Choleric people are. Characteristics of choleric. Choleric temperament type: features and character description. Observing the interaction of processes of excitation and inhibition, Pavlov identified three properties of the nervous system

13.04.2019

- This is an individual property of a person, which to the greatest extent depends on his innate, natural psychophysiological qualities. Temperament is an individual characteristic of a person in terms of the characteristics of his mental activity, such as the intensity, speed, pace of mental processes.

Usually, three areas of manifestation of temperament are distinguished: the level of general activity, features of the motor sphere and the level of emotionality.

General activity is determined by the degree of intensity of human interaction with the environment - natural and social. There are two extremes here. One type of people is distinguished by its pronounced lethargy, passivity, and the other - by high activity, quickness in action. Representatives of other temperaments are located between these two poles.

Motor or motor activity it is expressed in the speed and sharpness of movements, in the tempo of speech, as well as in external mobility, or, conversely, slowness, talkativeness or silence.

Emotionality - expressed in the rapidity of the change in emotional states, susceptibility to emotional influences, sensitivity.

Since antiquity, temperament has always been associated with physiological characteristics. human body. Hippocrates(V century BC) described four types of temperament, determined by the fluid that allegedly predominates in the body: sanguine(from lat. sanguis- blood), choleric (from the Greek. chole - bile), phlegmatic (from the Greek. phlegma- mucus) and melancholic (from the Greek. melainachole- black bile). Hippocrates' temperaments were understood in a purely physiological sense.

In the 18th century. four psychological types were compared with the Hippocratic types of temperament, which marked the beginning of a psychological line in the study of temperaments. Common ideas about temperaments now differ little from those of the 18th century: choleric temperament is associated with irritability, sanguine - with cheerfulness, phlegmatic - with calmness, and melancholic - with sadness and vulnerability.

IN modern psychology temperament is defined as constant and stable natural properties personalities that determine the dynamics of mental activity, regardless of its content.

Extraversion and introversion, rate of reaction, plasticity and rigidity are distinguished as properties of temperament.

Extraversion-introversion - temperament characteristics introduced K. Jung - determine the dependence of the reaction and activity of a person on external impressions arising in this moment (extrovert), or from internal mental processes and states of a person (introvert). Extroverts include sanguine and choleric, introverts - phlegmatic and melancholic.

Rate of reaction characterizes the speed of the course of mental processes and reactions (quickness of mind, tempo of speech, dynamics of gestures). The rate of course of reactions is increased in choleric people, sanguine people and well-rested melancholic people and decreased in phlegmatic people and tired melancholic people. People with a fast rate of reaction and low sensitivity (sanguine and choleric people) do not notice. that others (phlegmatic and melancholic) do not have time to follow the course of their thoughts, and on the basis of this make completely unfounded conclusions about their mental abilities, which can directly damage relationships between people, in particular business relationships.

Inactivity - the degree of involuntary reactions to external and internal influences and irritation (criticism, insulting word, sharp tone. external influence). These are automated reactions of defense and orientation. High reactivity in choleric and sanguine, low in phlegmatic.

Activity - characterizes the severity energy potential personality with whom a person overcomes obstacles and achieves a goal. Activity is expressed in perseverance, purposefulness, concentration of attention and is the main quality of temperament that contributes to the achievement of the goal. The phlegmatic has the highest activity, although due to low reactivity he is included in the work more slowly. A phlegmatic person is highly active, he is not in danger of overwork. In a choleric person, high activity is combined with reactivity. Sanguine people are quite active, but if the activity is monotonous, they may lose interest in drinking. Melancholic people are characterized by low activity.

The ratio of reactivity and activity determines what a person's activity largely depends on: random external or internal circumstances - mood, random events, or on goals, intentions, beliefs.

Plasticity and rigidity testify to how easily and flexibly a person adapts to external influences (plasticity) or how inert its behavior (rigidity). The highest plasticity in sanguine people, rigidity characterizes phlegmatic people, choleric people and melancholic people.

Emotional irritability reflects the threshold of the minimum impact required for the emergence of an emotional reaction and the speed of its development. Emotional excitability is increased in a sanguine person, a choleric person and a melancholic person, while in a phlegmatic person it is decreased.

A peculiar combination of activity, determined by the intensity and volume of human interaction with the environment - physical and social, and the degree of severity emotional reactions, determine individual characteristics temperament, i.e. "Dynamic aspects" of behavior. Researchers remain confident that the dynamic properties of behavior have a certain physiological basis, i.e. are determined by certain features of the functioning of physiological structures, but what these structures and features are at present is unknown. One thing is clear that temperament, being innate, is the basis of most personality traits, including its character. Temperament is the sensual basis of character. Transformed in the process of character formation, the properties of temperament pass into character traits, the content of which is associated with the direction of the individual's psyche.

Temperaments and their characteristics

Phlegmatic person unhurried, unperturbed, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the expression of emotions and feelings. He shows tenacity and perseverance in his work, remaining calm and level-headed. In work, he is productive, compensating for his slowness with diligence.

Choleric - fast, passionate, impulsive, but completely unbalanced, with a dramatically changing mood with emotional outbursts, quickly exhausted. He has no balance of nervous processes, this sharply distinguishes him from a sanguine person. Choleric, being carried away, carelessly wastes his strength and is quickly depleted.

Sanguine - lively, hot, agile person, with frequent change mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events happening around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Usually sanguine people have expressive facial expressions. He is very productive in his work when he is interested in coming to strong arousal from this, if the work is not interesting, he is indifferent to it, he becomes bored.

Melancholic - a person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts little to external factors... He cannot restrain his asthenic experiences by an effort of will, he is too impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable.

Each temperament can be found both positive and negative properties. Good parenting, control and self-control makes it possible to manifest: a melancholic, as an impressionable person with deep feelings and emotions; a phlegmatic person, as a seasoned person without hasty decisions: a sanguine person, as a highly responsive person for any work: a choleric person, as a passionate, frantic and active person in work.

The negative properties of temperament can be manifested as follows: in a melancholic - withdrawal and shyness; in a phlegmatic person - indifference to people, dryness; for a sanguine person - superficiality, scattering. impermanence; the choleric person has a haste of decisions.

As already noted, there are four main types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic (Fig. 1, Table 1).

Sanguine temperament

IP Pavlov gives the following characteristic of the characteristics of the sanguine temperament: “A sanguine person is an ardent, very productive figure, but only when he has a lot of interesting things to do, that is, constant excitement. When there is no such thing, he becomes dull, lethargic. "

A sanguine person is distinguished by easy adaptability to changing living conditions, increased contact with people around him, and sociability. Feelings of a sanguine person easily arise and quickly change, his stereotypes are quite mobile, conditioned reflexes are quickly fixed. In a new environment, he does not feel constraint, is able to quickly switch attention and change activities, and is emotionally stable. People with a sanguine temperament are most suited to activities that require quick reactions, significant effort, and attention distribution.

Choleric temperament

“The choleric type,” notes IP Pavlov, “is clearly a militant type, perky, easily and quickly irritated”. "Carried away by some business, he overloads on his means and strength and in the end he is torn, depleted more than he should, he is being worked on to the point that he can’t bear everything."

The choleric person is characterized by increased emotional reactivity, fast pace and sharpness in movements. Increased excitability choleric under unfavorable conditions can become the basis of irascibility and even aggressiveness.

Figure: 1. Reactions of people with different temperaments in the same situation (figure X. Bidstrup)

Table 1. Types of temperament and corresponding mental properties of a person

Mental properties	The pitchfork of temperament and the corresponding properties of higher nervous activity
	sanguine	choleric	phlegmatic	melancholic
Speed		Very high	Slow
		Very big
Extraversion / Introversion	Extrovert	Extrovert	Introvert	Introvert
Plasticity / rigidity	Plastic	Plastic	Rigid	Rigid
Excitability	Moderate
Expression	Moderate	Increased	Reduced	Increased
Sustainability	Resilient	Unstable	Very stable	Very unstable

With appropriate motivation, a choleric person is able to overcome significant difficulties, giving himself up to the cause with great passion. It is characterized by abrupt change moods. A person with a choleric temperament achieves the greatest efficiency in activities requiring increased reactivity and significant one-time exertion of forces.

Phlegmatic temperament

"A phlegmatic person is a calm, always even, persistent and stubborn worker of life."

The phlegmatic's reactions are somewhat slowed down, the mood is stable. Emotional sphere outwardly little expressed. In complex life situations the phlegmatic person remains quite calm and self-possessed, he does not allow impulsive, impulsive movements, since the processes of inhibition always balance the processes of arousal. Correctly calculating his strength, the phlegmatic shows great perseverance in bringing the matter to the end. Switching attention and activity is somewhat slower. His stereotypes are inactive, and his behavior in some cases is not flexible enough. The phlegmatic achieves greatest success in those activities that require a uniform exertion of strength, perseverance, sustained attention and great patience.

Melancholic temperament

“The melancholic temperament is clearly an inhibitory type nervous system... For a melancholic, obviously, every phenomenon of life becomes an agent that inhibits him, since he does not believe in anything, does not hope for anything, sees and expects only bad and dangerous in everything. "

The melancholic is characterized by increased vulnerability, a tendency to deep feelings (sometimes even for minor reasons). His feelings arise easily, poorly restrained, outwardly clearly expressed. Strong external influences impede its activities. He is introverted - busy with his experiences, closed, refrains from contact with strangers, avoids new surroundings. Under certain conditions of life, shyness, timidity, indecision and even cowardice are easily formed in him. In a favorable, stable environment, the melancholic can achieve significant success in activities that require increased sensitivity, reactivity, quick learning, observation.

Each person is unique, with their own psychological and emotional characteristics... on the basis of some generalizing signs, Hippocrates identified four key types of temperament. It is especially interesting who the choleric person is.

Comparative table of temperament types

Starting a detailed description of the choleric person, it is worth considering this type of temperament in comparison with others. This can be done using a table.

	Choleric	Sanguine	Phlegmatic person	Melancholic
Emotionality	Stormy, changeable	Superficial, short-term	Unexpressed	Deep, inner
Patience	Weak	Moderate	Strong	Practically absent
Excerpt	Weak	Moderate	Expressed	Absent
Aggression	Aggressiveness	Peacefulness	Restraint	Hysteria
Mood	Unstable, vigorous	Steady, joyful	Sustainable	Unstable, pessimistic
Adaptation	Normal	Good	Difficult	Very difficult
Sociability	Difficulty with people	Sociability without constraint	Moderate sociability	Isolation
Gesticulation	Sharp, amplitude	Lively, expressive	Sluggish	Timid
Reaction	Fast	Fast	Slow	Slow

Who is a choleric

The choleric person is characterized by an unbalanced type of nervous system and the predominance of excitement over inhibition. People with this type of temperament deal with a strong, bright, but unstable emotional background... A choleric person is characterized by a sharp change in mood for no apparent reason. And even the person himself sometimes cannot understand and explain the reasons for this state.

It is common for a choleric person to react to what is happening in an exaggerated manner. In this regard, the owners of this type of temperament have earned the fame of evil, ill-will and quarrelsome people. But it is not so. Choleric temperament enhances any emotional manifestationsthat from the outside can be perceived as inadequacy, aggressiveness or hysteria.

general characteristics

A generalized description of the "Choleric" temperament type can be represented by the following features:

Rebellious and uncontrollable character.
Inclination to sudden and drastic mood swings.
Heightened sense of time.
Ability to control and manage conflicts.
Intemperance and lack of patience.
Intolerance
Quick addiction to changing circumstances.
Restlessness, inability to concentrate on one thing.
Loud voice and fluent, clear speech.
Imbalance of the psyche.
Rapid fading of emotional outbursts.

Positive and negative sides

Choleric as a type of temperament has both positive and negative features. They are shown in the table:

How to recognize choleric by appearance

Considering the question of who a choleric person is, it is worth pointing out that he can be recognized not only by emotionality and character traits. The type of temperament leaves some imprint on a person's appearance. Here are the signs by which you can recognize choleric:

a lean, lean physique that gives the impression of fragility;
limbs are thin and oblong;
narrow, flat and elongated rib cage with an acute costal angle;
oval or ovoid skull, tapering upward, like a cone;
flat forehead, narrowed at the top;
top part the head is large;
pointed chin;
poorly developed, narrow or slightly sloping lower jaw;
pronounced pointed cheekbones;
a strongly protruding bird-shaped nose (the tip is lowered, there is a hump);
protruding occiput with abrupt transition to the neck;
pointed crown;
long, thin neck with a pronounced Adam's apple;
narrow feet with sharply protruding knotty joints.

Choleric in professional activity

The type of temperament can say a lot about how a person will express himself in work. Who is a choleric person? He is an excellent professional in the field of providing services, networking and personal communication (guide, actor, journalist, advertiser, animator). And all because for the owners of this type of temperament, the human factor and the emotional environment are in the first place

Nevertheless, a potential leader should know that a choleric person as an employee is unpredictable and difficult to manage. His working capacity is very high, but very unstable. In addition, the formation of new skills is very long and painful. Although adaptation to the new environment is almost lightning fast.

Choleric is an extrovert. It is common for him to pay more attention to external factors than to his own inner peace... it important characteristic for a choleric leader. As strong side it is worth noting the ability to quickly generate ideas. He can instantly issue actual idea as a reaction to a changing situation. At the same time, the choleric person can infect others with his enthusiasm and lead his subordinates. But the choleric, as a rule, is removed from the technical aspects of work. It is more human oriented.

Temperament compatibility

Relationships with the opposite sex are directly influenced by the characteristics of the choleric person. A woman and a man can get along well, or they can live in constant quarrels and misunderstandings. Here's how you can characterize the compatibility of a choleric person with other types of temperament:

Sanguine. Differs in a good-natured lively character. He has a bright emotionality, so the choleric person is not bored with him. A sanguine person can smooth out aggressive attacks of a choleric person through humor and compromise. Nevertheless, he does not allow himself to be subdued. Periodically, a sanguine person presents the choleric with some difficulties, without which the latter simply cannot live.
Phlegmatic person. Balance and slowness of this type of temperament irritates the choleric person. And phlegmatic, in turn, tires the partner's hyperactivity. Such a relationship can take place only if people give each other a certain degree of personal freedom and will not try to change something. In this case, a fairly stable union will turn out, in which the choleric person will shine, and the phlegmatic person will not claim leadership.
Melancholic. He is overly sensitive, gentle and timid. The choleric, as a rule, reproaches the melancholic with these qualities, without even suspecting that he mortally offended the latter and inflicted mental trauma on him. This is the most difficult combination of temperaments, which rarely leads to strong relationships.
Choleric. The relationship is bright and stormy. Unearthly love and fiery passion often changes loud scandals... Then comes the same stormy reconciliation. But such a roller coaster in a relationship cannot last long. As a result, two choleric people cannot get along together.

Choleric - who is an emotional unrestrained person who seeks to be in the center of events and to control them. At the same time, others see aggression and even inadequacy in him. Therefore, choleric people face a lot of difficulties every day. To make your life easier, you need to use these tips:

Train in yourself the qualities of other temperaments so that your "inner choleric" does not get the best of you.
Do not suppress negative emotions... Release them through physical activity.
Learn to express positive emotions.
Take up yoga and meditation practices.
Learn to consider the opinions of others and look at the situation through the eyes of your opponent.
Don't try to control everything. Learn to let go of the situation if it is beyond your control.

How to raise a choleric child

If you recognize a choleric person in your child, it is important not to let the negative traits of this type of temperament develop as they grow older. In raising a child, follow these tips:

In case of offense, do not shout or punish physically. You need to talk calmly with a choleric child, demonstrating correct behavior by example.
Give your child to sports. In training, he can transform hostility and aggression into physical exercise and give it a way out negative qualities.
Teach your child to draw. Blank sheet papers and markers are what you need to control emotional outbursts.
Set clear goals that have clear results. This will teach the child to complete what he started.
Watch what your child reads, listens, and watches. Books and media content must have positive mood, teach the child courtesy and empathy.

Among the four types of temperament, the most active (along with the sanguine person) is the choleric person. A representative of this type is characterized by the predominance of excitement over inhibition, which manifests itself in an immediate reaction to external influences. The choleric is actively and sometimes thoughtlessly seizes on new exciting things, but he can cool off to them very quickly.

How does the choleric perform the task? He quickly describes everything in detail, makes turn-based strategy and gets down to business so that the work is done on time or earlier.

Positive character traits

High activity. Choleric is able to tirelessly work on any project until he brings it to perfection or finds a more attractive occupation. Persistent, persistent, have a sense of purpose; able to work much longer than the usual 8 hours.
A responsibility. Makes decisions independently; is responsible for his words and actions.
Optimism. Looks positively at the world. Thanks to this quality, the choleric person has a wide circle of communication, attracting people to him.
Determined, self-confident.
Independence. Does not expect someone to do the job for him, and does not seek to delegate authority.
Possesses truly masculine qualities - courage, courage, willpower (also applies to the fair sex).
Self-control.

Difficulties, losses, problems do not unsettle the choleric, but rather motivate, forcing them to look for ways to solve problems.

Negative character traits

Reactivity. It happens that a choleric person for a long time working on one project, loses interest in it and grabs onto another. This is due to the fact that a person with a choleric temperament makes decisions spontaneously, thoughtlessly (unlike, for example, a phlegmatic person), which he soon regrets.
Not inclined to show humanity. The choleric is unlikely to sympathize with those who are sad. He is incapable of deep empathy, avoids tears, and in a relationship does not pay attention to the little things that matter to a partner. He rarely forgives, sometimes he is vengeful.
Irritability. If a choleric person has a chance to work side by side with people who are measured and slow, he is ready to raise his voice, rush, express dislike and show disrespect for them. Accustomed to doing everything quickly, the choleric is annoyed with people less active than he is.

The main feature of a choleric person is inconstancy, unpredictability. Yesterday he was sociable, today he is silent; last month I worked on one global project, this month I switched to another. It is impossible to know how he will behave at the moment.

Features of work for choleric people

How do choleric people realize themselves? The first requirement for work is live communication with people. The more people the better. Second, there must be an opportunity career growth (choleric people achieve phenomenal success in business). Third, frequent business trips and regular change of places are permissible. Monotonous work is contraindicated for a person with a choleric temperament.

Choleric man

The unconditional head of the family, a leader in business and a born boss. The tendency to isolate oneself from other people and excessive arrogance are the main qualities that make choleric heads of large corporations, commanders of the army or world famous politicians. The choleric man does not care about the opinion of his subordinates, for he was created to manage and give orders. Everyone knows these people - Peter I, computer tycoon Bill Gates, military leader Alexander Suvorov, billionaire Donald Trump. They had (have) a choleric type of temperament.

There is such a man in the family... As demanding at home as in business; if someone dares to disobey him, the consequences will be dire. A woman whose husband is a choleric should know: her husband will never change his character. Rather, she will tolerate the peculiarities of his character. Also, the wife of a choleric person needs to be prepared for her husband's emotional breakdowns, rudeness without subsequent apologies, and sympathy. The choleric considers such emotions a manifestation of weakness and categorically does not welcome them.

If a choleric proposes to a young girl to meet, sooner or later he achieves his goal. He will move mountains, ask again and again, fill up with gifts, oust competitors and achieve his goal. The perseverance and determination of the choleric are amazing qualities, thanks to which the girl feels like behind a stone wall.

Choleric woman

The characteristics of the temperament in question also apply to the weaker sex... In a nutshell, a choleric woman is a "general in a skirt." She is ambitious, strong, has goals and is able to support herself, initiative, easy to learn. The statement of AP Chekhov has reached the present day: "A woman-choleric is a devil in a skirt, a crocodile." Likes to command subordinates and family members. Future husband choleric women must be ready to obey her unquestioningly. She is not the kind of housewife who likes to sit still while life passes by. Unknown peaks attract a woman, and she is ready to grab onto any interesting opportunity, which it often does. Among famous women Oprah Winfrey was (are) choleric, and of the Russians - Liya Akhedzhakova, Yana Churikova.

The fair sex with a choleric temperament does not particularly like skirts and dresses, preferring the comfort of pants and business suits with trousers. Can do short haircuts ("Under the boys"), neglect trends in women's fashion; they are not fundamental expensive accessories like rings with rhinestones. For them, the main thing is action, not femininity.

A calm, patient man of phlegmatic or melancholic temperament is ideal for a choleric woman - only he can get along with such an active lady.

As for the relationship of two choleric people, they in 99% of cases are doomed to failure... A mutual desire to dominate each other, quarrelsomeness, regular quarrels with a raised voice are the obligatory companions of a family consisting of two choleric people.

Each type of temperament has its own pros and cons, and the choleric is no exception. Without them as great leaders, the world would be incomplete. It is the choleric people who more clearly see the goal in front of them, regardless of the obstacles, they go to it and thereby set the whole world in motion.

Temperament is a combination of psychophysiological personality traits. Temperament is divided into 4 main types, which have their own characteristics and characteristics, which can briefly tell about a person.

Temperament test

To find out what type of people you are, we recommend taking a temperament test.

I am fussy and restless.

I am a cheerful person.

I am unrestrained and quick-tempered.

I am usually calm and cold-blooded.

I can be suspicious and suspicious.

I am harsh and straightforward in communication.

Sometimes I listen to someone inattentively, without delving into the essence of the story.

At work and in life, I follow a familiar pattern.

Usually I am reasonable and careful.

I endure loneliness calmly.

I have high demands on myself and others.

I easily get involved in a new job, and also switch from one activity to another.

I am very resourceful in an argument.

I prefer to hide my thoughts from others.

I am neat and I love order in everything.

Even in difficult and unforeseen circumstances, I do not lose my composure.

I am easily offended.

I often take risks.

I usually fall asleep and wake up without difficulty.

I am condescending to jokes in my address.

Failure weighs me down.

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General information

The concept of "temperament" was first introduced by the ancient Greek doctor Hippocrates. His theory of 4 types of personality is based on the predominance of a particular fluid in the body or, as the scientist called it, "life juice"

Accordingly, based on this hypothesis, 4 main personality types were identified:

choleric - the predominance of bile (from other Greek chole - bile);
sanguine - the predominance of blood (from the Latin sanguis - blood);
phlegmatic - predominance of phlegm (from other Greek phlegma - phlegm, "sputum");
melancholic - the predominance of black bile (from other Greek melas chole - black bile).

Later, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov emphasized not only physiological features personalities, but also their similar mental characteristics... He noticed that each type of personality is characterized by a certain set of basic innate properties of the nervous system.

In addition, each type of personality is characterized by certain pronounced character traits and possible mental pathologies:

choleric - impulsivity and aggression, diseases - impulsive personality disorder;
sanguine - mobility, sociality, self-confidence, diseases - hypomania;
phlegmatic - social detachment, self-absorption, diseases - schizoid personality disorders;
melancholic - sadness, cowardice, depression, weakness, illness - anxiety disorder personality.

As a rule, it is customary to distinguish 3 areas of manifestation of temperament:

general activity level;
the level of emotionality;
features of the motor sphere.

General activity is expressed in the degree of human interaction with the surrounding world - both natural (nature) and social.

The motor, or motor sphere, determines the speed of reactions, the tempo of speech, the speed and clarity of movements.

Emotionality is characterized by receptivity, sensibility and the speed of change in emotional state and mood.

Typology and properties of temperament

To compose correctly psychological characteristics, it is necessary to consider 9 basic properties of temperament.

Sensitivity is the threshold force of external influences that can cause a minimal reaction.
Reactivity is the number of reactions to an external stimulus.
Activity - determines how much quick action human (physiological and mental processes).
The ratio of activity and reactivity determines what motivates a person more: own emotions or external factors and society.
Plasticity is a person's ability to adapt to a specific situation and adapt in life.
Rigidity - determines the inertia of a person and how much he is accustomed to "go with the flow."
The rate of reaction is the speed of speech, facial expressions and gestures, the clarity of thinking and the speed of mental reactions.
- psychotypes that determine the source of energy: internally "I" or external world.
Emotional excitability - speaks of how quickly certain reactions to any irritable factor arise.

Depending on how the combination of these factors develops, a person's temperament is determined.

Putting all the "puzzles" of personality types together, the types of temperament can be briefly characterized as follows:

The sanguine person is fast and cheerful, hot and sociable. Such a person is "alive" - \u200b\u200bhis actions can be ahead of thoughts, he easily puts up with minor troubles.
Phlegmatic - unhurried in action, knows exactly what he wants from life. He is never in a hurry to go anywhere, even if he is catastrophically late. Shows perseverance in work, often achieves success in his career.
Choleric is the most unbalanced of all types. Differs in frequent changeable mood and periodic breakdowns. It quickly lights up with a new case, but also quickly goes out.
Melancholic - constantly worried, very vulnerable and sensitive to the opinions of others. Rarely shows others his true feelings, but even small lesions take too close to heart.

Description of types

Each of the personality types is special and individual. Next, consider brief description, the advantages and disadvantages of each type of temperament.

Sanguine

A personality type characterized by flexibility of thinking and compliance.

Anticipation of something new or unfounded fear before the future can talk about a good sixth sense. But it does not always "work like a clock" - in the article "" you can find several tricky tricks for opening the "third eye".

A cheerful and active sanguine person quickly converges with people and knows exactly what he wants from life. Such a person cannot sit still and is extremely skeptical about repetitive work. A sanguine person easily switches from one activity to another, and almost always succeeds in any endeavors.

Such a person is easily given control over emotions, he easily meets new people and is always open to communication. Mimicry and speech are very expressive, the sanguine person loves and knows how to speak in public.

Advantages:

The sanguine type of temperament is distinguished by gaiety, energy, cheerfulness, responsiveness.
Mood tends to change frequently, but mostly prevails good mood.
Feelings of attachment, hostility, joy and grief arise quickly in sanguine people, but they are shallow.
Quickly grasps everything new and interesting.
Quickly switches from one activity to another.
He takes his failures and troubles easily.
Easily adapts to different life circumstances.
Has good performance and endurance.
He takes up any new business with enthusiasm.
It is distinguished by loud, hasty, but at the same time distinct speech, accompanied by active gesticulation and expressive facial expressions.
In dealing with new people, she does not feel fear and constraint.
Keeps composure under stress, critical situation.
He is able to defend himself reasonably and at the same time tries to normalize the situation.
Wakes up quickly and falls asleep.
Shows persistence in achieving the set task, goal.
Good organizer.

Disadvantages:

If a sanguine person loses interest in the business he has begun, then he leaves him without completing it.
They do not like monotonous work.
They tend to overestimate both themselves and their capabilities.
The sanguine type is characterized by instability in interests and inclinations.
For a person with a sanguine type of temperament, monotonous, everyday painstaking work is a burden.
Haste in decisions, rash decisions, not collected.
Unstable mood.
It is difficult to develop volitional qualities.

To achieve success in activities, sanguine people should not be scattered about trifles, they need to be purposeful, neat, diligent.

Phlegmatic person

Calm and measured, slow and absolutely balanced phlegmatic are distinguished by their slowness and tenacity. They always clearly think over each of their actions, bring everything started to its logical conclusion. They are not used to giving in to difficulties and often become successful businessmen.

Feelings are not used to flaunting, for which they often receive the status of “cold” and “heartless”. The mood of phlegmatic people is always stable, they rarely give in to provocations from outside.

Advantages:

The phlegmatic type of temperament is distinguished by calmness, composure, prudence, caution, patience, perseverance, poise and endurance, as in ordinary lifeand in stressful situation.
Shows consistency and thoroughness in matters, as a result of which the work begun is carried through to the end.
Persistent and persistent in achieving their goals.
Phlegmatic people have no inclination to affect.
Speech is calm, measured with pauses, without sharp expressed emotions, without gestures and facial expressions.
Phlegmatic people are not very talkative.
They are able to perform monotonous, long-term intense work.
Everything counts and does not waste energy.
He adheres to a systematic approach in his work.
They tend to adhere to a developed, familiar routine of life.
Complies with the regime with ease.
Possesses good endurance, which easily allows him to control his impulses.
Not vindictive.
He is condescending to the barbs expressed against him.
Characterized by constancy in relationships and interests, often monogamous.
They love order and neatness in everything.
Reason prevails among phlegmatic people over feeling.
They have good contact with people of other temperaments.
Has a good memory.
Phlegmatic people are reliable people who are difficult to infuriate.
The feelings of phlegmatic people are deep, but carefully hidden from prying eyes.

Disadvantages:

Phlegmatic people are practically not susceptible to approval and censure in their address.
They react poorly to external stimuli, so they cannot quickly respond to new situations.
Stingy on emotions.
The facial expressions and movements of the phlegmatic are inexpressive and slow.
They are thoroughly boring.
He starts working slowly and just as slowly switches from one case to another.
Difficulty adapting to a new environment and slowly converging with new people.
There are many stereotypes and templates in life.
Unsourceful.

Phlegmatic people should develop the qualities that are lacking in him, such as: mobility, activity. Do not allow the manifestation of such qualities as: inertia and lethargy.

Choleric

The choleric type of temperament is distinguished by decisiveness, initiative, straightforwardness. Mental processes flow too quickly, which makes people with such a temperament somewhat unbalanced and harsh. They are often unrestrained and quick-tempered, easily lose their temper, even over trifles.

In dealing with a choleric, one should be prepared for his irritability and impetuosity - people of this type can, in an emotional impulse, say nasty things that they will regret after a couple of seconds.

Advantages:

Agile and fast.
With enthusiasm he gets down to business, works on the rise, overcoming difficulties.
Almost always resourceful in an argument.
Forgiving and reckless.
Possesses expressive facial expressions.
The speech is lively, emotional.
Able to quickly make decisions and act.
Tirelessly strives for new things.
Falls asleep and wakes up quickly, sleeps soundly.
In a critical situation, he shows determination and pressure.
Feelings quickly arise and manifest themselves vividly.

Disadvantages:

Choleric is too hasty.
The choleric type of temperament is characterized by sharp, impulsive movements, restlessness, imbalance, a tendency to hotness.
Not very patient.
In relationships and in communication with people, he can be sharp and straightforward.
Can provoke conflict situations.
Stubborn, often capricious.
A sharp rise and a rapid decline in activity are characteristic, i.e. choleric works in jerks.
Sometimes he does not delve into the essence of the problem, glides over the surface, gets distracted.
Prone to risky behavior.
Choleric speech is fast, sometimes confused, passionate.
Aggressive, very hot-tempered and unstable.
Prone to sudden mood swings nervous breakdowns.
When his energy reserves are depleted, his mood drops dramatically.
Intolerant of the mistakes and shortcomings of others.
Touchy.

Choleric people need to learn to restrain themselves, not to be arrogant. They might be advised to count to ten before reacting to the situation.

Melancholic

People with a weak nervous system are very vulnerable and vulnerable. Often they are offended, they take any criticism personally. Failures are very hard to endure, they reproach themselves for a long time for mistakes in life. They love to be pitied, they look for defenders among stronger personalities.

In the life of a melancholic, everything is always bad - even if there are many good people, there is good job and the house is full of well-being, the melanchild will find a reason for sadness.

Everything new introduces people of this type into a stupor - they are alien to spontaneous solutions to problems and if something does not go according to plan, it immediately throws melancholic people astray.

Advantages:

Melancholic temperament is different increased sensitivity.
Melancholic people are capable of accepting approval and censure.
Makes high demands on himself and on the people around him.
They feel good about other people.
Under favorable conditions, they are reserved and tactful.
Emotional states and the feelings of people of a melancholic type of temperament are distinguished by depth, duration and great strength.
Melancholic people are characterized by constancy and depth, acute sensitivity to external influences.
In the usual and calm atmosphere people with a melancholic temperament feel relaxed and work very productively.

Disadvantages:

Melancholic people are distinguished from other types by their high emotional sensitivity.
They can hardly endure grief and resentment, outwardly this may not manifest itself in any way.
They keep their thoughts and feelings in themselves.
Even minor setbacks are very upset.
He is very shy, shy, vulnerable, secretive, indecisive, unsure of himself and his strength.
Always pessimistic, rarely laughs.
At the slightest failure, he experiences a feeling of depression and confusion.
Lost in unfamiliar surroundings.
The melancholic is embarrassed when dealing with new people.
It takes a long time to adapt to the new team.
It has small circle loved ones.
Melancholic people have a tendency to loneliness, depression, suspicion, they withdraw and withdraw into themselves.
They get tired quickly, it is necessary to pause in work.
A melancholic type of temperament is characterized by a weak, quiet speech up to a whisper, impressionability to tearfulness, excessive touchiness and tearfulness.
The slightest nuisance, a nervous environment at work can throw the melancholic off balance.
Under unfavorable conditions, melancholic people are withdrawn, fearful, anxious.
Melancholic is the only type of temperament characterized by slight vulnerability and resentment.
Prefers to obey rules and authorities.
On the eve important events always overly worried and worried.
What the choleric person sweeps away on his way, the phlegmatic person will not notice, the sanguine person will bypass - it becomes an obstacle for the melancholic. He gets lost, gives up, it is at such moments that he needs sympathy and support from relatives and friends.

In terms of self-improvement and self-realization, melancholic people need to be more active, engage in organizational activities in order to feel their importance, confidence and increase self-esteem. This is also facilitated by physical education and sports, gymnastics.

Type compatibility

The types of temperaments and character leave a special "imprint" on human relationships. Besides, personality traits bring some variety in the behavioral reactions of all sociotypes and are reflected in their perception of the world.

When one partner suppresses the feelings and desires of the other, certain difficulties arise. In the article "" you can learn more about all the complexities of such relationships.

People with different temperaments it can be very difficult to understand each other - their desires, aspirations and rhythms of life are fundamentally different. But, despite the individuality, certain tendencies are visible in the relationship of some types.

Choleric - phlegmatic
One of the most successful combinations - a phlegmatic person is able to balance a "violent" choleric person, if necessary, put him in his place. In addition, in his work, the phlegmatic person complements the more hysterical choleric person, directs him to the right channel and often takes responsibility for himself.
Melancholic - sanguine
A good-natured and open sanguine person will easily comfort a whiny and pessimistic melancholic. He will become for him the "light at the end of the tunnel" and will happily try to fill his depressed comrade vital energy... The compatibility of these personality types is extremely successful - the melancholic will periodically help the sanguine to get rid of the "rose-colored glasses", and he, in turn, will make the melancholic's life brighter and more fun.
Choleric - sanguine
A rather complex combination, so an unbalanced and irrational choleric person will greatly annoy a logical sanguine person. In addition, such a pair cannot be avoided frequent quarrels on the basis of "pulling the blanket" - everyone will try to take the leading position in the duet.
Phlegmatic - melancholic
The saddest couple - none of the partners feel vitality, both rarely go out to people and are not used to communication. Their relationship is very difficult - they rarely understand each other's desires and often complain about others.

If temperaments do not match well, partners should adhere to simple recommendations.

In the tandem choleric - melancholic, choleric people need to restrain themselves more, and melancholic people should not take everything so personally and try to abstract themselves from difficulties.
Once in a phlegmatic - sanguine union, phlegmatic people need to try to express their feelings more openly and directly and not be so persistent and unapproachable in their behavior, and sanguine people need to try to be more consistent in business and more reliable in their promises. Otherwise, it will be difficult for them to cope with the growing irritability of their partner.

If people have a similar type of nervous system, then the most favorable is the interaction of two phlegmatic or melancholic people, somewhat worse - two sanguine people and absolutely bad - two choleric people.

Interesting to know! Phlegmatic people are the most balanced people, it is difficult to piss them off.

Melancholic people are impressionable, very vulnerable and touchy, but they are quite compliant and inclined to compromise in order to achieve peace of mind... Sanguine people are independent and emotional, but easygoing. Noticing that a looming conflict can take a serious turn, they easily compromise to restore balance in the relationship.

The most difficult thing is to keep a balance in relationships for straightforward, excitable and unrestrained choleric people who, in their statements and actions, often cannot stop in time and therefore can offend others without wanting to.

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Choleric, from the point of view of psychology, this is a very strong personality type, for which characteristic feature is imbalance. Translated into simple language, choleric people can endure very large mental stress, perhaps greater than any other can endure psychological type, but, at the same time, they are characterized by high irritability and mental instability.

Psychological characteristics of choleric people

Thanks to natural strong type nervous system, choleric patients without special labor can overcome any difficulties and obstacles. But, despite perseverance and stability, in some situations they cannot restrain their emotions and simply throw them out on others, which greatly discourages them.

Psychologists have noticed the stronger a person's features are choleric temperament, the more he is quick-tempered and unbalanced. The most striking and well-known traits of a typical choleric are unbridled, hot temper and aggressiveness.

Movement and gait

There is nothing easier than recognizing a person of choleric temperament in a crowd. The choleric's gait is swift, the movements are sharp and quick, a little tense, he is always in a hurry, because there are still so many things to do. Choleric people always strive to know the world, every day, every hour, every moment, therefore they are always in a hurry.

Choleric self-esteem

Choleric people are always self-confident people, sometimes even self-confident. They have early childhood a high self-evaluation and no less high ambitions. Choleric people can always calculate their strengths, and never show others their few weaknesses.

Operability

This is not to say that choleric people are not efficient. If the choleric has a goal that he wants to achieve, he will make every effort, and, as they say, will demolish all obstacles, but he will definitely achieve what he wants. There is no more assertive and purposeful person than a choleric person. But if the work is not interesting to him and the very essence of choleric has disappointed him, he will leave it without unnecessary explanations and regrets. Thus, the performance of a choleric person is strongly influenced by external circumstances and personal interest.

Sociability

At their core, choleric people are very sociable, they always easily contact others. But, in any company, the choleric should take a leading position and be in the very center of everyone's attention. Choleric people tend to see rivals in everyone, so they try to subjugate everyone and everyone. Constant leadership and quick temper for many makes the character of a choleric difficult.

Love and friendship

Choleric people do not have many friends, but they are very attached to those few who can withstand their inconstancy and incontinence. IN love relationship choleric people dominate, are often jealous, can repeatedly break off relations in a fit of anger.

Sleep and appetite

Choleric people sleep a little, as a strong nervous system allows them to recover in a short period of time. It is quite normal for them to work at night; this does not affect the quality of work and well-being. Choleric people eat a lot, quickly and with appetite.