after the attack.

If a person is conscious, a simple test can detect a stroke.

1. Ask the person to smile. With a stroke, one corner of the mouth will remain down.
2. Ask the person to say their name. If the brain is damaged, his speech will be difficult and unintelligible, or he will not be able to understand the request.
3. Ask to raise both hands. With a stroke, one arm will drop down faster than the other, or remain motionless.

If you find any of the described abnormalities, call your doctor immediately.

Before the ambulance arrives, do the following:

• lay the victim horizontally, with his head slightly raised;
• free his neck from clothing and any accessories that may interfere with breathing;
• remove dentures from the victim's mouth;
• if the victim is unconscious, turn his head to the side to ensure an unimpeded outflow of saliva.

Do not try to bring the patient to consciousness on your own - there is a great risk of worsening his condition.

Coma with stroke

Hemorrhage in the brain is often accompanied by a state of coma - depression of brain activity, the severity of which depends on the size and location of the hematoma.

There are four degrees of severity of coma.

Degree	Symptoms
First	Stupefaction, inhibition of reactions, muscle tone increases, skin reflexes decrease. Often there is strabismus, disturbances in the movement of the eyes, but the reaction of the pupils to light remains normal. Swallowing reflexes are preserved, which allows the patient to eat independently. Pain reflexes are also preserved
Second	Sopor, depression of consciousness, uncoordinated chaotic movements, a sharp decrease in pain reflexes. The reaction of pupils to light is weakened. Skin reflexes are absent. Pathological types of breathing are often observed (rhythm and depth disturbances, such as Cheyne-Stokes breathing).
Third	Consciousness is completely absent, skin reflexes disappear. Blood pressure and body temperature are reduced, breathing is weakened.
Fourth	Reflexes and muscle tone are completely absent, body temperature is greatly reduced, arterial pressure drops to a critical level. The fourth degree of coma often ends in death.

The heavier the coma, and the longer man stays in such a state less chance get out of it. The minimum duration of a coma is an hour, the maximum can be more than a dozen years.

Diagnostics

Timely accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of stroke. For its implementation, the following methods are used:

• CT scan- Examination of the brain using x-rays. Helps to determine the location and size of the hematoma;
• magnetic resonance imaging - a study of the brain using a magnetic field. Allows you to visualize the structures of the brain and get a more accurate and detailed picture than with an X-ray examination. This method, together with the previous one, is used for the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke with ischemic;
• transcranial dopplerography - a study of brain vessels located under the skull. Helps to determine the presence of deformations and ruptures;
• magnetic resonance angiography - visualization using a magnetic field of cerebral vessels;
• electroencephalogram - a study of brain activity.

Also to get additional information a coagulogram may be prescribed - a blood coagulation test and a biochemical blood test for glucose and lipid levels.

Treatment

At hemorrhagic stroke possible medical and surgical treatment. The principle of therapy depends on the location and volume of the hemorrhage. So, surgery is indicated:

• with large hematomas;
• with subarachnoid hemorrhage;
• cerebellar hematoma.

In other cases, medications are used.

Medical

Medical treatment primarily aimed at stimulating hemostasis and treating vasospasm. For this, they are used the following drugs:

• stimulation of hemostasis - Dicinon, Aminocaproic acid, Tranexamic acid;
• spasm relief - Nimodipine, Magnesium sulfate.

Surgical

The main indication for surgical intervention is an extensive hemorrhage (40 or more ml of blood) in the cerebellum. Surgical reconstruction of blood vessels is also used to avoid recurrence. Today, the following types of surgical intervention are used:

• removal of a hematoma by craniotomy - this method is effective, but often leads to associated injuries and is considered obsolete;
• removal of a hematoma with an endoscope;
• clipping of the aneurysm - isolation of the aneurysm from the general blood flow, which prevents its rupture;
• removal of an arteriovenous malformation (a site of vessel deformity) is an effective way to prevent hemorrhages, but is used only when small size malformations.

Rehabilitation

During rehabilitation after a stroke, special drugs are used that improve cerebral blood supply, and procedures that help restore brain function and restore muscle tone.

In post-stroke rehabilitation, the following medications are used:

• Piracetam, Phenotropil, Noopept - to improve the blood supply to the brain;
• Encephabol - to normalize metabolism in brain tissues;
• Choline, Actovegin, Cytoflavin - to stimulate metabolic processes.

Apply following procedures:

• Orthosis therapy is the restoration of the function of the musculoskeletal system with the help of orthoses - devices that change its structural characteristics, as a rule, immobilize any muscle group or joint. These include tires, collars, etc.;
• kinesitherapy - physiotherapy aimed at restoring motor functions;
• mechanotherapy - execution recovery exercises with help special means(devices, simulators);
• physiotherapy is a method of restoring body functions with the help of physical factors such as heat, electric current, magnetic field, etc.

Diet plays an important role in rehabilitation after a stroke. Its main principles are as follows:

• moderate calorie content - no more than 2500 kcal per day;
• fragmentation - you need to eat often, but in small portions;
• a large amount of fiber in the diet, which is found in vegetables and fruits;
• the use of complex carbohydrates that can be obtained from cereals.

Forecast

It should be remembered that in most cases the prognosis is unfavorable. Mortality due to stroke is high at 70%. After an attack, only 35% survive for more than a year, and the main reason for this is the complications that develop after an attack, such as cerebral edema and heart failure. The risk of relapse is also high - especially in the first year after the attack. According to statistics, almost 30% of registered cases of hemorrhagic stroke are repeated.

The most serious consequences of a stroke are:

• swelling of the brain;
• paralysis of the limbs;
• impaired memory and cognitive functions;
• violation of sensory sensitivity;
• speech disorder.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent stroke are aimed primarily at lowering blood pressure and strengthening blood vessels. For this, various medicines are used:

• to normalize pressure - Enalapril, Liprazide, Furosemide, Metoprolol;
• to strengthen the vascular walls - Askorutin, Atorvastatin;
• to reduce nervous excitability- Valerian, Fitosed, Gidazepam.

Also, with increased pressure, it is recommended to follow a diet with a minimum content of animal fats, avoid excessive physical activity (in no case abandoning such in principle), monitor cholesterol levels, in case of glucose metabolism disorders and diabetes, control blood sugar levels.

Hemorrhagic stroke is the most severe brain injury. Mortality after a stroke ranges from 50 to 90% of victims, depending on the damaged area. Thus, a stroke of the brain stem leads to almost instant death, a hemorrhage in the periphery provides more chances to survive.

The disease develops rapidly and its consequences are unusually severe.

What is a stroke

Under this name unite all cases of acute circulatory disorders. The disease is accompanied by the formation of certain neurological signs that persist or develop within 24 hours. The highest mortality is observed in the first day of the disease.

The so-called small stroke is different in that the neurological deficit regresses in 3 weeks, not a day. Mortality during this period is 35%.

There are three types of stroke depending on the nature of circulatory disorders

• Ischemic - the most frequent and not so categorically leading to death, accounts for 70-80% of cases. Ischemic stroke of the brain is, in fact, a heart attack, tissue necrosis due to blockage or narrowing of the supplying artery and death of brain tissue cells.
• - vessel rupture resulting from a cranial injury, aneurysm rupture, vascular disease, tumors, and so on.
• Hemorrhagic stroke of the brain is accompanied by bleeding. Vessel rupture occurs by two main mechanisms.

In a hypertensive crisis, the self-regulation of the arteries is disrupted: they lose their ability to narrow and only passively expand under pressure. Not only arteries are filled with blood, but also veins and capillaries, as an attempt to compensate for pressure. But if cerebral blood flow continues to increase, the walls of blood vessels simply do not withstand.

The second mechanism is associated with the opposite phenomenon - spasm or paralysis of the arterial vessels of the brain. An ischemic focus is formed, metabolic processes are disturbed in the area and in the vessels.

As a result, the walls of arterioles are permeable to plasma and red blood cells. Blood seeps through the walls and soaks the surrounding brain tissue.

Depending on the nature and distribution of spasms, the formation of one extensive or multiple foci of hemorrhagic lesions is possible.

The picture is complicated by the occurrence of an intracerebral hematoma: the blood from the vessel forms a cavity, which itself fills it. Subsequently, such a cavity forms a scar or transforms into a cyst. The consequences are severe in both cases. How long they live after such a disease depends largely on how quickly the patient receives emergency care.

It is usually diagnosed in patients over 60 years of age against the background of rheumatic heart disease, heart attack, and hemodynamic disorders. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs in age group from 45 to 65 years old. Its usual "accompaniment" is hypertension and atherosclerosis.

According to statistics, ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death and the first cause of disability. After the disease, 70-80% become disabled, of which 20-30% require constant care.

Types of stroke

Like ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke is classified according to several signs that indicate the affected area.

• Damage to the periphery or in the thickness of the brain tissue. Refers to the most "safe" damage. Rarely causes edema. The consequences here are far from easy, but it is peripheral hemorrhage that most often becomes a stroke suffered “on the legs”, and such cases also occur.
• Venticular - an outpouring of blood in the lateral ventricles.
• Subarachnoid - the ingress of blood between the membranes of the brain. After damage to the trunk, this form has the most serious consequences.
• Combined - observed with an extensive lesion.

Distinguish between primary and secondary stroke

• Primary - a consequence or damage to the walls of blood vessels caused by constant excessive pressure. It provokes his strong emotional or physical stress with high blood pressure.
• secondary - here the real reason there is a rupture of the aneurysm, an anomaly or acquired deformation of the vessel, which led to its damage, or a violation in the permeability of the walls.

The severity of the disease does not depend on the secondary or primary hemorrhage. The consequences are equally terrible, and the prognosis is disappointing.

Symptoms of the disease

Hemorrhage occurs suddenly, is characterized by cerebral and local neurological signs. Often so unexpressed that the patient does not pay attention to the deterioration.

Threat symptoms are:

• nausea and vomiting without visible reasons, vomiting does not bring relief;
• severe dizziness, headache;
• uneven intermittent pulse, weakness;
• the skin loses sensitivity, there is numbness of the hands and feet.

Usually hemorrhagic stroke manifests itself in the form of a sharp headache and a short-term loss of consciousness. After that, drowsiness or agitation, a state of stupor, nausea can be observed. Often the patient falls into a coma, which is one of the most terrible consequences.

The prognosis for recovery from coma is extremely unfavorable. In 16% of cases, the symptoms are similar to an epileptic seizure, which is an excellent reason to call an ambulance as soon as possible.

If the patient remains conscious and does not feel anything special, except for dizziness, weakness and some disorientation in space, there is Great chance that help will not be provided in time.

Major risk factors for stroke.

Fortunately, a hemorrhagic stroke is distinguished by several other symptoms associated with the site of damage.

• A stroke patient is unable to smile. If the right hemisphere is damaged, then left-hand side face remains motionless. If the left side is affected, the right side of the face is almost not felt.
• The victim cannot stick out his tongue - he is in an unnatural position, sinking to one side.
• When trying to repeat even a simple phrase, diction is often violated. This is an optional sign, since the hemorrhage does not always affect the speech centers.
• When trying to raise both hands, as a rule, the patient cannot keep them at the same height. Another way: you need to ask the patient to stretch his arms with his palms down and cover his eyes. If one arm begins to move sideways and down, then a hemorrhage has occurred.

If you observe at least one of the listed signs in conjunction with a headache or a short-term loss of consciousness, you should immediately contact the ambulance. His life and health literally depends on how quickly measures are taken.

Critical in hemorrhagic stroke are the first 3 hours, less often 6. If during this time the patient is assisted, the threat to life is significantly reduced - up to 20%. Moreover, with timely assistance received, the threat of disability also noticeably decreases, the consequences are mitigated, and even a complete restoration of brain functions is possible.

Of course, the prognosis of recovery in this case also depends on many factors: how much time has passed, which part of the brain is affected, what other diseases are in the anamnesis, but, nevertheless, it is the actions in the first 3 hours that can save a person's life.

First aid

It is useless to take the victim to the hospital on your own, since not all clinics can provide the required assistance. Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is carried out in specialized institutions. Therefore, the correct action would be to call emergency assistance with a description of the symptoms and an indication of how much time has passed since the loss of consciousness.

• The victim must be laid in such a way that the head and neck are in line and placed at an angle of 30 degrees. Use for this pillows, folded clothes and so on.
• If the victim is vomiting, turn his head to the side.
• It is necessary to unfasten clothes, loosen the tie, and prevent the patient from making sudden movements.
• If rhythmic breathing is not observed during loss of consciousness, it is necessary to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. You should not pay attention to the state of the pulse.
• Do not give the patient a drink, as it is possible that as a result of a stroke, the swallowing organs are paralyzed.

Therapeutic measures

Even the most urgent care is impossible without a diagnosis. In this case, it is important to localize the affected area. The main treatment for hemorrhagic stroke starts with research.

In the first few hours, the most informative method is computed tomography. In this way, a complete picture of the blood clot can be obtained. After the start of resorption - about a day, the accuracy of tomography decreases.

At the stage of cyst formation, magnetic resonance imaging is used.

After the diagnosis is established, treatment is prescribed. Its purpose is to do the following:

• normalization of pressure - reducing the load on the vessels contributes to their speedy recovery. Adrenoblockers, ACE inhibitors are used;
• prevention or reduction of edema - taking diuretics;
• regulation of blood viscosity. The use of anticoagulants is contraindicated. correct by the introduction of platelet mass, fresh frozen plasma;
• pain relief - non-narcotic analgesics;
• neuroprotection.

The first task in a stroke is the withdrawal of blood, getting rid of the hematoma. If the size of the latter exceeds 3 cm in diameter, surgical intervention is prescribed.

Rehabilitation of patients

The consequences of a stroke include a whole list of severe injuries. Measures taken in time exclude some of them, and some can be dealt with with the help of the right rehabilitation measures. How long they should last depends on the severity of the disease and the nature of the damage.

And even in this case, the prognosis is rarely reassuring: hemorrhagic stroke causes 70-80 cases of disability out of 100.

The most commonly observed effects are:

• violation of motor functions - lameness, paralysis of the legs or arms. No matter how scary it may sound, but these consequences are among the most acceptable, since they do not entail personality changes or impaired brain functions;
• imbalance of urination and defecation;
• change in perception, development of dementia;
• violation in speech, counting, writing;
• memory impairment, loss of orientation in space and time;
• change in behavioral complexes - suspiciousness, aggression, delayed reaction;
• epilepsy;
• vegetative coma.

This condition is the least treatable. Although medical statistics recorded cases of unexpected exit of patients from this kind of coma and the restoration of most functions. However, this is really rare.

Rehabilitation of patients after a stroke should by no means be considered as a desirable but optional event. No matter how long the recovery takes, even a partial restoration of functions is impossible without appropriate procedures and treatment.

• Physiotherapy is a complex of various measures aimed at restoring motor abilities and sensitivity. Various forms of paralysis - frequent consequences stroke.
• Swallowing correction- After a stroke, such a disorder is often observed. Patients are fed small portions and control the process of chewing and swallowing.
• Speech correction - classes in reading and counting skills.
• Ergotherapy - a set of measures for the rehabilitation of the hand.
• Psychological help- the specialist does not just provide emotional support, but helps to restore lost personality structures, helps the patient to adapt after a severe shock.

Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the most severe brain lesions, it is a real brain catastrophe that requires immediate measures to save a person's life. Despite its severe consequences, practitioners are confident that with a timely operation, support from relatives and efforts from the patient himself, it is possible to restore all functions within 1-2 years.

The normal functioning and integrity of blood vessels plays an extremely important role in the activity of all organs and systems of our body. Therefore, any violations of this kind rather quickly, or even immediately, make themselves felt, provoking the development of various pathological conditions. So a violation of the patency or integrity of the blood vessels in the brain can cause a stroke. Let's talk on this page www.site about what a hemorrhagic stroke is in a little more detail. Consider what happens when the right or left side of the brain suffers, the possible consequences of this. In addition, we will answer the question of what should be the treatment and recovery for hemorrhagic stroke.

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

The term hemorrhagic stroke means clinical form acute cerebrovascular accident. With such pathological condition any (non-traumatic) entry of blood into the cranial cavity occurs, which is due to rupture of blood vessels inside the brain due to their diseases. As practice shows, hemorrhagic stroke makes up from eight to fifteen percent of all strokes, it is considered as the most severe form of the disease among other acute disorders. cerebral circulation.

The left hemisphere is responsible for logic and speech, while the right hemisphere is responsible for emotions, feelings, Creative skills and perception of the surrounding world. That is why new information is analyzed in the left, and already familiar - in the right.

If there was a hemorrhagic stroke (left side), what are the consequences?

It is believed that left-hemispheric stroke occurs more often than right-hemispheric. Since this part of the brain is responsible for speech and logic, when it is affected by a stroke, not only the right side of the body is paralyzed, but also linguistic and speech disorders.

The victim has speech disorders, his pronunciation becomes slurred and fuzzy. The patient does not understand the speech he hears, he manages to express himself only in fragments of words or individual sounds. Sometimes the victims resemble the mute. It is worth noting that the described symptoms are typical only for right-handed people.

Left-sided hemorrhagic stroke causes rapid disorientation, provokes problems with logical thinking and powerful depressive states. The patient becomes isolated and, as it were, withdraws into himself, as his communication with others becomes more than limited.
With a left-sided stroke, paralysis of the right side of the body occurs - partial or complete.

If a hemorrhagic stroke happened (right side), what consequences are expected?

If the hemorrhage occurred in the right hemisphere, the patient has paralysis of the left side of the body - complete or partial. Most often, this condition is accompanied by the development of persistent disorders of muscle tone, which are characterized by a spastic type. This problem tends to increase rapidly during acute period. At this stage, contractures are actively formed, and the sensitivity of all types is also impaired.

In patients, pain, tactile, muscular-articular and temperature sensitivity may worsen or even disappear altogether. Eye movements may also be disturbed, in which case the entire head and even the pupils remain turned to the left.

When the right hemisphere is affected, not only left-sided spastic hemiparesis is observed, but also vestibular disorders. There may also be blindness of the left eye, diplopia on the left side. Sometimes patients may not see the space on the left at all. Symptoms can be complicated by neuropsychiatric disorders, which are accompanied by persistent sleep disturbances and even problems with swallowing.

Both right-sided and left-sided hemorrhagic strokes can cause death, coma, and severe disability.

Defeat hemorrhagic stroke - treatment and recovery of the body possible?

Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke

Therapy for hemorrhagic stroke can be conservative and operative. Doctors take measures to restore cerebral circulation, to eliminate swelling of the brain, as well as to improve the rheological properties of blood. It goes without saying that stimulation of neurogenesis plays an important role, maintaining the normal activity of other vital systems and functions.

Surgical correction helps to eliminate the hematoma caused by hemorrhage.

For those who have experienced a hemorrhagic stroke, recovery, as a process, gives faith in life

Unfortunately, hemorrhagic stroke is quite often fatal either serious problems with health. However, in some cases, doctors, together with relatives, help the patient achieve a partial restoration of health. Rehabilitation is carried out both in medical institutions and at home.

An excellent effect is given by physiotherapy (darsonvalization or electrotherapy, balneotherapy or hydrotherapy, faradization - the use of low-frequency alternating current). Also, many patients who have had a hemorrhagic stroke are shown to carry out paraffin therapy, phototherapy, and acupuncture.

An extremely important role is played by the timely and competent help of a psychotherapist and special exercises. At first, gymnastics should be passive (a nurse or relatives help to do it), but the patient can do some exercises himself (blink, bend fingers, etc.).

Of course, the correct diet food.

Hemorrhagic stroke is an extremely serious disorder that requires adequate timely therapy under supervision in the intensive care unit.

In the article we will talk about hemorrhagic stroke, what it is, treatment and diagnosis, symptoms and consequences. As well as its types and classification. You will also find out how many people live after such a stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke of the brain

It is worth saying that cerebrovascular diseases are in the first place among all causes of death and disability in patients over 40 years of age. The incidence in women reaches from 30 to 49 years, in men - from 70 to 75 years. Knowledge about the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke helps to avoid severe complications.

What is hemorrhagic stroke

This is a clinical variant of impaired blood supply to the brain. It runs sharp. It is accompanied by rupture of blood vessels and the penetration of blood into the brain. This leads to focal and cerebral symptoms.

Classification

Here is the main classification of hemorrhagic stroke:

• Parenchymal- vascular damage due to the parenchyma. Highly serious disease. It is divided into the following types:
  • right-sided - damage to the right hemisphere of the brain
  • left-sided - damage to the left hemisphere
  • cerebellar
  • pavement
  • stem
  • subcortical - often manifested at the point of contact of the parietal and temporal lobes. Occurs as a result of long.
• subarachnoid- occurs due to rupture of an aneurysm of blood vessels. Frequent cases are craniocerebral trauma.
• Arachnoid- the same as the previous one, only differs only in the cause of the hemorrhage. Mostly due to rupture of benign cystic tumors.

There are certain stages of hemorrhagic stroke. All of them differ in the duration of the flow.

In order to carry out preventive measures, it is advisable to identify which risk group a person belongs to and select individual preventive measures.

Causes of hemorrhagic stroke

Let's look at the main causes of hemorrhagic stroke of the brain:

1. High blood pressure (hypertension, kidney disease, and so on).
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Vascular aneurysms
4. Blood diseases
5. skull injury
6. Drug overdose
7. Neuropsychiatric disorders
8. Overheating
9. Alcohol and cigarette poisoning
10. Increased physical stress

It could also be a ruptured aneurysm. More often saccular structure. Especially located at the base of the skull. It mostly affects young men.

It manifests itself with an increase in blood pressure and physical activity. And also during sports, sex and due to increased body weight.

The pain first appears in the occipital region, and then spreads throughout the head. She has an unbearable and tearing character. Can shoot in the neck and between the shoulder blades. Sometimes the patient has a sensation that he has a hot fluid flowing in his head.

Periodically there are symptoms of agitation, convulsions, hyperthermia 40, increased respiration and heart function. Occasionally, there are dizziness, flies “fly” before the eyes and make noise in the head.

Hemorrhagic stroke and symptoms

Below we consider hemorrhagic stroke and its symptoms. We will talk about different types of hematomas. This is an accumulation of blood in various injuries of organs and tissues with rupture of blood vessels. The result is a cavity filled with fluid or blood.

Depends on the area of ​​accumulation of blood. It is manifested by a violation of muscle tone and their weakness on the other side of the intracerebral hematoma. Visual symptoms occur and speech suffers.

There may be various autonomic precursors of a stroke. For example, a rush of blood to the face, blurry images and a change in the color of familiar objects.

There are generalized convulsive seizures or psychomotor agitation. It also develops an oppression of the level of consciousness. Large hemorrhages are complicated by respiratory depression, heart function, muscle tone and consciousness.

With deep hemorrhages - hemiplegia, hemianesthesia on the other side. Violated visual functions, speech, paralyzed face.

If the non-dominant hemisphere (left for left-handers) is affected, the perception of the body is disturbed. Misconceptions about size and shape separate parts body. The patient has no criticism of his illness. He does not feel the existing speech and motor deficit.

With hemorrhage in the posterior cranial fossa, the functions of coordination, memory and attention suffer. There is dizziness, apathy, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, pain in the head and neck.

Stem strokes are manifested by a violation of vital functions, visual and swallowing disorders.

The volume of hematomas formed is from 5 to 150 ml. Their shape is usually in the form of a ball or ellipse with swelling around. Fresh hematomas are blood in clots, which resolves after 2-3 weeks. And after 1-2 months a cyst is formed, with the condition that the patient survived.

Subdural and epidural hematoma

The accumulation of blood in the subdural or epidural space, which was not preceded by trauma, is due to a complication of anticoagulant treatment.

The clinical picture of these hemorrhages does not differ from that of traumatic hematomas of similar localization.

Hemorrhagic stroke in children

Hemorrhagic stroke in children occurs only from 28 weeks of fetal life and up to 7 days after birth. All subsequent cases are explained by the presence of arteriovenous malformations and endocarditis.

At the birth of a child, hemorrhages develop when blood vessels rupture and are classified as in adults. The most difficult is the breakthrough of blood into the ventricles. They occur with a frequency inversely proportional to the age of onset.

Available clinical picture period of imaginary well-being. In children, intraventricular hemorrhage is a fairly rare occurrence. With this pathology, there is a very high mortality - in the first day up to 90% of cases.

Now we will touch on such a subtopic as a hemorrhagic stroke on the left side of the consequences and how long they live. Such a stroke is more acute than the others. About 60% of patients reach a fatal outcome. And for those who are more fortunate, they become disabled for life.

Left sided stroke

The problem itself appears due to rupture of the walls of blood vessels. As a result, a large hemorrhage occurs in the tissues of the left hemisphere of the head, followed by the formation of hematomas.

Consequences of a left-sided stroke

All the consequences of hemorrhagic stroke depend on the lesion. Here are the main consequences:

• stress and depression of a person - read,
• limbs, mimic and respiratory muscles fail
• strong pain
• paralysis or cut on the right side with various disorders (difficulty swallowing, very low level of general sensitivity and low muscle tone)
• impossible to think logically
• limited work of facial muscles
• Difficulty orienting in space

How long do people live after a hemorrhagic stroke?

Many may have such a question, but how many people live after a hemorrhagic stroke of the brain. It should be said right away that the statistics here are not comforting.

Literally in the first month after a stroke, about 35% of patients die. And even more (this is 50%) die within a year.

It should be noted that pensioners and those who have chronic diseases of cardio-vascular system.

Now let's analyze such a problem as a stroke, hemorrhagic right side of the consequences and how long they live. As in the previous type, this one also does not proceed the most in the best way. The only differences are the consequences.

Right sided stroke

If, with the defeat of the left side, a person has problems with thinking and speech. Then with the defeat of the right side, there will be problems with the perception and processing of information from the environment.

Consequences after a right-sided stroke

Below I want to list you the main consequences after a right-sided hemorrhagic stroke. As a rule, all of them have a very bad effect on the left side of the entire human body. These are the consequences:

• high blood pressure
• lack of coordination
• loss of consciousness and fainting
• cramps in the left side of the body
• numbness
• weak activity of the left limbs
• loss of vision in the left eye
• tilt of the eyes and head to the left
• no sensation on the left side of the body

How many live

Usually, right-sided stroke most often occurs in people aged 35 - 50 years. Very often, people suffering from hypertension are susceptible to this disease.

How long do people live after a right-sided hemorrhagic stroke?

Yes, about the same as with the left side. The forecasts here are also not encouraging. About 60% of cases end in death. Those who survived live after a stroke for about a year and a half. Moreover, 70% of the survivors are already disabled for life.

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke

Let's look at what activities are carried out to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke in humans:

• ECG to assess the efficiency of the heart muscles
• X-ray of the spine
• Blood test for glucose and cholesterol, erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet, ESR, leukocyte formula
• Blood pressure control
• duplex vessels

Doctors also carry out other activities.

Doppler ultrasound- a technique that allows you to diagnose the presence or absence of spasm of the arteries. Due to the ease of implementation and safety, it is performed in dynamics to assess the state of cerebral blood flow.

Spiral computed tomography(SKT) - has a decent specificity. Thanks to SCT, the doctor sees the accumulation of blood, its prevalence, and whether there is blood in the CSF pathways. If an aneurysm with hemorrhage is suspected, CT scan with intravenous contrast is performed, or CT angiography is additionally examined.

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) - informative for searching for sources of hemorrhage, small, hidden or deeply located hematomas. And also for the differential diagnosis of primary hemorrhage or tumor nature.

Provides the most information selective cerebral angiography(SCAG). But it is performed only as a preoperative method of examination. Usually to clarify the location of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.

Performance skull radiography if there is no indication of the fact of injury.

How to suspect a hemorrhage? Here are some options:

• cerebral symptoms
• oppressed consciousness
• bradycardia or increased heart rate
• respiratory failure
• indomitable vomiting
• hiccups
• specific reflexes and synkinesis (friendly movements of the limbs)
• hormetonic convulsions, appearing more often from the 2nd day

Hemorrhagic stroke treatment and recovery

Now let's talk about hemorrhagic stroke treatment and recovery. After all, the speed of assistance greatly affects the life expectancy of a person.

First aid

In case of any serious suspicion of a stroke, an ambulance should be called. After that, you need to carry out a number of measures for first aid:

1. lay the person on their back with their head up
2. open the window for fresh air
3. turn the head to the side so that in the event of vomiting, aspiration of gastric contents into the upper respiratory tract does not occur
4. control blood pressure and pulse

When a stroke is suspected, the patient should be immediately placed in a specialized hospital, in the intensive care unit or in the angioneurology department with an intensive care unit. In such conditions, additional examination and treatment should be carried out.

Initial treatment for hemorrhagic stroke

How is a hemorrhagic stroke of the brain treated? In general, the doctor faces several tasks. For starters, it's about bleeding.

Initially, during treatment, it is necessary to focus on the vital functions of the body and carry out the following activities:

• Restoration of breathing, mechanical ventilation, breathing with humidified oxygen
• Normalization of the heart rate
• With epileptic seizures, anticonvulsants (Relanium, Seduxen) are administered intravenously. The risk of seizures persists for 24 hours after a stroke. With long-term non-stopping seizures, anesthesia is given. Moreover, anticonvulsant therapy continues for a month after the patient is discharged from the hospital under the control of electroencephalography.
• Partial reduction in pressure by no more than 10-15% of the original, because at unusually low pressure, hypoxia in the brain develops even faster.
• If swallowing is disturbed, a probe is placed through which the patient is fed.
• Control of pressure in the cranial cavity - diuretics (Mannitol, Diakarb).
• Be sure to place the catheter in bladder to control excretory function kidneys.
• Treatment of the sacrum area with camphor alcohol to avoid bedsores.
• Specific measures, neuroprotectors (Encephabol), antioxidants (Actovegin, Lubeluzole), calcium channel blockers (Nimodipine), nootropic substances (Nootropil, Cerebrolysin, Semax), vasoactive agents (Cavinton).
• Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery - for prevention, elastic bandaging of the legs is mandatory.

Surgery for a stroke

The operation for hemorrhagic stroke is aimed at removing the hematoma and saving the life of the patient. Surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the most discussed and controversial areas of neurosurgery. It is carried out taking into account the age, neurological status, location and volume of the hematoma.

There are the following types of surgical interventions:

• Classical trepanation of the skull with intracerebral hematomas. Unfortunately, it additionally injures brain tissue and negatively affects the functional outcomes of treatment.
• Removal of a blood clot with minimal side effects extended to minimally invasive interventions and removal of a hematoma through a small hole using video endoscopic techniques.

Rehabilitation after hemorrhagic stroke

The next equally important task medical personnel in the treatment of a patient, this is his rehabilitation after a hemorrhagic stroke at home and in a hospital.

Currently, there are a large number of robotic rehabilitation systems that significantly improve the efficiency of the work of rehabilitation doctors and exercise therapy instructors.

A typical recovery session lasts about 30 minutes. During it, the patient takes about 4-5 steps. And with the help of robotic rehabilitation systems, the patient takes about 500 steps during the same session.

Good funds

After discharge from the hospital good effect show the following tools:

1. Drugs that improve the blood supply to the brain and its cognitive functions (piracetam, fenotropil, noopept).
2. Encephabol - normalizes metabolic processes occurring in brain tissues. Enhances the uptake of glucose and its use by tissues. Promotes the release of acetylcholine in the area of ​​synoptic communication and normalizes the exchange of nucleic acids.
3. Choline, actovegin, cytoflavin - normalize metabolic processes. Endowed with an antioxidant effect.

Rehabilitation treatment programs

All rehabilitation treatment is individual. Therefore, it is advisable to start it in a hospital. Then the patient will good result. It is necessary to continue such treatment even after discharge from the hospital.

Here is a list of rehabilitation and restoration measures, which should be given special attention in hemorrhagic stroke:

1. Learn how to serve yourself, eat and drink
2. Physiotherapy
3. Kinesiotherapy
4. Special suits for recreating reflexes
5. Recovery speech classes with a speech therapist
6. Balneotherapy
7. Massage
8. Manual therapy
9. Physiotherapy
10. Classes with a psychoneurologist for rapid social adaptation

Another component of success is the help of relatives and close people. They must maintain the mood of the patient and monitor his regular and correct execution doctor's recommendations.

To return a person to a full life, special conditions must be met. Namely: consult a doctor in time, be treated in a hospital using modern means in combination with rehabilitation therapy.

Serious, disabling complications develop in 75-80% of cases. Unfortunately, at a large number patients remain functional disorders varying degrees expressiveness.

If the whole complex of measures is carried out correctly, then the patient can continue a full life with full restoration of function.

Postoperative management of elderly patients

After the end of the operation and before the patient returns to work, it is necessary to go through the postoperative period. It can be near and far. The first period begins immediately after surgery and lasts until the patient is discharged from the hospital.

The second continues outside the walls of the medical institution until all general and local disorders have passed.

The main feature in elderly patients is a pronounced decrease in the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. As well as lowering the body's resistance to infection.

Plus, there is a deterioration in reparative processes during the healing of postoperative wounds. This greatly aggravates the flow postoperative period in older people compared to younger patients.

In old age, there is a decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs, a decrease in their maximum ventilation and a violation of the drainage function of the bronchial tree. This in turn leads to pneumonia.

Therefore, much attention must be paid breathing exercises, massage, early activation of patients and the use of bronchodilators.

Almost the vast majority of elderly patients have atherosclerosis and cardiosclerosis. With age, there is a tendency to hypercoagulability, which increases after surgery. Therefore, great attention should be paid to cardiac pathology, blood thinning and activation of patients.

Given the reduced acid-enzymatic and motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, it is advisable for patients in this group to prescribe easily digestible, sparing and high-calorie foods.

Also, in old age, purulent complications develop more often, so you need to carefully monitor all wounds.

Prevention of hemorrhagic stroke

Now let's take a look at a question like good prevention hemorrhagic stroke in humans. It is not in vain that one of the tasks of treatment includes various preventive measures aimed at preventing the recurrence of a stroke.

It is worth saying that in the presence of atrial fibrillation, it is necessary to take anticoagulants as directed by a doctor. And with hypertension and lipid metabolism disorders, do not neglect the appointment of lipid-lowering agents.

Also take basic precautions.:

• Prevent weight gain
• Do not allow pressure to rise above 140/90 mm Hg. Art.
• News moving image life
• Enjoy life and avoid stress
• Observe healthy
• To refuse from bad habits

Particular attention should be paid to the last point. The harmful effect of the same alcohol is explained by the expansion of the vascular bed and then by its rapid spasm. This increases the likelihood of recurrence.

Remember that a second stroke does not allow you to return to a socially active life and often ends in death.

Nicotine is a vascular poison. Under its influence and other toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke, the rheological properties of the blood change and the viscosity increases. All this leads to stasis of blood cells and the progression of the disease.

Smoking itself provokes a spasm of the vascular bed in the periphery and an increase in pressure. It is also an excellent mediator of relapses.

Hemorrhagic stroke and consequences

In the end, let's touch a little on such a problem as a hemorrhagic stroke and the consequences. The sad statistics these days is that 35-45% of patients suffer a second stroke within the next calendar year.

The stroke itself is very predictable. The vast majority of patients after it say goodbye to life. And those who survived suffer severe neurological deficits.

The main criterion for the outcome of the disease is the timely and high-quality provision of medical care. It should be noted that after hemorrhage there are more defects in the patient's life than after ischemia. And they are very rough.

Consequences of hemorrhagic stroke of the brain:

• movement disorders
• minimal brain dysfunction
• resistant forms of epilepsy
• mental retardation

Treatment with folk remedies

It is worth mentioning a little about hemorrhagic stroke and treatment with folk remedies. Usage herbal remedies it is permissible only when the threatening period has passed and nothing harms the patient's condition.

The points of application of the drugs will be the consequences of the stroke itself. They stimulate nervous tissue and regeneration in cells.

Give excellent results monastic fees of Father George:

1. Nettle - has an antitoxic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic effect.
2. Sage - its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects are associated with a large number of trace elements. It is a plant antibiotic. Contains chromium, zinc, manganese, nickel and magnesium.
3. Immortelle is a choleretic agent. Protects the liver and lowers blood cholesterol.
4. Rosehip - immunostimulating effect. Contains vitamins and microelements.
5. A series - normalizes the coagulation properties of blood.
6. Bearberry is a great natural antioxidant.
7. Yarrow and dried flowers - anti-inflammatory, choleretic and restorative effect.
8. Wormwood, thyme and birch buds - anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect.
9. Buckthorn - has a good effect on the functioning of the thyroid gland, normalizes blood pressure.
10. Linden flowers, cudweed marsh, chamomile and motherwort - participates in hematopoiesis and inhibits the effect of adverse factors on nervous system. It has a beneficial effect on the pituitary gland, immune and cardiovascular systems.

The above funds improve the results of treatment of the consequences of circulatory disorders and restore the lost abilities of a person.

Conclusion

Now you know everything about hemorrhagic stroke, what it is, how it is treated, what are the consequences and how long they live. We examined its classification, as well as the causes and symptoms of this disease. Much has been said about diagnostics and recovery.