They get confused in appointments, leave keys at home, cannot remember the name of the book they are currently reading... Such forgetfulness gives them a lot of trouble. Why does it arise?

Simple absent-mindedness or obvious health disorder? Can we cope with our forgetfulness on our own or should we seek help from specialists?

Memory impairment can have many causes. Most difficult cases associated with neurological disorders. “And above all with Alzheimer's disease,” says neurologist Vladimir Zakharov. – Only in the initial stage of this incurable disease can we make life easier for patients. We store their memory with transmitters, drugs that make up for the lack of acetylcholine, the substance by which information is transmitted from cell to cell. Another common cause of forgetfulness is vascular dementia. It develops rapidly, and in this case, memory helps to preserve drugs that normalize cerebral circulation. It is necessary to distinguish these serious disorders from simple forgetfulness, which can be caused by stress, depression, or long-term traumatic experiences. And in these cases, it is quite possible to improve memory. “If, having forgotten the name of the actor, you remember it when you hear his name, then the violation is not of a systemic nature. In this case, it is worth contacting a psychologist,” says Vladimir Zakharov.

Nikolay, 51, employee of the Ministry of Culture “I couldn’t remember how old I am”

“For the past few years, I keep forgetting things. For example, I need to find something in the office. But while I'm going there, I forget what I was going for. On duty, I have to conduct many negotiations with a variety of people. And suddenly I completely forget our preliminary agreements. Some kind of sudden failure, a veil ... This happens to me more and more often, and it becomes simply unbearable. And the other day something quite out of the ordinary happened: I could not remember how old I am! All of this makes my life miserable."

To the one who is near

The main victims of forgetfulness are those who forget themselves! So don't be too harsh on them. If, having forgotten about the agreement, the person again let you down and is trying to find the reason for his forgetfulness, show tolerance. Suggest, ask suggestive questions related to a specific situation. This is exactly what the therapist does during the session. Help your forgetful loved one exercise memory: instead of repeating the same thing three times, ask him if he remembers what you just said. Such "checks" will contribute to his greater concentration.

Psychological reasons

“Forgetfulness often occurs at the moment when a person’s connection with himself is broken, he stops hearing his inner voice, and perceives life as an unbearable test, - psychoanalyst Ksenia Korbut clarifies. - Oblivion turns out to be a saving way out, however, only for a short time". Psychodramatic trainings, work with a psychotherapist help to clarify the relationship with oneself and with one's family history.

From the point of view of psychoanalysis

Everything that we once experienced, everything that causes us a feeling of discomfort, anxiety, fear, we displace into our unconscious. "That's one of the ways psychological protection, - explains Ksenia Korbut. “By “forgetting”, we get rid of the ambivalence of our feelings, protect ourselves from negative experiences - in a word, we temporarily forget about what causes mental pain. But at the same time we move away from ourselves, because the cause of our suffering remains unchanged.

Everything that is stored in our unconscious periodically erupts in a symbolic form, in the form of plot dreams, erroneous actions (slips of the tongue, slips of the tongue), memory lapses. Alexander, 32, constantly forgets or loses the keys to his apartment. He grew up in an authoritarian family, and his parents made it clear very early that he had no place in their home. From the age of 18, Alexander lives independently. It would seem that he forgot about what he experienced in childhood, and perhaps only such a strange forgetfulness worries him. “Rejection is a strong destructive feeling, it is difficult to cope with it,” comments Ksenia Korbut. - Unconsciously forgetting the keys, Alexander is still trying to free himself from this experience. But each time, faced with a locked door, again and again he feels abandoned. Forgetting indicates the presence of a problem, and what exactly we have forgotten can tell us where to look for the cause of suffering. Psychoanalysis helps to plunge into the unconscious, to relive painful experiences and thus free oneself from them.

What to do?

Buy beautiful frame, insert a sheet with some kind of poem into it and hang it in a conspicuous place. Your goal is to remember to memorize one or two poems a week.

Work with the body.

Sign up for a dance studio: classes will help you maximize your memory and attention.

Don't try to do everything.

Forgetful people often think about a hundred things at once. Let yourself rest and learn to shift some business to others - then you will stick to the main thing more firmly.

Practice associations.

Pairing one performance with another is a great way to remember them. Look for your memorization techniques.

Develop your feelings.

The more your feelings are included during some activity, the more likely it is that it will be well remembered. Go to a perfume shop to enrich your olfactory palette, quit smoking for a better taste, and pay attention to tactile sensations.

Help. What to do with memory? I forget everything

But keep in mind, I'm just speculating. Because I went through this myself. Do not despair, just approach this issue correctly, without haste and without emotions.

Then I analyzed it and realized that I was doing everything out of habit, without thinking. I had to come up with a new habit, like. Stop: what should I do and something like that -)))

Here's another example: In the evening I throw a toy in the middle of the room so that in the morning I remember that I have to take it to work or do something.

Memory has deteriorated: why do I forget everything

Having memory problems? Can't remember where you put your receipt or car keys? Well, the usual absent-mindedness is not scary. But if there are more serious problems when not only long-term, but also short-term memory suffers - such violations prevent us from living. What could be the reason for memory loss?

Stress, nervous stress, chronic fatigue, accompanied by insomnia - the most common cause of memory problems. During sleep, the brain sorts the information received during the day, and since it does not have enough time for this process, some of this information is lost.

Deficiency of certain substances necessary for the normal functioning of the brain. For example, vitamins C, E, B6, B12, nicotinic and folic acids.

Alcohol abuse. At first, memory impairments occur episodically, losing only memories during the period of intoxication. Then the memory worsens more, there is a slowdown in the thought process and the speed of information perception.

Smoking also contributes to forgetfulness - while inhaling tobacco smoke, a spasm of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain occurs, and its intoxication occurs.

Diseases of the thyroid gland. Memory impairment may be one of the symptoms of endocrine diseases associated with a lack of production of thyroid hormones.

Inflammatory and infectious diseases brain and internal organs. Symptoms of impaired short-term memory disappear after the disease is cured.

Lack of blood supply to the brain. As a result oxygen starvation brain, entire sections of blood vessels and organs cease to do their job. Occurs with hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke and heart disease.

Age-related changes, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Head trauma with damage to brain tissue. Therefore, try not to ignore bruises and bumps, and hurry to consult a specialist.

brain tumors. They disrupt cerebral circulation, squeezing blood vessels and brain tissue.

In any case, in case of memory impairment, do not self-medicate, but seek the advice of a neurologist. Only a specialist can find the cause of memory impairment.

Polina 2015.02.05 12:38

Lotos 2015.02.03 11:51

Polina 2015.01.04 15:33

Cheburashka 2014.12.25 12:21

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I keep forgetting everything

Constant forgetfulness brings a lot of trouble to both the forgetful people themselves and their loved ones. Of course, every person at least once in his life forgot about some urgent matters or meetings, forgot some things, but there are people for whom forgetfulness is the norm of life.

They may leave their keys at home, they cannot remember the title of a book, they forget to buy at the store. necessary products. Why does such dispersal arise? Is it possible to cope with it on your own, or is this the case when the help of a specialist is needed? What is it: a character trait or a mental disorder?

Causes of memory impairment

Of course, in each case, the causes of memory impairment may be different. These may be serious illness, like Alzheimer's disease or other ailments associated with a disorder of the nervous system or psyche. In these cases, you can make life easier for patients with special drugs. Sometimes excessive distraction is caused by stress or some kind of disorder, forgetfulness can also occur in a state of depression, or in connection with traumatic events. In such cases, it is quite possible to cope with their condition and significantly improve memory.

Psychological causes of forgetfulness

Sometimes forgetfulness occurs in a person as a defensive reaction. This happens if a person perceives life as a test, he has a broken connection with his inner world, he does not hear his inner voice. In this case, a person needs to work with a psychotherapist in order to identify the causes of his condition, help him deal with himself, learn to hear himself.

It happens that a person forgets to constantly perform one action, or loses some things. For example, umbrellas or gloves. Perhaps this action or this object is somehow directly or indirectly connected or associated with some traumatic situation that he wants to forget. For example, a person who was kicked out of the house by his parents in his youth constantly forgets and loses his keys. It seems to him that he has already forgotten this situation and has forgiven his relatives, but every time he finds himself in front of a locked door, he again experiences the same feelings as in his youth. IN similar cases a person needs to undergo a course of psychoanalysis in order to identify the unconscious, repressed causes of his forgetfulness.

First of all, you need to develop your attention and memory. There are many exercises that help train your memory. You can hang it on the wall, or put a beautiful frame on your desktop in which to place the poem you like. The frame should hang in a prominent place, and your goal is to learn one or two poems every week.

They help to solve problems with memory and playing sports that require coordination of movements. Perfect for dance classes. Your body will "remember" new movements, and this will have a positive effect on mental memory.

Don't take on too much. Sometimes forgetfulness occurs in people who are too busy various affairs. They try to keep dozens of things in their heads at the same time, they are afraid of missing something or forgetting it. As a result, they really begin to forget a lot. Learn to rest fully, and do not take on more than you can do. Learn to shift things to those around you: colleagues, family members, friends.

If you forget some words or names, memorize them using the association method. Think about what you associate with the word that you need to remember. You can come up with your own, individual methods of memorization.

Develop sensibility. If your senses are involved during some activity, then most likely you will remember everything you need. Train your visual, olfactory, tactile sensations.

Of course, you often suffer from the forgetfulness of your loved one, but you should not reproach him, because the main victim of his absent-mindedness is himself. Show tolerance, even if the person seriously let you down, forgot about the necessary meeting or about the date. When he tries to Once again find the reasons for your forgetfulness, do not treat these attempts with skepticism or irony. Be a little bit in the role of his psychotherapist, help him figure out what caused his absent-mindedness in a particular case, ask leading questions. Help your close person train memory. Find appropriate techniques and exercises, work out together - such classes will be much more effective than his classes alone.

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Memory disorders: why memory becomes poor, the norm and the relationship with diseases, treatment

Memory is an important function of our central nervous system to perceive the received information and store it in some invisible “cells” of the brain in reserve in order to retrieve and use it in the future. Memory is one of the most important abilities of a person’s mental activity, therefore the slightest violation of memory burdens him, he gets out of the usual rhythm of life, suffering himself and annoying those around him.

Memory impairment is most often perceived as one of the many clinical manifestations of some kind of neuropsychic or neurological pathology, although in other cases, forgetfulness, absent-mindedness and poor memory are the only signs of a disease that no one pays attention to, believing that a person is such by nature.

The big mystery is human memory

Memory is a complex process that takes place in the central nervous system and involves the perception, accumulation, retention and reproduction of information received in different periods information time. Most of all, we think about the properties of our memory when we need to learn something new. The result of all the efforts made in the learning process depends on how someone manages to hook, hold, perceive what they see, hear or read, which is important when choosing a profession. From the point of view of biology, memory is short-term and long-term.

Information received in a glimpse or, as they say, “it flew into one ear, flew out of the other” is a short-term memory in which what is seen and heard is postponed for several minutes, but, as a rule, without meaning and content. So, the episode flashed by and disappeared. Short-term memory does not promise anything in advance, which is probably good, because otherwise a person would have to store all the information that he does not need at all.

However, with certain efforts of a person, information that has fallen into the zone of short-term memory, if you keep your eyes on it or listen and delve into it, will be transferred to long-term storage. This also happens against the will of a person, if some episodes are often repeated, have a special emotional significance, or take up different reasons separate place among other phenomena.

Assessing their memory, some people claim that they have a short-term memory, because everything is remembered, assimilated, retold in a couple of days, and then just as quickly forgotten. This often happens when preparing for exams, when information is put aside only for the purpose of reproducing it to decorate a grade book. It should be noted that in such cases, turning again to this topic, when it becomes interesting, a person can easily restore seemingly lost knowledge. It is one thing to know and forget, and another to not receive information. And here everything is simple - acquired knowledge without special efforts of a person were transformed into long-term memory departments.

Long-term memory analyzes, structures, creates volume and purposefully postpones everything for future use indefinitely. Here on long-term memory everything is holding up. Memorization mechanisms are very complex, but we are so used to them that we perceive them as natural and simple things. However, we note that for the successful implementation of the learning process, in addition to memory, it is important to have attention, that is, to be able to concentrate on the right subjects.

It is common for a person to forget past events after a while, if they do not periodically extract their knowledge in order to use them, therefore, the inability to remember something is not always to be attributed to memory impairment. Each of us has experienced the feeling when “it is spinning in the head, but it does not come to mind”, but this does not mean that serious disorders have occurred in the memory.

Why do memory lapses happen?

The causes of impaired memory and attention in adults and children may be different. If a child with congenital mental retardation immediately there are problems with learning, then he will already come to an adult state with these disorders. Children and adults can react differently to the environment: the child's psyche is more tender, so it takes stress harder. In addition, adults have long studied what the child is still trying to master.

Sadly, the tendency to use alcoholic beverages And drugs adolescents, and even young children left without parental care, has become frightening: cases of poisoning are not so rarely recorded in the reports of law enforcement agencies and medical institutions. But for the child's brain, alcohol is the strongest poison that has an extremely negative effect on memory.

True, some pathological conditions that often cause absent-mindedness and poor memory in adults are usually excluded in children (Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, osteochondrosis).

Causes of memory impairment in children

Thus, the causes of impaired memory and attention in children can be considered:

• Lack of vitamins, anemia;
• Asthenia;
• Frequent viral infections;
• Traumatic brain injury;
• stressful situations ( dysfunctional family, despotism of parents, problems in the team that the child attends);
• Poor eyesight;
• brain tumors;
• Mental disorder;
• Poisoning, alcohol and drug use;
• Congenital pathology, in which mental retardation is programmed (Down syndrome, etc.) or other (whatever) conditions (lack of vitamins or trace elements, the use of certain medicines, the change is not in better side metabolic processes), contributing to the formation of attention deficit disorder, which, as you know, does not improve memory.

Causes of problems in adults

In adults, the cause of poor memory, absent-mindedness and inability to concentrate for a long time are various diseases acquired in the course of life:

Definitely anemia. different origin, lack of trace elements, vegetative-vascular dystonia, diabetes and other numerous somatic pathologies lead to impaired memory and attention, contribute to the appearance of forgetfulness and absent-mindedness.

What are the types of memory disorders? Among them, dysmnesias (hypermnesia, hypomnesia, amnesia) are distinguished - changes in memory itself, and paramnesia - a distortion of memories, to which the patient's personal fantasies are added. By the way, some of them, on the contrary, are considered by others to be rather a phenomenal memory than its violation. True, experts may have a slightly different opinion on this matter.

Dysmnesia

Phenomenal memory or mental disorder?

Hypermnesia - with such a violation, people remember and perceive quickly, information set aside many years ago pops up in memory for no reason, “rolls”, returns to the past, which does not always cause positive emotions. A person himself does not know why he needs to keep everything in his head, however, he can reproduce some long-past events to the smallest detail. For example, old man can easily describe in detail (up to the teacher's clothes) individual lessons at school, retell the lithmontage of the pioneer collection, it is not difficult for him to recall other details related to studying at the institute, professional activity or family events.

Hypermnesia, present in healthy person in the absence of other clinical manifestations, it is not considered a disease, rather, on the contrary, this is exactly the case when they talk about phenomenal memory, although from the point of view of psychology phenomenal memory is a slightly different phenomenon. People with this phenomenon are able to memorize and reproduce huge amounts of information that is not connected with any special meaning. It can be big numbers, sets individual words, lists of items, notes. Such a memory is often possessed by great writers, musicians, mathematicians and people of other professions that require genius abilities. Meanwhile, hypermnesia in a healthy person who does not belong to the cohort of geniuses, but has a high intelligence quotient (IQ), is not such a rare occurrence.

As one of the symptoms of pathological conditions, memory impairment in the form of hypermnesia occurs:

• With paroxysmal mental disorders ah (epilepsy);
• With intoxication with psychoactive substances (psychotropic drugs, narcotic drugs);
• In the case of hypomania - a condition similar to mania, but not up to it in terms of the severity of the course. Patients may experience a surge of energy, increased vitality, and ability to work. With hypomania, a violation of memory and attention is often combined (disinhibition, instability, inability to concentrate).

It is obvious that only a specialist can understand such subtleties, distinguish between the norm and pathology. Most of us are average representatives of the human population, to whom "nothing human is alien", but at the same time they do not turn the world upside down. From time to time (not every year and not in every locality) geniuses appear, they are not always immediately noticeable, because often such individuals are considered simply eccentrics. And, finally, (perhaps not often?) among the various pathological conditions there are mental illnesses that require correction and complex treatment.

bad memory

Hypomnesia - this type is usually expressed in two words: "bad memory."

Forgetfulness, absent-mindedness and poor memory are observed with asthenic syndrome, which, in addition to memory problems, is also characterized by other symptoms:

Asthenic syndrome, as a rule, forms another pathology, for example:

• Arterial hypertension.
• Postponed traumatic brain injury (TBI).
• atherosclerotic process.
• The initial stage of schizophrenia.

The cause of impaired memory and attention according to the type of hypomnesia can be various depressive states(not counting everyone), menopausal syndrome, occurring with an adaptation disorder, organic lesions brain (severe TBI, epilepsy, tumors). IN similar situations, as a rule, in addition to hypomnesia, the symptoms listed above are also present.

"I remember here - I don't remember here"

With amnesia, not the whole memory falls out, but its individual fragments. As an example of this type of amnesia, one would like to recall the film by Alexander Gray "Gentlemen of Fortune" - "I remember here - I don't remember here."

However, not all amnesias look like in the famous motion picture, there are more serious cases when memory is lost significantly and for a long time or forever, therefore, several types of such memory impairments (amnesia) are distinguished:

1. Dissociative amnesia erases the memory of events that caused psychological trauma. severe stress causes a defensive reaction of the body, and he tries to hide situations that a person cannot survive on his own. From the depths of the unconscious, these events can only be obtained special methods(hypnosis);
2. Retrograde amnesia - a person forgets what happened before the injury (most often this happens after a TBI) - the patient came to his senses, but does not remember who he is and what happened to him;
3. Anterograde amnesia - before injury (TBI or severe traumatic situation) everything is remembered, and after the injury - a failure;
4. Fixation amnesia - poor memory for current events (a person forgets what happened today);
5. Total amnesia - all information disappears from memory, including information regarding one's own "I".

A special type of memory loss that cannot be dealt with is progressive amnesia, which is a progressive loss of memory from the present to the past. The reason for the destruction of memory in such cases is the organic atrophy of the brain, which occurs in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Such patients do not reproduce memory traces well (speech disorders), for example, they forget the names of household items that they use daily (plate, chair, clock), but at the same time they know what they are intended for (amnestic aphasia). In other cases, the patient simply does not recognize the thing (sensory aphasia) or does not know what it is for (semantic aphasia). However, one should not confuse the habits of “radical” owners to find a use for everything that is in the house, even if it is intended for completely different purposes (from a kitchen clock that has served its time in the form of a plate, you can make beautiful dish or stand).

This is what you need to figure out!

Paramnesia (distortion of memories) is also referred to as memory impairment, and among them the following types are distinguished:

• Confabulation, in which fragments of one’s own memory disappear, and their place is taken by stories invented by the patient and presented to them “in all seriousness”, since he himself believes in what he is talking about. Patients talk about their exploits, unprecedented achievements in life and work, and even sometimes about crimes.
• Pseudo-reminiscence - the replacement of one memory by another event that actually took place in the patient's life, only at a completely different time and under different circumstances (Korsakov's syndrome).
• Cryptomnesia, when patients, having received information from various sources(books, movies, stories of other people), pass it off as events he himself experienced. In a word, sick in effect pathological changes go to involuntary plagiarism, which is characteristic of delusional ideas found in organic disorders.
• Echomnesia - a person feels (quite sincerely) that this event has already happened to him (or did he see it in a dream?). Of course, such thoughts sometimes visit a healthy person, but the difference is that patients attach special significance to such phenomena (“go in cycles”), while healthy people simply quickly forget about it.
• Polympsest - this symptom exists in two variants: short-term memory lapses associated with pathological alcohol intoxication(episodes are confused last day with long past events), and the combination of two different events of the same period of time, in the end, the patient himself does not know what really happened.

As a rule, these symptoms in pathological conditions are accompanied by other clinical manifestations, therefore, having noticed signs of “déjà vu” in oneself, there is no need to rush to make a diagnosis - this happens in healthy people too.

Decreased concentration affects memory

To violations of memory and attention, the loss of the ability to focus on specific objects include the following pathological conditions:

1. Instability of attention - a person is constantly distracted, jumps from one subject to another (disinhibition syndrome in children, hypomania, hebephrenia - a mental disorder that develops as a form of schizophrenia in adolescence);
2. Rigidity (slowness of switching) from one topic to another - this symptom is very typical for epilepsy (whoever communicated with such people knows that the patient is constantly “stuck”, which makes it difficult to conduct a dialogue);
3. Insufficient concentration of attention - they say about such people: “That’s what a distracted one from Basseinaya Street!”, That is, absent-mindedness and poor memory in such cases are often perceived as features of temperament and behavior, which, in principle, often corresponds to reality.

Undoubtedly, a decrease in concentration of attention, in particular, will have a negative impact on the entire process of memorizing and storing information, that is, on the state of memory as a whole.

Children forget faster

As for children, all these gross, permanent memory impairments, characteristic of adults and, especially, the elderly, are very rarely noted in childhood. Memory problems that arise due to congenital features require correction and, with a skillful approach (as far as possible), may recede a little. There are many cases when the efforts of parents and teachers literally worked wonders for Down syndrome and other types of congenital mental retardation, but here the approach is individual and dependent on different circumstances.

Another thing is if the baby was born healthy, and the problems appeared as a result of the troubles suffered. So the child can expect a slightly different reaction to various situations:

• Amnesia in children in most cases is manifested by memory lapses in relation to individual memories of episodes that occurred during the period of clouding of consciousness associated with unpleasant events(poisoning, coma, trauma) - it is not in vain that they say that children quickly forget;
• Alcoholization adolescence also proceeds differently than in adults - the absence of memories (polympsests) for events occurring during intoxication appears already at the first stages of drunkenness, without waiting for a diagnosis (alcoholism);
• Retrograde amnesia in children, as a rule, affects a short period of time before injury or illness, and its severity is not as clear as in adults, that is, memory loss in a child can not always be noticed.

Most often, children and adolescents have a memory impairment of the type of dysmnesia, which is manifested by a weakening of the ability to remember, store (retention) and reproduce (reproduction) the information received. These types of disorders are more noticeable in children. school age because they affect school performance, adaptation in the team and behavior in everyday life.

Toddlers attending nurseries preschool institutions, symptoms of dysmnesia are problems with memorizing rhymes, songs, children cannot participate in children's matinees and holidays. Despite the fact that kindergarten the kid visits constantly, every time he comes there, he cannot find his locker on his own to change clothes, among other items (toys, clothes, towels) it is difficult for him to find his own. Dysmnestic disorders are also noticeable at home: the child cannot tell what happened in the garden, forgets the names of other children, each time he reads fairy tales he perceives as if he hears them for the first time, he does not remember the names of the main characters.

Transient disturbances of memory and attention, along with fatigue, drowsiness and all sorts of autonomic disorders, are often observed in schoolchildren with cerebrosthenic syndrome of various etiologies.

Before treatment

Before treating the symptoms of memory impairment, it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis and find out what causes the patient's problems. To do this, you need to get more information about his health:

1. What diseases does he suffer from? Perhaps it will be possible to trace the connection between the existing pathology (or transferred in the past) with the deterioration intellectual abilities;
2. Does he have a pathology that directly leads to memory impairment: dementia, cerebrovascular insufficiency, TBI (history), chronic alcoholism, drug violations?
3. Which medical preparations is the patient taking and is the memory impairment associated with the use of drugs? Some groups of pharmaceuticals, for example, benzodiazepines, among the side effects, have such disorders, which, however, are reversible.

In addition, in the process of diagnostic search, it can be very useful biochemical analysis blood to detect metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalance, deficiency of microelements and vitamins.

In most cases, when searching for the causes of memory impairment, neuroimaging methods (CT, MRI, EEG, PET, etc.) are used, which help to detect a brain tumor or hydrocephalus and, at the same time, differentiate vascular brain damage from degenerative.

The need for neuroimaging methods also arises because memory impairment at first may be the only symptom of a serious pathology. Unfortunately, the greatest difficulties in diagnosis are depressive states, forcing in other cases to prescribe a trial antidepressant treatment (to find out if there is depression or not).

Treatment and correction

The normal aging process in itself implies a slight decrease in intellectual abilities: forgetfulness appears, memorization is not so easy, concentration of attention drops, especially if the neck is “squeezed” or pressure rises, but such symptoms do not affect the quality of life and behavior in everyday life so significantly. Older people who adequately assess their age learn to remind themselves (and quickly remember) about current affairs.

In addition, many do not neglect pharmaceutical treatment to improve memory.

Now there are a number of drugs that can improve brain function and even help with tasks that require significant intellectual effort. First of all, these are nootropics (piracetam, phezam, vinpocetine, cerebrolysin, cinnarizine, etc.).

Nootropics are indicated for older people who have certain age problems which are not yet visible to others. Preparations of this group are suitable for improving memory in case of violation cerebral circulation caused by others pathological conditions brain and vascular system. By the way, many of these drugs are successfully used in pediatric practice.

However, nootropics are a symptomatic treatment, and in order to obtain the proper effect, one must strive for an etiotropic one.

As for Alzheimer's disease, tumors, mental disorders, here the approach to treatment should be very specific - depending on the pathological changes and the reasons that led to them. There is no single prescription for all cases, so there is nothing to advise patients. You just need to contact a doctor, who, perhaps, before prescribing drugs to improve memory, will send for an additional examination.

Difficult in adults and the correction of disorders of mental activity. Patients with poor memory, under the supervision of an instructor, memorize poems, solve crossword puzzles, practice solving logical tasks However, training, while bringing some success (the severity of mnestic disorders seems to have decreased), still does not give particularly significant results.

Correction of memory and attention in children, in addition to treatment with the help of various groups of pharmaceuticals, provides for classes with a psychologist, exercises for the development of memory (poems, drawings, tasks). Of course, the children's psyche is more mobile and better amenable to correction, unlike the adult psyche. Children have the prospect of progressive development, while in older people only the opposite effect progresses.

From our article you will learn how to distinguish simple forgetfulness from memory loss.

When we forget something, we always feel embarrassed. Given the high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, memory lapses look quite frightening. However, in many cases, what we take for memory impairment turns out to be ordinary forgetfulness. How to distinguish the norm from the disease? Below you will find 5 examples of physiological memory decline due to age-related changes. “If you are concerned about your condition, see a doctor. The survey will rule out possible reasons memory impairment,” says psychiatrist Harry Small, author of several books on memory and cognition.

It's Not Serious: Forgetfulness Doesn't Interrupt Daily Life

We all suffer from the fact that we forget simple things from time to time: the name of the movie, someone's name, important date, the reason why we enter the room. Such a periodic slowdown in the extraction of information from the bowels of our brain is quite normal phenomenon associated with the aging process and lifestyle.

However, when memory impairment interferes with daily life, then this is an occasion to consult a doctor. The activities we do every day require basic skills that a healthy brain never forgets. If you continue to work, cook, get dressed, do your favorite things, and read books despite being forgetful, then you are fine.

It's not serious: "brain training" improves

Currently, there are many ways to "train the brain" (computer programs, cognitive therapy, special aids), which is aimed at improving the condition of synapses and brain function. Experts believe that "brain training" does not allow you to return memory in Alzheimer's disease. However, the question of the impact of "exercise" on the brain of a healthy person remains open. “Our brain compensates for memory loss, and we can help it. If you do "exercises" and see results, it is good sign. Dementia is a disease in which the memory of new information is impaired. If you are still able to receive new information, then you are able to remember it.

It's not serious: you started to take new drug

Before panicking about memory problems, think about the changes that have taken place in your life and how they may have affected your brain. Side effects of medications often cause memory loss. Many older people take a large number of drugs at the same time, which increases the risk of drug interactions. Therefore, some doctors believe that any new symptom should be regarded as a side effect, unless proven otherwise. For drugs that affect short term memory, relate: sedatives, heartburn medications, urinary incontinence medications, statins, and antidepressants.

It's not serious: no one notices your forgetfulness

“People may notice your forgetfulness, but not tell you about it, so as not to offend you. However, in the family there will certainly be conflict situations associated with memory impairment. Such conflicts indicate the presence of a disease, in particular dementia, ”says psychiatrist Ken Robbins from the University of Wisconsin (USA). In this way, the relatives are the first to "make" the diagnosis, and often they are right. Relatives and friends are better at detecting early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease than traditional screening and high-tech testing, according to a 2010 study from the University of Washington. TO early symptoms include: repetition of the same stories or questions, social withdrawal, and disruption of daily life.

But if loved ones do not tell you about your forgetfulness, then most likely everything is fine.

This is not serious: forgetfulness appears with stress, lack of sleep and workload

Before you blame yourself, think about how much work you do. Our brain is not designed to deal with several issues at the same time. You switch attention from one issue to another, and when you are engaged in one issue, you do not pay attention to others, which leads to short-term memory loss. The task becomes even more difficult if you use the same part of the brain, for example, the speech centers for talking on the phone, reading information from the screen and typing. Another stress factor for the brain is lack of sleep, since the processing and organization of the received information occurs in a dream. And finally, stressful situations also negatively affect brain function.

People with true dementia forget, no matter how much sleep, work or stress.

If you are worried about your memory, our special project is especially for you "

Forgetfulness may appear in many people due to wrong image life. Many experts argue that if people sleep less than 6 hours a day, then they may begin to experience memory lapses.

The main causes of forgetfulness in people

• Frequent stress. The brain is overloaded quite strongly during stress, and our nervous system loses minerals and vitamins too quickly.
• organism not enough fluid. In this case, the work of the brain will deteriorate significantly, so sometimes it is better to drink a glass of clean water together with a cup of coffee or tea.
• Frequent diets for weight loss can cause forgetfulness. People who "diet" sharply and quickly reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats in the body, therefore, the brain will be in a state of shock.
• Smoking and alcohol provoke the development of forgetfulness. They can cause vasospasm, poison the brain, reduce the speed of perception, and slow down thinking processes.
• Other reasons forgetfulness: syndrome chronic fatigue, chronic intoxication, tumors, craniocerebral injuries, cerebral atherosclerosis, inflammation and infections.

distraction - a thing acquired by a person, to get rid of which, you need to make some effort. Very often this condition can appear as follows:

• boredom;
• inability to focus on a subject or topic for a long time;
• relaxation and impotence;
• disinterest;
• indifference;
• lack of concentration in thoughts and sensations.

To treat absent-mindedness, you need to know due to what factors it appeared:

1. External factors- Illness or exhaustion.
2. Internal factors- brain damage, the need for clinical treatment.

Forgetfulness and absent-mindedness - treatments and methods to improve memory

People who are prone to forgetfulness and absent-mindedness need to understand what is happening to them. need to work:

• Do not overload the brain, pause for a few minutes.
• Follow the train of thoughts, direct them in one direction.
• Stop the fussiness in your head.
• Fulfill physical exercise for body. Any movement saturates the brain with oxygen, physical exercise is an excellent tool to combat stress.
• You only need to do one thing at a time.
• Develop observation, look at other people, at the world around you.
• Practice mindfulness. Learn to focus on only one process, so you can remember more and focus at the right time.
• In any nervous situation - anxiety, stress, haste, you need to consciously say "stop", today is not the time for panic, calm your mind and you will definitely find a way out.

Also besides special training performance is affected by what you eat. Below is a list of things that will help improve your memory.

Water

Dehydration is one of the main causes of brain disorders. Human fluid is the main component for normal functioning. Try to drink 6-7 glasses of clean water a day.

Refusal of fats

Many studies have shown that fat contributes to clogged arteries. Therefore, oxygen cannot full strength saturate the brain. Avoid margarine, baked goods, trans fat oils, biscuits, etc. So you can improve your memory and also help the whole body - blood vessels, heart, brain.

Fish

Add fish to your diet. It is advisable to use it at least 3-4 times a week. Fish has a beneficial effect on the human body, improves brain activity and cleanses blood vessels.

Vitamin B

The menu should contain food rich in vitamins B6, B12, niacin, thiamine. Such components have a positive effect on human memory, improve brain performance. High level such substances are found in bananas, germinated wheat and rye.

Forgetfulness. How to deal with it? - video

Why do I forget everything, get distracted? burn, spoil food, spoil, turn off, miss, oversleep, play too much, forgetfulness

(10+)

Why do I forget everything? How not to forget? Why am I distracted all the time? What to do about forgetfulness?

Question:

I am constantly distracted, I forget about food on the stove, urgent matters, open windows, call my wife, meet the child from school, etc. I have already addressed doctors, I am training attention. Nothing helps, what should I do?

Answer:

Forgetfulness, absent-mindedness is normal

IN Lately a colossal information flow. Our head is simply not adapted to it. Our habitat during our evolution was not filled with so much information. Forgetfulness and absent-mindedness occur as a response to brain overload.

The main thing here is not to panic, but to panic. If you constantly worry, then stress will further exacerbate forgetfulness. This is exactly what happens to you. Relax. There is an exit.

Forgetfulness is our scourge

Often in everyday life we ​​need to do something that we can never forget about. For example, heat a frying pan, soldering iron or iron, cook broth, heat food, pour water into a bath, charge batteries for a trimmer, drill or screwdriver. The consequences of forgetfulness can be very different - from gloomy, but kind faces of household members, to property damage and fire. The matter is complicated by the fact that different jobs require very different time intervals. So, warming up the pan takes 3 minutes, cooking the broth - 2 hours, and charging the battery - a day.

The situation is getting worse constant stress, the advent of attention accumulators such as televisions with a large number programs, computers, the Internet, mobile phones and smartphones.

Let's remember what other things require time control. Favorite TV show. Animal feeding. Boiling soup. Cooking steps, for example, fry for three minutes for strong fire, half an hour on the weak.

The damage from forgetting on a national scale is enormous

Surely you can easily remember many cases when forgetfulness led to smoke in the apartment, scandal, peeling of the non-stick coating from the pan, and even more serious consequences. According to my estimates, forgetfulness causes material damage commensurate with 1% of the annual income of the farm.

Buy a timer

What to do? The answer is simple. We need a household timer. But not just so mechanical, turned for 5 minutes, he rang in five minutes. We need a timer on which it would be possible to set how many moments for a reminder, in different time, at different intervals, for five minutes, for an hour, for a day, for a week ahead. Such a timer as in a mobile phone, only big and flat to hang on the wall. Electronics has created a problem of information overload for us, let it help us deal with it.

These timers are commercially available. Please share your experience if anyone has used it.

Smart home systems already have such timers, and they will not only squeak in time, but will also send you SMS if you are far away.

Train yourself to constantly use the timer, even in small things. All your problems will gradually disappear over time. Tension and stress will pass. Then and own head will work better.

Be healthy and don't be nervous.

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Your mother just promised to cook rice for dinner, but she herself put buckwheat in boiling water? Father confuses road signs and afraid to drive?

Sometimes such oddities can be attributed to poor vision, but some people have a reasonable question: "Is this a symptom of Alzheimer's?"

Now dementia (dementia) can be recognized on early dates. Although there is no cure or surgery for this disease, early diagnosis is very important to improve quality of life.

How to distinguish ordinary forgetfulness from senile dementia?

If you forgot someone's name or where you put the keys, this is not a sign of illness. Concern should arise if such episodes occur frequently and relate to more serious things.

A symptom of dementia are various cognitive impairments: in addition to problems with memory, there may be impoverishment of speech, a lack of critical thinking, and also:

• repeated repetition of the same question
• loss of orientation in familiar places
• inability to follow a given direction
• disorientation in time, space and people
• neglect personal security, rules of hygiene and nutrition

Changes in behavior and personality are sometimes accompanied by memory lapses. If you're having trouble remembering, don't expect it to get worse. Check with your doctor.

What leads to dementia?

The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which causes the buildup of the toxic substance amyloid in the brain. But other diseases similar to Alzheimer's disease, but proceeding differently or with a certain set of signs, can also lead to dementia.

In vascular dementia, high blood pressure causes multiple micro-strokes that affect areas of the brain responsible for memory and behavior. This form of dementia begins more suddenly than Alzheimer's disease. The patient's condition stabilizes a little, and then worsens again after another stroke. Alzheimer's disease, on the contrary, progresses slowly (sometimes over 8-10 years).

Dementia with Lewy bodies occurs when a protein builds up in the brain cells, which looks like round red blotches under a microscope (Lewy bodies). In Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies also accumulate in the brain, but in other parts of it. Moderately severe Alzheimer's disease can cause one-time hallucinations. In dementia with Lewy bodies, hallucinations are periodically repeated, disturbances of consciousness, distraction of attention are noted. These signs are very important for making the correct diagnosis.

On the importance of early diagnosis

Early diagnosis quite often helps to significantly influence the outcome of treatment. According to statistics, in 5-10% of cases, memory impairments are curable (for example, when they are caused by thyroid dysfunction, depression, malnutrition).

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible degenerative process that can only be slowed down a little. Some patients benefit from treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, but these drugs are only effective for a short time and always at an early stage of the disease (which is why early diagnosis is so important).

Another drug used to treat moderate to severe forms of Alzheimer's disease is memantine. It blocks the action of glutamate, a substance that Negative influence on the processes of memory and thinking. Possible side effects of this medicine are dizziness and confusion. It must be taken under medical supervision.

Diagnosis of vascular dementia at an early stage of the disease allows timely control of blood pressure, prevention of microstrokes and further decline in cognitive functions. Hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies are curable, but in this case, early diagnosis of the disease is extremely important.

If the diagnosis of "Alzheimer's disease" is made at an early stage, the patient has time to finish business, make important orders, and sometimes realize some old dreams.

What to say to the doctor?

• About all mental disorders: It is important to mention not only memory lapses, but also changes in behavior, fatigue, absent-mindedness, problems in communication.
• About all accepted medications. You should tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. Take your medication instructions with you.
• About all the symptoms of the disease. Spirit and body are interconnected. Tell your doctor about what's bothering you, from head to toe. Everything can matter: an increase (even a slight one) in temperature, weight loss, loss of appetite, etc. Name any previous illnesses, bring a medical card with you.