The latest methods of treatment in the field of physiotherapy. Methods of treatment in physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is the safest method of treating diseases of various etiologies. Today in medicine there is no such branch in which physiotherapy would not be used. Physiotherapy practices gentle, gentle and non-invasive medical methods which have practically no contraindications.

Benefits of Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy in the clinic "Vosstmed"

Physiotherapy methods are, first of all, natural factors:

• Motion;
• sound waves;
• Thermal effect;
• Light;
• Water;
• Magnetic fields.

Physiotherapy does not cause pain, does not cause allergic reactions and is applied regardless of the age and condition of the patient. Some techniques are used even for newborn babies and patients of very advanced age.

Physiotherapy techniques

Methods of physiotherapy are divided into hardware and non-hardware. The first group includes methods of treatment with the help of special devices or artificially created physical factors. To the second - methods that involve movement and manual impact.

Hardware methods include:

• Magnetotherapy (inductometry);
• electrophoresis;
• Phototherapy (UHF-therapy, laser therapy);
• Thermotherapy;
• Ultrasound treatment.

Non-hardware methods: this physiotherapy(exercise therapy), manual massage, (acupuncture and acupuncture). Typically, the methods of this group are used at the stage of rehabilitation of patients after the main treatment.

Let's consider the main techniques in more detail.

Magnetotherapy

The basis of this technique is the treatment by exposing the body to magnetic fields - constant and variable. The therapeutic mechanism of this technique has a multilevel character. The therapeutic effect is achieved through orientational rearrangement and deformation of the liquid crystal structures of cell membranes.

Magnetic waves stimulate ionic activity in tissues, which has a general stimulating effect on the entire body. Hardware influence changes physical activity and functional properties muscle fibers and activates nerve trunks.

There are several varieties of magnetotherapy - high-frequency, low-frequency, SMT or amplipulse therapy.

High-frequency magnetotherapy - the use of an electromagnetic field of high frequency. Under the influence of vibrations, fabrics with good electrical conductivity are heated up to 12 cm, which determines the overall therapeutic effect. High-frequency exposure is accompanied by a vasodilating, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Low-frequency magnetotherapy – treatment with magnetic fields of low purity. The method is based on magnetomechanical and induction effects. Low-frequency fields stimulate metabolic processes, activate blood circulation and tissue nutrition.

What is SMT Physiotherapy? This is the use of magnetic vibrations that correspond to the biocurrents of our body. This method relieves pain and has a stimulating effect on the nervous system.

electrophoresis

A method that combines electricity and medicinal effects. Due to the action of direct current, medicines penetrate the body in ionic form, which increases their therapeutic activity. There is a so-called "deposition" of drugs in the skin, which provides a prolonged (long-term) effect on the body.

The concentration of drugs can be very high, but the side effects active ingredients decrease as they bypass the stomach, intestines, and partially the liver.

Medicinal electrophoresis provides:

• Anti-inflammatory action;
• absorbable;
• Painkiller;
• Trophic (improves nutrition, blood supply to tissues).

In addition, there is stimulation nervous system and normalize general state organism.

Phototherapy

Phototherapy in physiotherapy is a whole group of methods based on the effect on the body of light. Different kinds light radiation, differentiated by wavelength, have very specific therapeutic properties, which are used in the treatment of diseases.

Among the methods of phototherapy:

• Laser exposure;
• UVR-physiotherapy (including KUV-physiotherapy - exposure to short-wave radiation);
• Chromotherapy (treatment with visible radiation).

Laser physiotherapy uses low intensity radiation, which is generated by quantum generators. Radiation exposure gives a metabolic, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect.

The healing properties of ultraviolet radiation is a bactericidal effect (the rays provoke mutations of bacteria and prevent their reproduction). Waves middle length and short waves have an immunomodulatory, vitamin-forming (with vitamin D deficiency), analgesic effect.

Thermotherapy

This method involves the use of various heated media - clay, sand, paraffin. During therapy, several factors act on the body at once - temperature, mechanical and chemical. This group also includes exposure to cold - cryotherapy.

Rehabilitation physiotherapy

Traumatic lesions of bones and muscles, degenerative and dystrophic diseases of the spine often require long-term rehabilitation treatment. After getting rid of pain and stabilizing the condition, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease and restore the functionality of the affected organs and tissues.

One of the most effective physiotherapeutic methods of this group is massage. Massage is done either by hand or with the help of special devices. Apparatus massage is also practiced.

Another restorative method is physiotherapy exercises (LFK). This technique is used in cardiology, orthopedics, traumatology, rheumatology and neurology. Via special exercises which the patient performs under the guidance of an experienced instructor, it is possible to restore activity after the most severe injuries and illnesses.

The greatest therapeutic effect is achieved when exercise therapy is combined with magnetotherapy, ultrasound treatment, laser exposure.

Physiotherapy is a method of influencing the human body with the help of physical factors. Depending on the origin of the main influencing mechanism, all types of this treatment are divided into two categories: natural and artificial. It is clear that the first one is based on the use of natural factors, in the second case, mechanisms and means created by human hands are used.

Of course, physiotherapy treatment has a positive effect on the patient's health. The reason for this lies in the fact that this technique is practically devoid of side effects, and besides, it is designed to significantly reduce the rehabilitation time and duration drug treatment. What are the types of this impact, as well as what is their nature?

Perhaps this is the second most commonly used technique. More recently, its usefulness has been questioned, but the research of scientists in this area has dotted the i's. I note that it has some limitations related to the nature of the tissue being affected. The fact is that not all organs are able to respond to the effects of a magnetic field.

Under the influence of a magnetic field, the movement of lymphatic fluid is significantly increased, which leads to an acceleration of outflow from the affected tissues. Outwardly, this is expressed in a decrease in swelling, and as a result, the normalization of the work of a particular organ. In addition, it also has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Laser therapy

This type of physiotherapeutic effect is quite young, in comparison with those previously considered, and at the same time, its effectiveness has been proven by many clinical studies. Its essence, as you can already guess, is the impact on living tissue with a laser beam.

Under the action of a laser, the condition of the affected organ improves significantly. The basis of this phenomenon is the expansion of the lumen of the capillaries, the normalization of regenerative processes, and the improvement of the work of the organ itself. The movement of the lymphatic fluid is also accelerated, which will manifest itself in the form of a decrease in swelling.

ultraviolet irradiation

I believe this technique is familiar to many of you. The scope of its application is somewhat different from the previously considered types of physiotherapy. Its essence is downloaded in the impact of ultraviolet rays on the skin and mucous membranes in order to provide a sanitizing effect.

Direct sunlight is known to kill 99 percent of bacteria and viruses. The “culprit” of such destructiveness is ultraviolet, and the intensity of the light beam is strictly dosed.

As I already mentioned, the only area of ​​application of ultraviolet radiation is treatment inflammatory diseases. It is used to treat diseases of the upper respiratory tract and in gynecology.

Contraindications to physiotherapy

Of course, each specific technique has its own list of contraindications. But, nevertheless, it is possible to identify conditions in which the use of any type of this treatment becomes impossible. These are the following states:

Purulent skin diseases;
Oncological pathology;
inflammatory diseases in acute period;
Severe course of bronchial asthma.

Conclusion

Imagine modern medicine impossible without physiotherapy. With its help, you can significantly reduce both therapeutic and rehabilitation periods diseases. True, like any method of influencing the body, it should be used only on the recommendation of a doctor. This is worth remembering, given the emergence of all kinds of portable devices sold by medical entrepreneurs.

Classification of methods of physiotherapy.

Devices for home physiotherapy, according to the results medical research, allow to increase the effectiveness of medical and surgical treatment, to achieve the stability of its results. In addition, in many cases, it is advisable to limit the treatment to physiotherapy alone. Physiotherapy devices can be used for rehabilitation after inflammatory diseases and injuries, for increase immunity and improve blood circulation.

Complementing other methods of treatment, physiotherapy accelerates full recovery and prevents the occurrence of side effects from taking medications.

It's getting more and more popular home physiotherapy. Devices designed specifically for this are sometimes the best way treatment.
Thanks to the use of such devices, a person significantly reduces the cost of medicines, the time to go to the doctor. It's quite safe enough use correctly, according to the instructions.
Naturally, the question arises: why spend money on home physiotherapy, if you can go to the clinic and get qualified help there?
Firstly, in physiotherapy rooms you will be offered only academic procedures. Secondly, after most physiotherapy procedures, you need to lie quietly for two to three hours. In which clinic can you afford it?

In addition, you still need to walk to the clinic. What if you have sciatica and lower back pain is such that it is difficult to move?
It seems appropriate to consider methods, which can be used in home physiotherapy.

Modern physiotherapy has a very wide and varied physical properties and physiological effect of an arsenal of therapeutic methods. In accordance with the type of energy introduced into the body when exposed to it (electrical, light, thermal, mechanical, etc.), physical therapy is divided into electrotherapy, phototherapy, thermotherapy, hydrotherapy, mechanotherapy, etc.

More often, however, a more detailed classification of therapeutic and physical factors is used in the literature.

TO first group relate direct and impulse electric currents of low voltage. It is represented by the following methods: galvanization, drug electrophoresis, electrosleep, diadynamic therapy, amplipulse therapy, fluctuorization, electrodiagnostics, and electrical stimulation.

Co. second group rank methods based on the use high voltage electric currents: diathermy, ultratonotherapy, local darsonvalization.

Third group includes electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields various characteristics . This includes following methods: magnetotherapy, inductothermy, ultrahigh-frequency therapy, microwave therapy.

Fourth group — electromagnetic oscillations of the optical (light) range. It includes methods based on the use of infrared, visible and ultraviolet rays, as well as monochromatic coherent radiation ( laser therapy).

Fifth group — mechanical oscillations of the medium. The group may include massage, ultrasound therapy, medicinal phonophoresis and vibrotherapy.

Sixth group includes methods based on use of a modified or special air environment: aerosol therapy (inhalation therapy), electroaerosol therapy, barotherapy, aeroionotherapy, climatotherapy, etc.

Seventh group — hydrotherapy methods based on the use of fresh water, natural mineral waters and their artificial counterparts.

V eighth group unite thermotherapeutic methods based on the use of heat (thermotherapy) and cold (cryotherapy, hypothermia). Used as heat treatment media healing mud(peloids), paraffin, ozocerite, naftalan, sand, clay, ice, etc.

It is quite clear that Not all of the named physical methods suitable for home use. Detailed characteristics physical factors that are used at home will be given below.

Along with the general mechanisms of action, the essence of which is to activate the regulatory and adaptive systems of the body, therapeutic physical factors, like medicines, cause and directly some healing effects. Therefore, some authors propose to classify physical factors not only according to the methods of generation and types of energy, but also according to their predominantly pharmacotherapeutic action. It is absolutely clear that there cannot be such a strict classification as in pharmacology.

Let's look at individual examples.

Physical factors show a distinct analgesic effect. Among the analgesic physiotherapeutic methods include electronarcosis, cryotherapy, electrophoresis of local anesthetics, fluctuorization, diadynamic therapy, etc.

Sedative (soothing) the action is inherent in electrosleep, bromoelectrophoresis, general wraps, fresh and coniferous baths, etc.

Pronounced antispasmodic and vasodilating properties possess inductothermia, microwaves, electrophoresis of certain drugs (magnesium sulfate, eufillin, nicotinic acid, gangleron), warm baths, ultrasound, etc.

Anti-inflammatory action provide an electric field of ultrahigh frequency, microwaves, ultra-violet rays, electrophoresis of antibiotics and sulfonamides, paraffin, ozokerite, etc.

As fibrolytic and antiadhesion medicinal products ultrasound, phonophoresis of a number of drugs (lidase, trilon B, chlorpromazine), electrophoresis of iodine preparations, amplipulse therapy, etc. can be used.

Examples of physiotherapeutic methods that exhibit anticonvulsant, hypotensive, antisclerotic, vitamin-forming, hyposensitizing, bactericidal, decongestant and resolving effects can be given. This, along with the universal reflex mechanism of action of therapeutic physical factors, further enhances their therapeutic capabilities and expands the indications for use in the treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients of various profiles.

At cardiovascular diseases, for example, physiotherapy is used to improve the extracardiac nervous regulation of cardiac activity, normalize the disturbed functional state CNS, metabolic processes in the myocardium, vascular tone, regional and peripheral circulation, as well as for unloading the myocardium and providing a training effect on it.

At nervous In diseases, physiotherapy is aimed at normalizing the functions of the central and peripheral nervous system, relieving pain, improving blood circulation and trophism of the nervous tissue. The analgesic effect of physical factors and their ability to influence the autonomic nervous system are used. Special meaning has the use of physical factors in order to restore or compensate for violated motor functions as a result of diseases or injuries of the nervous system.

At diseases of the digestive system physiotherapy improves the trophism and functional state of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and also restores or compensates for lost or sharply reduced as a result surgical interventions functions of the digestive apparatus.

At diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system the influence of physical factors contributes to the normalization of blood circulation, the trophism of bone, cartilage and muscle tissues, the removal of pain and inflammation, the stimulation of regeneration processes in damaged tissues, the increase in mobility and amplitude, movements in the joints, etc.

Even from the far from complete information given, it is clearly seen how great the possibilities of using it with therapeutic and health goals natural and preformed factors external environment. This also justifies them. application at home.

Let us consider in more detail the methods most used in home physiotherapy:

Electrotherapy;

Light therapy;

Laser therapy;

Magnetotherapy;

Local metal therapy;

Ultrasonic impact;

Aerosol therapy.

Electrotherapy.

"... Each new discovery in the field of electricity inevitably entailed an attempt to use it for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes..." A. P. PARFENOV

Electrotherapy - the use of constant or variable electric current in continuous or pulse mode.

The use of electricity with therapeutic purpose It began in ancient times, when people did not yet think about the essence of the phenomena occurring in this case and did not learn how to artificially obtain electrical energy.

Electrotherapeutic methods based on the use of therapeutic preventive purposes electric currents, electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, are among the most common, effective and loved by patients. They account for up to 60% of all physiotherapy procedures in polyclinics and hospitals. Every person visiting medical and preventive institutions necessarily comes into contact with electrotherapy. Already today, portable domestic and foreign electrotherapeutic devices (for example, analgesic electrostimulators) are on sale, and it is useful to be able to handle them. in each family.

Electrotreatment is more effective than other methods for the most common - pain in the spine, muscles, osteochondrosis, sciatica, arthritis. And if you have a device at home that you can easily learn how to use, you will have much less problems with your spine and joints.

Among the electrotherapeutic methods, the most widespread in last years receive medical methods based on the use of pulsed currents of low voltage and low frequency -

impulse electrotherapy.

Bringing the energy of the physical factor to the body in separate impulses (portions) allows you to reduce heat generation in tissues and the load on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. At the same time, it becomes possible to carry out a more or less selective (selective) effect on organs and tissues by choosing the rhythm and other parameters of exposure that correspond or are adequate to the activity. various bodies and systems.

The current impact impulse currents apply for:

normalization of the functional state of the central nervous system and its most important regulatory centers; providing pain relief;

stimulation of nerves, muscles and internal organs; improving the functional state of various organs and systems by stimulating blood circulation and microcirculation, enhancing metabolic processes and providing an anti-inflammatory effect.

From Methods pulsed electrotherapy appropriate to consider those

for which people at home have certain opportunities, since the corresponding equipment goes on sale.

Method transcutaneous (cutaneous) electrical stimulation(BSES) has become popular in many countries, primarily in connection with the study of the problem of pain and treatment pain syndromes. At the core therapeutic effect The method is based on the principle of using weak electrical stimulation to selectively excite specific nerve fibers (therefore, the method is often called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) that receive Active participation in the formation and sensation of pain. In contrast to classical electrotherapy, with typical TSES, the activation of nerve fibers is achieved without the involvement of motor structures, and therefore, there is no muscle contraction. For the BSEC, various portable devices. Technique medical procedures they have some features and differences, which are described in the corresponding instructions for use.

Current is supplied to the patient from the device using current-carrying electrodes and hydrophilic pads wetted with tap water. During the procedure, the electrodes should fit snugly against the skin, and the pads should be wet.

The location of the electrodes is determined by the nature of the pathology, the localization of pain and individual characteristics sick, which requires mandatory consultation doctor.

The operating current varies depending on the type of device and the individual sensitivity of the patient, but it should be several times higher than the threshold of perception and below the threshold motor reaction. Typically, the current reaches 30-50 mA and causes the patient to feel a vibration (at first unpleasant), stroking or light pressure.

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation is most indicated for patients with pathology of the nervous system - sciatica, traumatic neuritis, neuralgia, phantom and causal pain, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Contraindications for transcutaneous electrical stimulation: acute, purulent inflammatory process, thrombophlebitis, acute dermatoses, bleeding or suspicion of it, early postoperative period after suturing a vessel, nerve or tendon, the presence of metal fragments in the affected area, active tuberculosis, infectious diseases, malignant neoplasms, fever, cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation.

Galvanization and medicinal electrophoresis are used for therapeutic purposes in the form of a constant continuous current of low voltage (up to 80 V) and low power (up to 50 mA). Such a current in honor of L. Galvani is called galvanic. Medicinal electrophoresis is a combined (simultaneous) effect on the patient's body of direct current and medicinal substances administered with its help.

At home you can use the so-called prolonged drug electrophoresis (reduced current value with increasing exposure time), It is especially effective in the treatment of diseases accompanied by pain (sciatica, trauma, hypertonic disease and etc

Of the medicinal substances for prolonged electrophoresis, novocaine and other painkillers, antibiotics, vasoconstrictive drugs, and drugs that regulate the metabolism (metabolism) of substances are most suitable.

The main contraindications for galvanization and medicinal electrophoresis are neoplasms and suspicions of them, acute inflammatory and purulent processes, systemic diseases blood, decompensation of cardiac activity, extensive violations of the integrity skin, individual intolerance to current or medicinal substance.

Light therapy.

“... Above all is light, undoubtedly the most close friend and constant companion of life, and, of course, from this point of view, he has much more significant than is commonly believed..."

K. Hufeland

The use of light from natural or artificial sources for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes is called light therapy or phototherapy (from the Greek phos, photos - light, therapeia - treatment).

Modern medicine uses not only the visible part of the spectrum of radiant energy (light in the narrow sense of the word), but also the rays that are not perceived by our eyes - infrared and ultraviolet. All of them are presented in a certain ratio in sunshine, the use of which for therapeutic purposes is called heliotherapy(Greek helios - sun). Light is one of the most accessible and widespread therapeutic physical factors that can be applied. at home. It is quite effective in many common diseases. In addition, light is a good tempering and healing agent. The therapeutic possibilities of light can only be realized if it is used correctly. The founder of scientific heliotherapy A. Rollier had every reason to write: "Heliotherapy can give maximum success only if a strictly defined methodology is observed, and nothing should be left to chance."

Laser therapy.

Particularly in light therapy is worth laser therapy- the use of coherent monochromatic light radiation for therapeutic purposes.

In laser therapy, a low-energy laser beam penetrates deep into the tissues:

Stimulates metabolic processes;

Promotes tissue repair;

Regulates metabolism, microcirculatory system;

Stimulates the immune system;

Increases the nonspecific resistance of the organism.

The use of laser radiation effectively improves wound healing, prevents complications from developing, stops inflammation and relieves pain. But it should be remembered that exposure to a laser beam on the eye can result in retinal detachment— be careful not to shine the laser into your eyes!

Magnetotherapy.

Under magnetotherapy understand the use of a constant or low-frequency alternating magnetic field for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

For medicinal purposes, the magnet has been used for a long time. Interest

to magnetic fields in general and magnetotherapy in particular, not only has not weakened over time, but even in recent years has increased markedly. One of the reasons for the current heightened attention to magnetic fields is proof the presence of pronounced biological activity in magnetic fields, preventive and therapeutic effects.

Although even today questions about the mechanisms of the biological and therapeutic effects of magnetic fields, about indications and contraindications for magnetic therapy remain the subject of controversy and scientific research, much of this problem has become clear. Magnetic fields in small (therapeutic) dosages have, albeit not as pronounced as others physical methods but varied action. They, in particular, have anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, analgesic and trophic-stimulating action. Magnetotherapy reduces blood clotting (hypocoagulation and disaggregation effect), improves microcirculation and regional circulation, and has a beneficial effect on immunity.

Indications for magnetotherapy are the following diseases: diseases of the peripheral nervous system, wounds and trophic ulcers, post-traumatic and postoperative edema, some skin diseases, atherosclerotic lesions peripheral vessels, hypertension, diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, gastric ulcer and duodenum and etc.

The scope is: orthopedics and traumatology, diseases vascular system, rheumatology, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system. The method has almost no contraindications and has a minimal thermal effect.

Contraindications: hypotension, systemic blood diseases, malignant neoplasms, tendency to bleeding, decompensation of cardiovascular activity, early postinfarction period.

Local metal therapy.

The essence of the method is to apply to certain areas (zones) of the skin metal discs or plates. It, of course, has an indirect relation to electrotherapy, but the emergence of an electric potential between the skin and the metal (and current when using two different plates) plays a certain role in the basis of the mechanism of action. Most convenient form For medicinal purposes, discs made of various metals are used: copper, zinc, brass, bronze, silver, nickel, aluminum, iron, molybdenum, etc. Discs with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 cm and a thickness of 1 cm are most often used.

The use of copper discs and plates for metal therapy has received the greatest recognition. Many researchers point to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects. Medetherapy improves trophism (nutrition) and vascularization (blood supply) of tissues at the site of application.

Copper disks (plates) are applied to the skin of painful joints, reflexogenic zones or acupuncture points for 6-8 hours, less often up to 2 days. With radiculitis, the plates are not removed from the skin for 3-7 days, and then after a 2-3 day break, the procedure is repeated. Fix the discs with bandages or adhesive tape. During the treatment, the discs are periodically removed for several hours, and the skin under them is washed. warm water with soap. The course of treatment lasts from single procedures to 20 days. Appearance under the plate (disc) greenish color skin is a good prognostic sign.

Metal therapy, in particular medetherapy, can be recommended in complex treatment radiculitis, plexitis, polyarthritis, gastritis, cholecystitis, peptic ulcer, infiltrates, etc.

Application microcurrent therapy gives a good healing effect with pain syndromes.

Copper bracelets gained notable popularity.

O healing properties copper was known back in ancient india. With the help of copper, they tried to treat diseases of the skin and eyes. In Egypt and Syria, the custom is still widespread today to put copper rings on the feet and hands of children until their teeth erupt. Important role copper ions in the life of the body is scientifically proven.

This method, of course, is inferior to modern electrotherapeutic methods, but in the absence of devices at home, metal therapy can also be used.

ultrasound therapy.

The therapeutic application of ultra-high frequency sound vibrations has been used for a long time. Main impact factors:

mechanical - vibration micromassage of body tissues, stimulating metabolic processes in tissues;

thermal - the formation of "deep" heat in the tissues, which enhances metabolic processes, improves blood circulation, promotes the resorption of scars and reduces swelling;

physico-chemical - biochemical reactions in tissues are accelerated.

In total, all factors of ultrasonic influence contribute to the normalization of metabolism in tissues, the elimination of toxins, the burning of fat deposits, and the improvement of the structure and elastic properties of the skin. Depending on the selected exposure parameters, ultrasound therapy can be used in the treatment of scars, cellulite, overweight(obesity), in body shaping programs, in the treatment of various pain syndromes (radiculitis, neuralgia, trauma consequences, arthritis), ENT pathology, inflammatory diseases.

Aerosol therapy.

Aerosol therapy- this is an introduction with a therapeutic purpose into the body by inhaling the smallest particles of solid powdered or liquid medicinal substances sprayed in the air.

Aerosol therapy in the form of inhaled medicinal aerosols is one of the ancient methods treatment. Aerosols in the form of steam formed when balsamic substances and infusions of aromatic plants are heated, or smoke when these substances and plants are burned (fumigation), have long been used in traditional medicine many countries.

Aerosol therapy with the use of aerosols for therapeutic, prophylactic, diagnostic and narcotic purposes is based on the possibility of quick and painless application of medicinal substances to wound surfaces, mucous membranes and respiratory tract of the lungs, from where these substances enter the bloodstream. Such

The procedure is called inhalation.

Inhalation therapy- one of the main types of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Substances introduced in the form of a fine aerosol through the respiratory tract penetrate into the most inaccessible areas of the lungs, are absorbed by the mucous membrane, more quickly and efficiently, more than tens of times, have their effect on the body

For the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases, as well as for residual catarrhal phenomena, it is safer not to load the liver by taking pills, but to carry out inhalations. Inhalations are effective in the treatment of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract at all stages and are sometimes the only method for treating children under 5 years old, elderly and debilitated patients. Due to these advantages, as well as convenience and relative ease of use, inhalers are now widely used in clinics and at home.
Inhalation (nebulizer) therapy - effective method physiotherapy, which consists in the inhalation of aerosols of medicinal substances. To conduct a session of such therapy, today it is not necessary to visit a medical institution, you can purchase an inhaler (nebulizer) and carry out procedures at home.

Inhalers.

Currently, three main types of inhalers are used in medical practice: steam, ultrasonic and compressor (jet). The last two are united by the term "nebulizers" from the Latin word "nebula" - fog, cloud. They do not generate vapors, but an aerosol cloud consisting of microparticles of an inhaled solution.

Action steam inhalers based on the effect of drug evaporation. Most big disadvantage steam inhalers in a low concentration of the inhaled substance. As a rule, it is less than the threshold of therapeutic effects.

Compressor nebulizers form an aerosol cloud by forcing through a narrow hole in the chamber containing the treatment solution, a powerful air flow pumped by the compressor. The size of the particles formed in this case is on average 5 microns, which allows them to penetrate into all parts of the bronchial apparatus, including the smallest bronchi, and deposit on the mucous membranes, creating high therapeutic concentrations there. The disadvantage of the pneumatic method of spraying is that a uniform density of the aerosol in the air is not achieved, there is a significant variation in the size of the dispersion of aerosols, the volume of the consumed medicinal solution increases, and the penetration depth of the aerosol decreases.

Ultrasonic Nebulizers spray the solution due to the energy of ultrasonic vibrations. This method of spraying liquids ensures the monodispersity of the aerosol, high density and uniformity of aerosol particles with a size of 1 - 5 microns, ensuring the stability of deep inspiration with a smaller volume of consumed medicinal solution.

Ultrasonic inhalers are compact, silent and reliable, but a number of drugs (such as antibiotics and sputum thinners) are destroyed in an ultrasonic environment and cannot be used in this type of inhaler.

Aerosol therapy is compatible in one day with the methods of electro-light therapy, ultrasound, water and heat treatment procedures.