What can be associated with a frozen pregnancy. Possible consequences of a failed abortion. Video - frozen pregnancy

18.04.2019

During the period of bearing a baby, every woman worries that the development of the fetus may stop. Unfortunately, this is sometimes the case. In about one in three cases, a missed pregnancy is diagnosed after fertilization. Signs in the first trimester may vary. It is about them that this article will tell you. You will find out what causes in the first trimester, and also find out about the methods of diagnosis and treatment.

What it is?

What does it have in the first trimester? Symptoms of the pathology will be described below. For a start, it's worth saying what it is.

Fading pregnancy is the termination of its progression. At some stage, the fetus simply stops developing, but does not undergo a reverse change. As a result, its decomposition and decay of the masses can begin. It is very dangerous.

Causes of pathology

Why does a missed pregnancy occur in the first trimester or later? Pathology can occur due to certain diseases. Infection with viruses is especially dangerous. These diseases include rubella, influenza, acute respiratory infections, toxoplasmosis and others. Often, the fetus undergoes changes that are incompatible with further development due to diseases such as chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis and so on. These pathologies are sexually transmitted. That is why one can call frequent shift sexual partners.

A variety of can lead to the fact that a missed pregnancy occurs in the first trimester. Signs of it can appear immediately or be hidden for a long time. Often, the termination of the development of the embryo occurs due to previously performed abortions, diagnostic interventions and other manipulations on the area reproductive organ... It also includes congenital or acquired pathologies of other organs and systems. An important role in this problem is played by hormonal background.

Another reason for a frozen pregnancy can be called genetic abnormalities. Often, such a fetus dies even at the most early stages... At the same time, the woman does not even have time to find out about her new position. In some cases, pathology develops due to external influence... For example, if future mom uses alcohol, drugs, or leads an inappropriate lifestyle.

Frozen pregnancy: signs in the first trimester

The most reliable symptom the fact that the fetus no longer develops is the absence of a heartbeat. It is worth noting that in the early stages this can be checked exclusively with the help of ultrasound diagnostics... For long periods of time, such a manipulation can be performed using a special sensor or a cardiotocography apparatus.

During the study, the specialist always compares the estimated time and size of the embryo. Great attention is given to the ovum. Inspection is also carried out on the area corpus luteum... A frozen pregnancy in the first trimester has the following ultrasound signs:

inconsistency in the size and timing of pregnancy;
in some cases, the embryo is completely absent;
the contraction of the heart muscle is not determined;
additional defects are installed (absence of a corpus luteum, presence of detachment, and so on).

It is worth noting that it is impossible to talk about these signs without ultrasound diagnostics. It is this method of examination that is considered the most reliable in the formulation of the described diagnosis. Consider what signs of a frozen pregnancy in the first trimester still have.

Painful sensations in the abdomen

Up to 70 percent of missed pregnancies are accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. They develop due to the fact that the body is trying to independently reject the pathological. This is the way the human self-preservation system works. Pain occurs as a result of the production of certain hormones being stopped. The uterus becomes more sensitive and begins to contract, cervical canal slightly changes its position and expands. A woman may experience unpleasant pulling sensation in the lower abdomen or feel severe cramping pains. Each situation is individual and does not depend on the gestational age.

It should be said that such sensations often arise when there is a threat of interruption. If a woman's body does not sufficiently produce certain hormones, as well as under the influence of other factors, the contraction of the genital organ may begin. This process can be reversed early on. You just need to take the appropriate medications and follow the prescription of doctors. That is why it is so important to seek help from a doctor if pain in the lower abdomen occurs at the earliest possible date and later.

Discharge from the genital tract of a different nature

What other signs of a frozen pregnancy have in the first trimester? A symptom of the development of pathology can be called vaginal discharge. During pregnancy, especially in the early stages, their number increases. This is considered the norm. However, the color of such a liquid should be clear or milky. Impurities of blood, pus and other substances are recognized as pathology. They should be the reason for immediate appeal to the doctor.

Bloody discharge may indicate that the process of rejection of the ovum has already begun. As a result, small capillaries are damaged. When the bleeding becomes violent, we can talk about a progressive spontaneous miscarriage. In the presence of purulent discharge there may be a suspicion that the fetal freeze occurred a long time ago, and the process of its decomposition has already begun. It is worth noting that, as in the previous paragraph, these signs can only indicate the threat of termination of pregnancy. The sooner you seek help from a gynecologist, the greater the chance to save the child.

Feelings in the area of the mammary glands

What other signs of a frozen pregnancy have? Symptoms of the pathology can manifest as the disappearance of the soreness and sensitivity of the mammary glands.

Under the influence of the pregnancy hormone (progesterone), the process of preparation for breastfeeding already immediately after fertilization. The mammary glands will undergo changes throughout the pregnancy. At first, the breast becomes larger, it acquires a special sensitivity. Some women even experience painful sensations... All of these signs persist for about 12 to 16 weeks. It is then that the placenta begins to work. A sharp disappearance of breast sensitivity may indicate that there has been a stop in the development of the fetus.

Toxicosis and its absence

What are the signs of a frozen pregnancy in the first trimester? A photo of the embryo is presented to your attention in the article.

Most expectant mothers are faced with toxicosis. It appears within a few weeks after fertilization and can be more or less strong. The reliable reasons for this condition still cannot be stated.

Abrupt termination severe toxicosis may indicate that the pregnancy is frozen. This symptom is indirect, but, like all of the above, requires additional diagnostics and confirmation. It is worth saying that some expectant mothers do not experience such sensations at all. They safely tolerate the first stages of pregnancy. This does not mean that there is a risk of a frozen pregnancy.

Basal body temperature

What other signs of a frozen pregnancy have in the first trimester? The causes of the pathology have already become known to you. Another symptom of the problem is a drop in high levels basal temperature... If you observed the work of your body in this way, you may notice that immediately after ovulation, the level of the thermometer readings increases. After fertilization and implantation, it can become even higher. So, the average basal temperature in expectant mothers is 37 - 37.2 degrees. If the graph line suddenly drops to 36 - 36.5 degrees, then we can talk about a frozen pregnancy.

It is worth noting that this sign can be checked only by those women who previously conducted appropriate observation. The initial measurement in most cases turns out to be unreliable, because you will have nothing to compare with.

Fever

Another sign of a frozen pregnancy is an increase in body temperature. It occurs due to the fact that the fetus in the uterus begins to decompose gradually. It is worth noting that this symptom appears with a long course of the process. This can be very dangerous for a woman.

If you have a high fever, and there are additional signs described above, then you should immediately run to the hospital, and it is better to call ambulance... The slightest delay in sepsis can lead to the death of a woman.

How to find out about a frozen pregnancy before an ultrasound scan?

If you have any suspicions, only an ultrasound scan can confirm them. Any indirect signs cannot become a reason for a diagnosis, remember this.

There are studies that can help you find out about the problem even before diagnosing it. This is a blood test. During the study, the amount of chorionic gonadotropin in your blood. The results are checked against generally accepted standards. Based on this, it can be judged whether your real time alleged. For a more accurate diagnosis, it is recommended to conduct the study several times with an interval of three or five days.

Frozen pregnancy in the first trimester: treatment

If you find out about the presence of this pathology, then it must be eliminated as soon as possible. In most cases, gynecological curettage is performed. For short periods, it is possible to use other methods of cleansing the uterus, for example, medical abortion or In some situations, when an abortion (bleeding) begins, doctors choose wait and see tactics... If within a few days a complete cleansing of the uterus does not occur, then the patient is offered cleaning. What are the consequences of a frozen pregnancy in the first trimester?

In most cases, the pathology does not affect further life and the patient's fertility. Only in especially severe cases can we talk about acquired infertility. Usually, the fairer sex is capable of new pregnancy within 3 - 6 months after the incident. Often, after the manipulation, a woman is assigned medications to correct the condition. These can be antibiotics, immunomodulators, microflora restoration agents, and so on.

Instead of an article conclusion, or a short summary

You found out what causes a missed pregnancy in the first trimester. This is very unpleasant phenomenon... It is especially difficult for those women who long time want to give birth to a baby, but they can't do anything. If the situation with a frozen pregnancy is repeated more than two times, then the weaker sex, like her partner, is shown a consultation with a hematologist and a geneticist. In such situations, it is worth starting full examination and find the reason why conception occurs, but the embryo at some stage simply stops developing. I wish you good health and success!

A woman of any age can face a problem called a frozen pregnancy. The reasons for this phenomenon are numerous factors and circumstances. Careful care of your body during conception and strict adherence to the recommendations of a leading specialist during gestation will help prevent fading.

This pathology is not so common. However, it is not so rare as to think that it can never touch you. The likelihood of a missed pregnancy compared to normal pregnancy- about 1 in 170. Therefore, it is important for a pregnant woman to monitor her condition and know well how a frozen pregnancy manifests itself in order to recognize the symptoms of this disease in time, since it is fraught with serious complications for a woman's health.

A frozen pregnancy implies an abnormal course of pregnancy, as a result of which the fetus stops developing and growing. The result of this process is intrauterine fetal death. The embryonic freezing process can occur at any stage of pregnancy, but most often it occurs in the first trimester. Freezing of the fetus causes inflammatory processes female body and complications of a different nature.

The main danger of a frozen pregnancy is that the dead fetus may begin to decompose, and a focus of infection will appear inside the body.

Of course, the woman's body is trying to reject the dead fetus. But this process is not instantaneous. This usually takes 2-2.5 weeks, after which a miscarriage occurs. However, this does not always happen, and in this case, to extract the fetus, you have to resort to medical procedures.

Statistics show that missed pregnancies occur most often in the first trimester. The most dangerous is the 8th week, during which the laying of the main organs of the embryo takes place. Also, the peaks in the likelihood of pathology are observed at 3-4, 9-11 and 16-18 weeks. The likelihood of fetal death at a later date is significantly lower. Nevertheless, a pregnancy frozen at 9 months is not an incredible event and, unfortunately, does occur.

What factors cause a missed pregnancy?

The main reasons for the fading of pregnancy include:

Diseases of viral and infectious origin in a pregnant woman
Rhesus conflict
Blood clotting disorders
Uterine pathologies, congenital or acquired
Previously performed abortions
Hormonal imbalance
Lack of nutritional balance
Eating unhealthy foods
Drug abuse
Stress
Genetic predisposition
Harmful working conditions
IVF or artificial insemination

This kind of pathology can be provoked by the presence of acute infectious diseases and bad habits... Disrupted hormonal background future mom able to disrupt the genetic background of the embryo. This is facilitated by the use of alcoholic beverages, drugs and smoking. Among the infectious diseases that contribute to the appearance of a frozen pregnancy, there may be such common household infections as influenza, acute respiratory infections, rubella. Toxoplasmosis and sexually transmitted diseases are also dangerous: chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis and others.

In a woman with identified infectious diseases such as herpes, the likelihood of pregnancy fading increases several times. If a woman wants to give birth to a strong healthy child all these reasons are eliminated before conception.

Another common circumstance in the form of a genetic abnormality accompanies the freezing of the embryo in the early stages. This is due to a genetic disorder that renders the fetus unviable. With the absolute health of both partners, the repetition of this phenomenon is excluded. However, subsequent manifestations of fetal freezing indicate a serious genetic disorder.

With freezing caused by a genetic disorder, we can talk about a lack of certain hormones involved in the process of fixing the embryo.

In some cases, there is a so-called Rh-conflict. It occurs when the fetus has a blood positive rhesus factor, and for the mother it is negative. As a result, the mother's body produces antibodies, which causes oxygen starvation fetus.

A blood clotting disorder in the mother's body can also lead to the fading of pregnancy. The consequence of this syndrome is the appearance of blood clots in the vessels of the placenta and a violation of the blood supply to the fetus.

In addition, statistics show that with in vitro fertilization, pregnancy fading occurs somewhat more often than with natural fertilization. In women giving birth after 35 years of age, pathology is also more common than in young women.

Prophylaxis

The mother-to-be should avoid the influence of all negative factors provoking the appearance of pathology. During pregnancy, it is necessary to refrain from drinking alcohol, reduce stress levels and physical activity, especially lifting weights, eat properly and in a balanced manner. Loose clothing should be worn that does not constrict lower part belly.

Symptoms

Fading of pregnancy is possible at all stages of pregnancy, but most often it occurs in the first trimester. Therefore on possible symptoms a frozen pregnancy should usually be addressed Special attention in the first months.

First of all, fading can manifest itself as severe pain in the lower abdomen. Painful sensations can be pulling or cramping. They are caused by contractions of the uterus. There is also a bloody vaginal discharge, rather than clear or milky, which is normal. This suggests that there has been a detachment of the ovum. Discharge containing pus may indicate that the pregnancy has been frozen for a long time, and the fetus is currently decomposing. In the second trimester, with a frozen pregnancy, the main symptom is the lack of movement of the embryo. In this case, further growth of the abdomen is observed. In this case development is underway intrauterine membrane with a dead embryo.

Also, one of the symptoms of pregnancy may be a decrease or absence of sensitivity and soreness of the mammary glands.

Particular attention should be paid to toxicosis, or rather, to its absence. Toxicosis in one form or another is observed in most pregnant women. If you notice a sharp disappearance of symptoms of toxicosis, then this is a reason to be wary.

Another sign is a decrease in basal temperature. However, it can only be useful if the woman constantly measures the basal temperature.

However, the signs of a frozen pregnancy cannot always be recognized at the initial stage.

Sometimes, with pathology, a strong increase in temperature can be observed. If a woman has a fever, then this may be due to the beginning of the process of decomposition of the fetus.

What to do if symptoms are found?

If you suspect you have a frozen pregnancy and see characteristic signs, then you should not delay. You must immediately consult a doctor.

When strong rise temperature, you should consult a doctor immediately! This may indicate advanced stage pathology. Delay in in this case fraught with sepsis and death!

Fading pregnancy can be diagnosed using ultrasound and laboratory analyzes blood. An examination by a gynecologist is also important, which can show if the size of the uterus has changed. An ultrasound can determine if there is a fetal heartbeat, as well as if the size of the fetus is appropriate for the gestational age. Laboratory research give information about the level of hormones, primarily chorionic gonadotropin. In some cases, it may be found that the fetus is completely absent.

The actions of doctors with a frozen pregnancy largely depend on the period at which it was discovered. There are three main approaches:

Spontaneous miscarriage. In many cases, it happens on its own due to a decrease in hormone levels. If there is a possibility that a miscarriage will occur in a few days by itself, then it is preferable to wait for it, rather than use medications.
Medical miscarriage. The method is used if the pregnancy lasts no more than 8 weeks.
Removing the fetus surgically... It consists in cleaning the uterine cavity. This operation must be performed in a hospital.

In any case, after termination of pregnancy, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. In addition, contraceptive drugs may be prescribed vitamin complexes, antibiotics, drugs that increase immunity. These measures serve to prevent the disease. Repeated repetition of such a situation indicates the need for an examination.

Fading pregnancy, as a rule, does not have very serious consequences. In most cases, with proper therapy, the next pregnancy is possible in 3-6 months. Acquired infertility after a frozen pregnancy rarely develops, only in 1 in 10 cases.

Women may experience a frozen pregnancy on different dates however, this often happens before the beginning of the twelfth week. Not in every case, doctors are able to determine the causes of this phenomenon. But it is known for sure that due to inadequate nutrition, bad habits, lack of sleep and various stressful situations, fetal freezing happens much more often.

Frozen (non-developing) pregnancy is a condition when the fetus stops growing and developing, it dies in the womb. Many pregnant women simply have no idea that this phenomenon often occurs. The baby may die in the later stages of pregnancy, but this does not happen often.

One of the reasons may be chromosomal and genetic disorder... Significant genetic disruptions lead to the fact that the fetus begins to form not as it should, after which it dies.
Also this situation repeats due to various infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis, herpes, influenza, rubella, chlamydia, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus infection and other diseases). Doctors say that the very diseases that appear in a woman during pregnancy are of great danger, and with chronic ones, such problems usually do not arise. The presence of pathologies in a child, caused by the above-described diseases, is also a frequent occurrence.
With bad habits ( smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs ), lack of sleep, poor diet, frequent stressful situations we must fight.
Hormonal disturbance, which manifests itself as an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen in women in position. If you find out in time this problem, the child can be saved with the appropriate medication.
Late pregnancy when a woman is over forty years old, and in vitro fertilization can negatively affect the development of the fetus.
There are problems in the form autoimmune disorders... Often women are faced with antiphospholipid syndrome, leading to the destruction of phospholipids in the cells of the embryo. This, in turn, leads to the destruction of the placenta and fetal freezing.

Permanent presence on the territory hazardous industries, the conditions of an unfavorable environmental situation and the use of teratogenic drugs are all factors that lead to a halt in fetal development.

When a woman is pregnant and on early date, she may not feel any special symptoms of fetal freezing. When toxicosis with nausea and vomiting passes, real relief is felt. Sometimes the body temperature rises. With the rest of the signs, nothing "supernatural." And only a doctor during the next examination is able to detect that the child's heartbeat is absent.

At a later stage, women can already feel a frozen pregnancy, which is accompanied by dull pain in the lumbar region or lower abdomen, bloody discharge from the genitals. It is also felt that the child has stopped moving.

At the slightest disturbance in well-being, women should consult a doctor as soon as possible. When the heartbeat of the embryo is not heard, the doctor immediately prescribes additional examination... There are times when good doctors may be misdiagnosed.

Listening exclusively to the subjective symptoms of fetal freezing, it is impossible to diagnose this particular problem. It happens that the belly of a pregnant woman continues to increase further, and a blood test is typical for a woman in a position.

but this phenomenon should not be associated with the fetus. The reason for this is the empty intrauterine membrane. That's what it is anembryony(not to be confused with the freezing of the embryo, since in this case the embryo is not in the uterus from the very beginning).

When the results are additional clinical examinations talk about the absence of a child's life, for several days they are carried out again. Only repeated confirmation becomes the final diagnosis, after which the pregnancy is terminated.

After the final diagnosis has been established, the dead fetus is removed from the uterus as soon as possible in order to prevent its decomposition and poisoning of the mother's body. Blood clotting may be impaired, and severe bleeding occurs.

Spontaneous miscarriages are common. But when this does not happen, the dead embryo is removed as soon as possible, because it is extremely unsafe for a woman to stay in this state. When a dead fetus is found in the uterus, blood poisoning develops for 4-5 weeks, the uterus and its appendages become inflamed. And here we will talk about the infertility of a woman and her inability to become a mother in the future.

Vacuum extraction in the hospital or inducing miscarriage with specific drugs is done when the fetus freezes in the early stages of pregnancy. At a later stage, curettage of the uterus is indispensable, in which a woman is given general anesthesia.

If happened spontaneous miscarriage, here and there they use scraping to prevent further health problems of the woman, since sometimes some parts of the dead fetus remain in the uterus.

Histological examinations of the embryo that has died are carried out to find out the reason for the fading. A man and a woman are forced to face a cytogenetic examination. Analyzes will show whether there were chromosomal abnormalities, infectious pathologies or other factors. When an infection is found, both partners are treated.

Timely removal of a dead embryo does not give negative result regarding maternal health. Often a woman after a frozen pregnancy gives birth to a healthy one, normal child, and not even one.

Can't plan next pregnancy right there when the frozen embryo was removed. The body is rehabilitated for some time (six months or a year), so that there are no problems with physical and psychological health.

During this period, it is important for a woman to establish good nutrition, forget about bad habits, use hormonal contraceptives and drink multivitamins.

Wouldn't hurt to get through psychological rehabilitation... After it, you can plan your next conception.

In cases of repeated freezing of embryos, it can be assumed that the cause of this is some kind of genetic pathology. And here you need to spend genetic testing two partners.

Didn't even hear. And not at all because it did not exist. Just earlier, any arbitrary termination of pregnancy, regardless of the cause, was called a miscarriage. Today, thanks to technological progress, with the help of ultrasound and other examinations, doctors can make a diagnosis that no one even suspected a few decades ago. A frozen pregnancy is the same case.

According to some reports, in our time, such a diagnosis is made by about 40% of pregnant women. Their pregnancy ends already, which provokes just a frozen pregnancy. It occurs when the fetus stops developing. The reasons for this phenomenon can be different - from bad habits of future parents to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Most often cause frozen pregnancy various infections, which a pregnant woman accidentally picked up (rubella, chickenpox) and hormonal disorders in the body.

It's good if a frozen pregnancy ends in a miscarriage by itself. This usually happens very early in pregnancy. Otherwise, the consequences for a woman can be extremely unpleasant. After the frozen fetus begins to collapse, causing inflammation in the uterine cavity. Therefore, when diagnosed with a frozen pregnancy, it is clearly shown medical interruption pregnancy by scraping the uterine cavity or taking medications, after which a miscarriage occurs (if the gestational age does not exceed 8 weeks).

To avoid unpleasant consequences, it is important to identify the symptoms of a frozen pregnancy as early as possible. But is it possible? Signs of a frozen pregnancy can be both pronounced and hidden. The most the right way to avoid an undesirable outcome is a regular examination by specialists and respect to your health.

What are the symptoms of a frozen pregnancy?

You know very well about: and vomiting (toxicosis), swelling of the mammary glands, high basal temperature, and so on. All these symptoms arise due to the adaptation of the woman's body to foreign body(to the fetus). And if this fruit stops developing, then, according to the logic of things, everything should fall into place. More often than not, however, this does not happen. Pregnancy freezes and its symptoms continue. And only later is their abrupt termination observed. It happens that a woman clearly feels the sudden termination of pregnancy. This should alert her and become a reason to see a doctor.

Allocations. If a frozen pregnancy has occurred already in the first three weeks after conception, then, most likely, scanty periods will appear on time, but their duration will be much longer than usual. with established pregnancy should always be the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. Even if it's a small drop of blood, don't risk it. Usually calls bleeding not a frozen pregnancy, but the threat of its termination. That is, the embryo continues to develop, and the uterus is trying in every possible way to get rid of it. It so happens that a frozen pregnancy is combined with a miscarriage. In this case, spotting discharge necessarily appears.
Pain. Most often, pulling pains in the lower abdomen indicate an incipient miscarriage, but they are not typical for a frozen pregnancy. Only in the later stages of fading can there be pains that resemble menstrual pains.
Breast. The most striking symptom of pregnancy is pain and swelling of the mammary glands. With a frozen pregnancy, these symptoms stop abruptly.
Toxicosis. If in the first trimester you were very much tormented by nausea and vomiting and suddenly they stop abruptly, consult a doctor, especially if the gestational age does not exceed 10 weeks.
Basal temperature. With a frozen pregnancy, she returns to the same levels as in the usual "non-pregnant" state. However, this is not the main symptom of pathology.

You should be more attentive to yourself if you have already happened similar situation... The threat of another frozen pregnancy is quite common.

The most dangerous is a late pregnancy. It carries not only negative physiological consequences, but also psychological ones. Symptoms of a missed pregnancy in the second trimester can also be obvious or latent.

Stomach. With a frozen pregnancy, it stops growing. The uterus does not grow in size.
Stirring. The most obvious sign of a frozen pregnancy is the cessation of fetal movements. Several days of "silence" in the stomach is an extremely dangerous situation.
Body temperature. If the fetus died a long time ago, and the woman does not suspect about it, then serious changes take place in her body. An infection develops in the uterus, which causes a sharp increase in body temperature.
Bleeding. At any stage of pregnancy, any discharge should be the reason for contacting a doctor. With a frozen pregnancy, discharge may not be observed.

However, in no case should you make your own diagnosis. Even if all the symptoms are the same, it still does not mean anything. Only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis by conducting a lot of different examinations.

Gynecological examination. By palpation, a discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the expected duration of pregnancy is detected. However, this method helps to detect a frozen pregnancy only in the second and third trimester. In the first weeks of pregnancy, the size of the uterus is not so different from the "non-pregnant" size.
Chorionic gonadotropin. Blood test for hCG level is mandatory if you suspect a frozen pregnancy. In this case, its indicators first stop at a certain level, and then decrease.
Ultrasound. With the help of this examination, a frozen pregnancy can be diagnosed at different times. The absence of a heartbeat in the fetus, the arrest of the growth of the embryo or its absence in the ovum - all this clear signs frozen pregnancy.

However, the doctor can establish the final diagnosis only by comparing all the results obtained. Try not to panic before and even after the verdict. Easy to say, but of course there is nothing worse for a mother than the loss of her baby. However, remember that after a frozen pregnancy, you have every chance of carrying a healthy baby.

Take care of yourself!

Specially for- Tanya Kivezhdiy

In medical practice, there are many cases of pregnancies when they do not end natural childbirth, but in a very sad way - a frozen pregnancy. In this article, we will address issues related to this situation and consider preventive measures to prevent it in your life.

Fading pregnancy. What it is?

A frozen pregnancy is a type of miscarriage. Such a condition is diagnosed with a complete stop of the fetal intrauterine development and his death, provided that the onset of pregnancy met all medical standards.

Fading of pregnancy is also diagnosed in the case of a successful conception (when the egg is fertilized and has time to attach to the wall of the uterus), but the complete absence of development of the embryo. This situation in medicine is called "empty fetal egg", That is, there is full formation all extraembryonic organs, and the child is not in the egg.

At what time frame does fading occur most often?

In most cases, pregnancy fading occurs in its early stages, in the first trimester. But, this pathology cannot be excluded from more late dates... Rarely, but the fetal development freezes even several weeks before the expected birth.

For the unborn child, doctors have identified some especially dangerous periods pregnancies in which the child is particularly vulnerable. First period from high risk, this is the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy, the second period is from the eighth to the eleventh week, and the third period of danger is the sixteenth and eighteenth weeks.

But, the most high level the risk of freezing of fetal development falls on the eighth week. It is during this period that the child's vital organs are formed.

Why does pregnancy freeze?

The reasons for the fading of pregnancy, that is, for stopping the development of the embryo, are noted in medicine whole line, although it happens when doctors cannot determine in a specific situation, the real reason stopping fetal development.

The most common causative factors that negatively affect pregnancy are:

Genetic disorders... For this reason, approximately seventy percent of all pregnancy fading occurs.
At about the eighth week at this violation fetal development stops. This is due to a chromosomal fetal abnormality. Almost all genetic abnormalities appear already at early stages and are incompatible with life.
Poor genetic inheritance can be transmitted from both the mother and the father, and sometimes, such an anomaly is an unsuccessful combination of parental genes. And if a woman experiences fetal freezing more than three times in a row, then here the factor of genetic disorder is definitely in the first place.
Hormonal disbalance... In turn hormonal disbalance can be of two types. The first type of hormonal disorder is a lack of progesterone in the mother's body.
Without this hormone, the embryo is not able to stay in the uterine cavity, and, accordingly, develop. The second type of hormonal disorder is an excess of androgens, male hormones.
Both kinds hormonal disorders can be identified and treated even before pregnancy.
... According to medical scientists, it is this type of pregnancy that is most at risk of fetal development fading in the first trimester.
Infectious diseases... Since the immunity of the expectant mother with the onset of pregnancy sharply loses its strength, her body remains practically without protection from various bacteria and viruses. As a rule, during this period, the infectious diseases, in which the vaginal flora is activated, and for the unborn child it comes dangerous moment, the risk of contracting an infection increases.
Rubella and cytomegalovirus can become the most harmful to a child during this period. These diseases are dangerous when a pregnant woman becomes infected with them during pregnancy.
Common flu or acute respiratory infection no less dangerous for a pregnant woman and her fetus. Insofar as the immune system during this period it works poorly, then even these diseases, as a rule, proceed in a severe form, which entails freezing of the fetus in the womb.
Moreover, the danger does not come from an infectious agent, but from the symptoms of the disease: high temperature body, signs of intoxication. These symptoms lead to disturbances in the blood flow system, the fetus begins to receive less than necessary nutrients and oxygen, hence the arrest of its development.
Sexually transmitted diseases... Such diseases include: mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, syphilis, gonorrhea.
Antiphospholipid syndrome or bleeding disorders caused by this syndrome.
Here, there are also several reasons for the freezing of fetal development. The first reason is the effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on the ovum, which interferes with the implantation of the ovum.
The second reason is a decrease in the formation of placental vessels, in connection with which there is a decrease in the functionality of the placenta itself.
And the third reason is violations in full development fetus and placenta, which, in turn, may be damage or blockage by blood clots of the uteroplacental vessels.
Wrong image life of a pregnant woman... What is included in this concept? First of all, defective and improper nutrition, an insufficient amount hiking wearing too tight clothing squeezing underwear., long sitting in front of a computer monitor.
These are the factors that can primarily affect and cause pregnancy to fade. All of them directly affect fetal development.
Then, abuse alcoholic beverages, smoking, drugs - this is simply not discussed in our century. Every pregnant woman is obliged to give up all bad habits even during pregnancy planning. Stress, heavy lifting and physical overwork can also negatively affect pregnancy.

Signs of a frozen pregnancy

A frozen pregnancy manifests itself in all three trimesters, almost the same. Its common features are:

vaginal discharge mixed with blood;
general weakness of the whole body, chills and internal tremors;
an increase in body temperature;
pulling pains lower abdomen;
abrupt cessation of toxicosis;
the cessation of the growth of the mammary glands;
testimony ultrasound examination talk about stopping the heartbeat in a child;
discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the gestational age.

But, sometimes, in different trimesters pregnancy, a frozen pregnancy manifests itself with some differences.

Signs of a frozen pregnancy in the first trimester

Often, with the onset of freezing of fetal development in the first trimester, it is characterized by a sharp decrease in basal temperature. On this basis, fetal fading is often determined at this stage of pregnancy.

And for the rest, until the beginning of placental abruption, a woman can feel all the signs of pregnancy - breast swelling, and even the uterus will still increase in size. And only after a while, bloody discharge and may appear.

Signs of a frozen pregnancy in the second trimester

In the second trimester, the only characteristic feature fading pregnancy is complete absence movement of the fetus. This symptom is added to all of the above.

Fading has occurred. What's next?

The tactics of treating fetal freezing are different, and depends on individual characteristics pregnancy and the female body. Sometimes, the doctor recommends waiting until a spontaneous miscarriage.

If the gestational age is less than eight weeks, it is recommended drug interruption pregnancy.

There are cases when it is advisable to use vacuum aspiration.

After one to two weeks, the woman is sent to, to be fully convinced that the uterus is in a clean and healthy state.

The cleaning method is selected in each a separate case individually.

But, the choice is made very quickly, since the slowdown in this case is like death. The decay products of the tissues of the dead fetus immediately begin to be absorbed into the mother's blood, which can lead not only to severe intoxication, but also to the serious condition of the woman, disrupting the functioning of the coagulation system of her blood. And one more reason for soon surgical intervention- this is possible development inflammation of the uterus.

Risk group

In medicine, certain risk groups are distinguished, into which women fall, with certain predispositions to a missed pregnancy.

These include:

women who have had earlier abortions (the more abortions, the higher the risk of a missed pregnancy);
women with a history ectopic pregnancy or stillbirth;
if the woman becomes pregnant after the age of thirty-five;
women who have anatomical features in women's reproductive system(for example, a saddle uterus, or a two-horned uterus, adhesions inside the uterine cavity, and others);
women who have diseases such as diabetes, infectious diseases of the reproductive system, diseases thyroid gland, etc;
women with impaired menstrual cycle;
women with a history of hormonal disruptions, especially in the direction of violations of the amount of progesterone.

Pregnancy after a frozen pregnancy

Medical specialists, after a case of a frozen pregnancy, recommend planning a new conception no earlier than six months later. During this period, a full-fledged treatment of the woman should be carried out and the elimination of all causes that caused the fetal development to fade, and the prevention of a new frozen pregnancy.

There is no standard for the treatment of a missed pregnancy, since the variety of causes is too wide. Any treatment and prevention of this pathology will directly depend on the cause found.

To identify the causes of a frozen pregnancy, all women are recommended to undergo the following examinations:

Hand over smears for various infectious diseases.
Take a blood test for hormone levels.
Determine the karyotype, your own and your partner, group compatibility.

If all test results are normal, treatment may not be required at all. And the cause of a frozen pregnancy will be definitely a genetic disorder. How to get pregnant after a frozen pregnancy.

A best practices prevention of this will be healthy way life and proper nutrition.