Paper origami of all kinds. The development of origami art in Russia. The right approach to paper selection

11.05.2019

You like origami. Get excited about beautiful paper figures, but find it extremely difficult. Believe me, there is no need to engage in self-deception. Monks in ancient times figured out how to fold paper, special figures that were intended to decorate temples and conduct religious rites. This is not as difficult as it seems at first glance, and today we will try to prove it to you.

Work materials

To begin with, it will be necessary to purchase a set of tools for our future work. The first thing you need to pay attention to is the choice of paper. An office one is best because it is quite tough. It is quite enough for any folding schemes. To connect small parts, you need paper glue, for example, PVA or a special glue stick. If you need to connect several blanks different colors, aerosol glue will come to the rescue, when using it, you can create unique multi-colored figures.

Other specialized masses of glue can also be used, especially those that do not leave any marks on the paper or are quite easy to remove. At the same time, it is convenient to fix with such glue both outside the product and inside. If the figurine is made of white or gray paper, then you can use spray paint to give the craft the desired color. Several types of scissors may be required. Sometimes a cutter comes in handy. This tool performs alignment of slices. Be very careful, the blade can be very sharp, otherwise you will not get a smooth and beautiful cut.

Buy several different lines. They are useful for making a craft scheme, tracking the desired angle during assembly, applying the main part and correctly placing the product based on the panel. Useful ordinary pencils or a special pencil. Experienced origami makers use rhinestones, various ribbons, pieces of fabric, unnecessary beads, beads, the remains of other decorations, and much more in their work. All this is suitable for creating unique and original figurines.

The right approach to paper selection

To get the result, the choice of paper should be approached with full responsibility. After all, the creation of figures mainly involves bending and folding paper sheets. A lot, if not all, depends on its quality. The list below will allow you to understand which material is best suited for origami, and which is not suitable at all:

Office paper is quite thick, tough and quite cheap. The first steps in creating figures must be done with the help of it. When connecting a piece of paper, it is very good to hold on, and if the workpiece is damaged, it is absolutely not a pity to throw it away.
Multi-colored office paper - has the same advantages as plain office paper and does not appear spots and white stripes on the folds, great for modular origami.
Stickers - great for multi-colored figurines, most often used in modular origami and kusudami.
Colored paper for school - 100% unsuitable for this hobby. Thin, not dense, torn quite easily, light stripes remain at the folds.
Foil paper - very dense, almost impossible to tear, more often used for making complex schemes and models. If you straighten the fold, there will be hard, dense stripes.
Glossy magazine pages - perfectly retain their shape and fold, quite dense.
Banknotes - good strength, show themselves well on the folds. Great for making small exclusive gifts.
Paper intended for origami - has several types (double-sided, monotonous, and so on), occurs in the form of sets.
Tracing paper - suitable for those who take the first steps decided to test their strength.
Various variations expensive paper - have both advantages and disadvantages and are used only for certain products.

What are the types of origami

There are several types of origami that help you have a great time, learn how to create jewelry with your own hands, improving your skills and abilities over time. In addition to the well-known origami techniques of the so-called classical direction, there are several alternative ones:

Ordinary (simple) origami - suitable for those who decide to try themselves in a new business. Assembling the figurines does not require special skills, the folds must be made towards oneself in the so-called valley or away from oneself as a mountain. A good example is the figurine of a crane.
Modular origami (blanks from modules). The connection is carried out from several identical parts, called modules, which are formed according to the laws of ordinary origami from a single sheet. Connect simple folding. Do not crumble due to the force of friction between the individual modules.
Aerogami is a name that speaks for itself. The art of creating aircraft figures.
Kusudami - origami using volume, modules are assembled using glue or thread. Most often, crafts are made in the form of a ball.
Kirigami - making various figurines with scissors. Suitable for making holiday cards.
Raw or wet origami. Based on water-moistened paper to give products a more expressive shape, hardness and clarity of lines. More often found in the manufacture of figures of animals and unusual plants. The paper must contain water-soluble glue, otherwise the product will inevitably spread.

Crane - origami

One of the most simple models, it is believed that if you collect 1000 cranes, your most cherished wish will come true.

A step-by-step instruction for making an origami crane looks like this:

We bend paper sheet diagonally.
We take scissors and cut off all unnecessary, as a result, a triangle should remain.
We make one more fold.
From the resulting triangle, (One because there are 2 of them), we make a square by straightening. On the other hand, we repeat the procedure.
We take the edges from above and gently bend them towards the center.
Bend the triangle located on top.
We unbend, we form a contour.
Bend the bottom corner horizontally.
We fold the edges to the center, until we get a rhombus. We repeat all the steps on the other side.
We take it by the bottom and bend along the inner counter. Got a neck.
We also make a tail.
At the neck, gently bend the beginning to get a beak.
We bend the wings using a small angle.

The crane is ready, you can color it if you wish.

paper rose

One of the most popular models is the origami rose. Making it is quite simple:

We bend a sheet in half, preferably red. We make one more fold.
We make the opening of the top layer and flatten the top a little.
Turn to the other side, turn over.
We repeat the second step.
Take both corners and fold to the top corner.
The resulting triangle, bend in half until you get the fold lines.
Pull the corners down a little flattening and open the triangles.
We take the pockets by the upper part, and very carefully bend down.
On the other hand, repeat steps 5-8.
We bend the top corner.
How to open a notebook lower part.
Stretch and flatten until two triangles are obtained.
I put the workpiece on the other side.
Raise the triangle up.
The lower square located to the right bends strictly diagonally from top to bottom.
Rotate the workpiece 180 degrees and repeat the previous step.
Transferring the product to left hand, gently take the fingers of the other hand behind the walls of the product and twist clockwise until we get a rose. We bend the petals with a handle.

Volumetric origami - flower ball

Do beautiful origami in the form of a flower ball is very simple, the main thing is to be patient and follow the instructions:

Fold the note paper in half to form a triangle.
We bend the edges and press them very strongly.
Fold the right corner back.
left side Triangles are bent, folding in half.
We do the same with the right.
Then fold the whole piece in half.
The triangle below is folded in half again.
In this case, the larger figure should be on top of the smaller one.
We fold the part of the protruding triangle and bend it inward.
One module is ready, we do the same with 4 more sheets. They must all be completely identical.
We glue the modules or put them on adhesive tape.
The first flower is ready, we do the rest in the same way.
It will take about 11 of these flowers, we connect them together, with glue until we get a ball.

Origami in the shape of an Easter egg

To create an egg, you need to make about 1000 modules. They will be fastened with grooves. Colors and patterns are limited by your imagination. The assembly starts from the top, take 8 modules of the same color and make a circle out of them, add another module between the rows. It turns out two rows of 8 modules. In the next row, two blanks are added between the rows. To increase the volume, it is necessary to add modules in each subsequent row. There should be 32 modules in the middle. The bottom is assembled in exactly the same way, but the number of modules will decrease.

After the egg is ready, you can start making the stand. We take 18 modules and form a circle from them. Modules are inserted into the unoccupied gaps of the row. We come up with a pattern by selecting blanks by color. Details for the central axis of the stand consist of two rows of 12 pieces. To start row number 3, you need to move the modules towards the center, twisting them a little. We lay out the finished parts up. We have a column. In the middle of the stand there will be 7 rows of modules. The top is assembled in the same way as the bottom.

Modular origami in the form of a white swan

Step-by-step instructions for creating a modular origami in the form of a beautiful volumetric swan:

We make 458 blanks from plain paper in the form of a triangle. For the beak we make one red.
We insert two modules with corners into the pocket of the third.
We add 2 more. We fasten the corners into pockets.
We prepare 3 rows in the same way, 30 blanks will be needed for each, we close the circle.
We also put on modules for 4 and 5 circles.
We hold the product with our fingers and press on the center, gradually turning it out.
We bend the edges of our future swan to the top.
We make the 6th row, observing the staggered order of the arrangement of the blanks.
We are preparing blanks for the wings in the seventh row, for which we put on twelve modules, skipping 2 corners, we fasten another 12. There will be a neck on the left narrow place, on the expanded tail.
In the eighth row, the number of modules in the krill is reduced by one.
Then we also do with each row until one triangle remains.
The tail is made by decreasing by a module in each row.
The head and neck are assembled from 10 ordinary and one colored blanks, red or yellow color. The corners of the colored blank must be glued so that the beak does not fork. We collect the neck, inserting the corners into the pockets of the blanks, then gradually arching.
We put the neck in place.

The swan is ready.

Anyone can learn origami more fully, you need to have a little free time and desire, and you will succeed.

99 new photo paper origami ideas

– the whole world that can be expressed with soul and paper. Incredibly, with this material you can create the most various crafts- and flat, and voluminous, and bright, and monochromatic. There are several basic techniques on which all creativity is based. We will talk about the types of origami.

If we talk about classic origami, then it uses one square evenly dyed piece of paper without scissors and glue. A variety of figures are assembled from it - these are traditional airplanes, boats, cranes, frogs, flowers, animal faces.

Children's origami

Children by nature are big dreamers and creators. They just love magic and fairy tales, they are friends with sorcerers and magicians. And, despite the fact that their pranks are often associated with the lack of important things, like adults, children continue to explore the world, look for something new. Origami - a great opportunity give them Magic world, in which they will be able to show their seething imagination and escape from pranks. It's so important to become at least for an hour the magician of a small country! Children's origami- it is also useful activity, which develops motor skills of hands, logical, spatial thinking and dexterity. There are many origami schemes for children that use the usual colored paper painted on one side. You can revive the figures by drawing or gluing eyes, nose and mouth from colored paper.

Modular origami: making

This type of origami appeared much later than the classic one. But today, modular origami is in first place in popularity, allowing adults and children to make amazing garlands, mosaics (paintings), kusudamas and make real sculptural compositions. The basis of the modular type of origami is blanks or modules that are folded from pieces of paper. Modules are voluminous and flat. By fastening them together, you can get any figure.

The Art of Kusudama

No less popular today is a kind of modular origami - kusudama, in which the whole figure is assembled from many identical modules (parts). Each part is composed according to all the canons of the classics from one sheet. Therefore, the parts are connected by inserting them into each other. And the friction force that appears in this case does not allow the entire structure to fail and fall apart. Often this is a volumetric body of a spherical type. In ancient times, it was made as medicinal balls, where they were placed herbal preparations, all kinds of mixtures of petals and incense, with which the name was actually associated. However, today such balls are used as decor items that bring a sense of celebration and a little oriental touch to the house.

Ordinary origami

Regular origami is a style invented by British origami artists. The purpose of this origami is to make it easier for people who are just delving into wonderful world paper art. In addition, simple origami is also suitable for people with limited movement skills. The limitation given above means that there are no complex techniques in simple origami, so for people who have already mastered the technology well, it is better to use other types of origami.

Unfolding

A sweep or pattern is a type of origami diagram, which is a model with a drawing showing all the folds finished product. Flatten folding is much more difficult than traditional folding, but this method provides not only information on how to fold the model, but also how it was conceived. Sweeps are often used in the development of some new models. For the "pros" folding along the sweep is the very thing!

For sure, everyone heard about such an art form as origami. modern man. However, often even someone who likes to spend his free time, folding all kinds of paper figures, does not know what the history of origami is, when and where this art originated.

Where and when did the art of origami originate?

Mandatory material for this type of art is, of course, paper. And although the first paper machine was invented in China, the history of origami originates in Japan. It was the Japanese who at the beginning of the 8th century began to fold various figures. By the way, in Japanese, the word “origami” means “folded paper”. It is worth noting that in those days paper was very expensive material, therefore, it was available only to temples and monasteries. The monks made special paper boxes called "sanbo", in which sacrifices were made to the gods. These first origami crafts were made without the use of any tools, and the material was exclusively paper.

A little later, every Japanese aristocrat knew how to make such boxes for presenting a gift. dear person or give to God. And after 600 years, paper ceased to be such a valuable resource, which allowed this art to develop at a rapid pace. The history of origami, probably, has long been forgotten by the Japanese, however, the technique of folding the first airplanes, animal figurines and amazing flowers presented by them pleases the whole world today.

The oldest origami crafts

As mentioned above, the first products made using the origami technique were boxes. But since they were made solely for practical and not decorative purposes, they cannot be called real works of art. Crane - it was with this figurine that the history of origami as an art form began. In the first Japanese edition of origami called "Semba - tsuru orikata", which means "How to fold a thousand cranes", the features of paper folding of 49 models of cranes were described. It was enough detailed instructions origami, albeit with the minimum amount graphic illustrations. This book was published in 1797 by the rector of the Rokan temple.

It is worth noting that the book includes instructions for folding not only individual cranes, but also their various combinations with each other. For example, the figurines could be given the shape of a garland, which was obtained by connecting several cranes by the tips of the wings or beaks.

The development of origami art in the world

The most active art of origami in Japan began to develop after the Second World War. The history of origami owes much to the Japanese master Akiro Yoshizawa. It was he who began to fold the first, until then unknown, paper figures, among which were frogs, fish, cranes, iris flowers and many others.

As for the countries of Europe, the adherents of this art living on their territory learned a lot from Japan. However, it cannot be argued that the history of the emergence of origami in Europe is associated exclusively with the land of the Rising Sun. So, some figures were folded by Spanish masters, and the symbol of origami in this country are paper birds- "paharites". There is an assumption that this figurine was first built in Toledo in the 12th century.

In 1937, the first origami book in Europe, The Making of Origami, was published in London. paper toys". Its author was Margaret Campbell. Thanks to her, it became easier to fold such origami crafts as “bird”, “water bomb” and “frog”. And in 1946 in English children's magazine crane folding scheme was published.

The development of origami art in Russia

In Russia, the development of this type of art is rooted in antiquity, but it is still impossible to give an exact answer to the question of when and how the first paper origami appeared on the territory of our country. There is reliable evidence that Leo Tolstoy knew how to fold various paper figures and devoted a lot of time to this. His manuscript was found, where he mentions that one woman taught him how to make cockerels out of paper, whose homeland is Japan. These "creatures" flapped their wings in a very funny way when they were pulled by the tail. Tolstoy wrote that in the future, everyone to whom he showed how to fold this figurine was delighted with what they saw.

If we talk about a later time, then the development of origami in Russia went so rapidly that already in the period Soviet Union there was not a single schoolboy who could not add paper boat, airplane, glass and many other items.

Varieties of origami

Origami crafts can be presented in the form of both flat and voluminous figurines. Under flat products refers to various animals and objects that have only one front side and are unable to maintain a vertical position on the surface. In this technique, cats, and bears, and snowmen and many other figures are folded.

As for three-dimensional origami, it is immediately worth noting that many people confuse this technique with modular, but these are two different things, and it is important to know. Speaking of three-dimensional origami, it means that from one sheet of paper, by various foldings, you can get a figure that will maintain a vertical position without outside support. Remember at least the boats that can not only stand on the table, but also successfully sail along the stream. Similarly, many figurines can be made.

The easiest origami crafts

The origami "house" instruction is one of the simplest. To do this, you will first need to fold a square sheet of paper in half, and then again in half, but vertically. The last action is performed to indicate the center, to which in the next step it is necessary to bend the edges of the rectangle and again get a square. After this, the last bends unfold, and top part the rectangle is bent to the first planned line at an angle of 45 degrees. After that, turn the corner and, bending to the middle upper layer rectangle, to form a "roof". Similar actions needs to be done with opposite side. Here is the finished house! To make it more realistic, you can use pencils, felt-tip pens or colored paper, glue and scissors.

Another common and simple paper origami is a boat. To make it, you need a rectangular sheet of paper, which should be folded in half across, and then twice again, but along. Flatten the last bend and bend the upper corners of the sheet to it. After that, one layer of the lower part, which remained after folding the corners, must be bent up from one side, and the second layer - up from the other side. Gently bend the corners obtained on the sides to opposite sides so that they do not protrude. Next, bring the corners of the resulting triangle so that you get a square. Next, the lower corners must be bent up to different sides, and then reduce the angles of the resulting triangle again. On last step the upper corners must be parted to the sides and you can go with the boat to the stream.

The emergence of modular origami

Modular origami, like the usual one - flat or three-dimensional, originated in Japan. The first mention of this art form falls on 1734. It was then that the Japanese author Hayato Ohoko published a book in which there was an instruction for folding a modular cube.

Modular origami differs from the usual one in that in the first case, folding one figure requires many small triangles, previously folded in a special way into the so-called modules, while for traditional origami only one sheet of paper is required.

Technique of folding modules and their connection

For the manufacture of modules, you will need standard sheets of paper in an amount that is 4 times less quantity required modules for the manufacture of future volumetric figure. First, a sheet of paper must be folded in four and, using scissors or a ruler, divided into 4 parts along the formed bends.

Next, each of the four rectangles needs to be bent along, and then across. The last bend is only needed to get the center line, which is necessary for convenience. further work. After it is made, it is necessary to unbend the product and bend the side parts of the rectangle to the center line. Then you should turn the module over and bend the protrusions that remain up, and the corners - on opposite side. Next, you need to go back one step and bend the protrusions into the product. To obtain a finished module, it is necessary to fold the resulting triangle in half so that two pockets form on one side of it, into which the sharp ends of the second module will be inserted in the future to obtain a certain figure.

Surely many have seen beautiful figurines folded from paper. And sometimes there are figures that can move. Who makes them? And they are made by origami masters.

What is origami?

Classic origami is the ability to fold a model from one sheet (square) without the use of scissors and glue.

Origami was originally an art beautiful folding paper to create figurines that were used in religious ceremonies. In ancient China, only the upper class were allowed to fold origami. Moreover, the possession of this art was considered a sign of good taste.

History of origami

There are many different theories about the origin of origami. We will talk about the most common.

Origami is an amazing art! The ability to beautifully fold a sheet of paper appeared in ancient times. Traditionally, the birthplace of this arts and crafts is considered Ancient China. More likely main reason such a conclusion is the fact that it was directly invented in China.

Further great development origami received in Japan. This art became one of the main ones in Japanese culture already at the beginning of the 9th century. So, for example, samurai often exchanged gifts, which were decorated with special paper ribbons as symbols of good luck - wear them. Origami was also used to decorate and ceremonial accompaniment of Shinto weddings.

Also, do not forget about the autonomous development of origami art in China, Spain, Germany and Korea. Development European traditions was poorly documented, but paper is known to have originated in Spain in the 11th century.

In Germany, origami began to develop from the 15th century. And already in the 19th century, with the filing of Friedrich Föbel, the art of paper folding made a strong qualitative leap. This German teacher proposed to develop hand motor skills in children by teaching the art of origami in schools and kindergartens.

Now origami is an international art, one of the most widespread in the world. It received particular development after the publication in the sixties of the system symbols Yoshizawa - Japanese master origami. After that, explaining the process of folding the figures became much easier. In addition, now it has become possible to learn how to fold models without the presence of a teacher.

Types and techniques of origami

Simple origami is a style that uses only mountain and valley folds (attached). Designed by John Smith.
Modular origami - many individual figures, folded according to the rules simple origami(modules) are connected to each other by simple nesting.
Wet folding is a folding technique that was developed by Yoshizawa. In it, to create models, moistened special solutions paper. This allows you to add smoothness and expressiveness to the lines. With this technique, animal figurines are much more realistic.
Folding according to a pattern - origami is folded according to pre-drawn drawings of bending lines, in accordance with the photographs of the author.

Origami materials

In order to fold a beautiful origami, it is very important to choose right material. In general, any sheet material can be used for these purposes, but the final appearance of the model depends very much on it, so you need to choose it “wisely”.

In order to fold simple figurines enough to take plain paper for a low density printer. If you want to test the technique wet folding you will need thicker paper.

Now you can find special paper for origami in stores. It is called "kami" which means "paper" in Japanese. As a rule, it is colored on one side and has the shape of a square.

IN Lately foil paper became widespread. She possesses important advantage- knows how to keep a good shape. This greatly simplifies the process of working out the smallest details in any model.

Japanese masters use in the art of origami more than thick paper, which is called "washi". Most commonly, washi is made from bark, bamboo, hemp, and wheat.

The paper crane is a symbol of peace along with the dove. It has become such since 1999, when the largest paper crane in the world was presented to the public at the stadium.
Akira Naito created the world's smallest crane. For its production, he used paper measuring 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm.
The first book on the art of origami folding was published as early as 1797. Its author was Akisato Rito.
Parapsychologists say that the premises in which the enough origami, have a much higher energy background.

Origami is great idea for hobby. If you like painstaking work, and also want to create something beautiful, then this lesson is for you!

22Jun

What is Origami

Origami- This general term, which is used to describe crafts related to paper folding of various shapes. In simple words: Origami is the art of paper folding.

Origin of the word Origami.

Although the art of paper folding cannot be called exclusively Japanese, the word “ORIGAMI” itself came to us from the country rising sun. Literally, it consists of two parts, this is "ORI", which means "fold" and "KAMI" - paper. Researchers cannot say exactly when given word, but most likely this happened at the moment when paper was delivered from China to Japan around 600 AD.

History of Origami.

Before proceeding to brief history of this art, let's immediately clarify such important fact as the place of origin. The fact is that although at the mention of the term "origami", many immediately imagine Japan, the very art of making figures from paper, most likely has a more ancient and non-Japanese origin. On this occasion, there is no unanimous opinion, since such types of creativity were manifested in different regions and in different periods time. For example, in Ancient Egypt they created figurines from, which, with its appearance, was significantly ahead of paper.

However, since the term "origami" implies the presence of paper, we should be transported to the period of its invention, namely China in the year 105 AD. For reference, it was invented by a Chinese dignitary of the Han Dynasty named Cai Lun. So, when paper was already relatively common in China, but the secret of its manufacture had not yet left the country's borders, various ways its folding and cutting. Basically, these crafts were used for various religious purposes. From this we can conclude that "origami" as a form decorative arts shaping paper, has precisely Chinese roots.

« So why is it that origami is considered to be Japanese art? " - you ask. The answer will be very simple. The fact is that after the paper was brought to Japan, it was there that the paper folding technique became widespread and developed. For the Japanese, the art of origami has become a real philosophy, containing many legends and superstitions.

Origami - crane.

The most famous origami figurine is the crane. It has become an international symbol of peace. In Japan, almost every child knows how to create paper cranes.

By its popularity given form owes the book to Eleanor Koer - "Sadako and 1000 Paper Cranes". This book tells the story of a young girl who was exposed to radiation from the atomic bomb dropped by the United States on Hiroshima. A few years later, she developed leukemia. When Sadako was in the hospital, a friend who visited her told her a legend that if a person makes 1,000 paper cranes, he will recover from his illness. The roots of the legend lay in the ancient belief of the Japanese that the crane symbolizes happiness, health and longevity. After hearing this story, the girl firmly decided to make 1000 paper cranes.

A friend taught Sadako how to make them, and in the end she already had one crane. It remained to add up 999 more. The medical staff and visitors, having learned about the girl’s idea and her firm belief in the result, helped with materials for the figurines. Absolutely everything was used, from wrappers to medical journals and x-ray film. The work was very exhausting for the weakened girl, but she continued.