How to know if water is leaking. How to distinguish amniotic fluid? What is the danger of leakage of amniotic fluid

14.05.2019

The nature of vaginal discharge during pregnancy changes repeatedly. Under the influence of hormones and other factors, they become either transparent, or whitish, or liquid, or thick, and sometimes even normally they can be beige or brown. Of course, the expectant mother has to be a little nervous while she makes sure that this is how it should be.

But it is not without reason that doctors urge to contact them with the appearance of the slightest disturbing or incomprehensible signs. Because very often vaginal discharge during pregnancy is evidence of a leak. pathological processes requiring urgent medical attention.

Gynecologists also classify such conditions as leakage. amniotic fluid. If you notice that your underwear is systematically getting wet and moist from vaginal discharge, then in without fail should make sure that it is not leaking water.

Normally, the rupture of amniotic fluid accompanies the onset birth process. At the moment of the strongest contraction, the cervix opens, and amniotic sac bursts, after which the water immediately leaves. Sometimes this happens even before the contractions begin, and then the pregnant woman should go to the hospital immediately, without waiting for the contractions to begin.

However, it often also happens that the water begins to leak in small portions long before the due date. First of all, this suggests that the integrity of the fetal bladder is broken, which means that the sterility inside it is now under threat. The closer to childbirth this happens, the more favorable the medical prognosis will be.

Leakage of amniotic fluid threatens the development intrauterine infections able to get to the baby through the cracks formed in the bubble. If you do not notice or miss the leakage of water in time, then on later dates childbirth can begin prematurely, and in the early stages, an abortion will occur or the fetus will die in utero. In addition, there is an increased risk of poor generic detail in the event of childbirth, as well as the occurrence infectious complications at mother.

That is why it is very important to be able to recognize a leak as early as possible. And we must admit that this is not easy to do ...

How to identify water leakage during pregnancy

amniotic fluid, as a rule, does not have either a characteristic color or a specific smell by which it could be unmistakably recognized. It is completely transparent, although, nevertheless, it can have a yellowish tint, which confuses expectant mothers even more (and green in case of pathologies), and contain flakes of original lubricant.

The greatest difficulty is that the leakage occurs in small portions, and it can be very difficult for women to distinguish: is it urinary incontinence, vaginal discharge or amniotic fluid - what does water leakage look like?

There are few signs of amniotic fluid leakage. This is mainly sensation of moisture in the perineum: a woman notices that from time to time there is leakage from the vagina a certain amount of liquid, because of which the laundry becomes wet all the time, it has to be changed and used often panty liners. Discharge during leakage occurs or increases with tension of the vaginal muscles: after sneezing or coughing, prolonged laughter, when a woman stands up or picks up something heavy.

But such symptoms do not always mean that water is guaranteed to leak. Similar signs are also characteristic of urinary incontinence, which often occurs in late pregnancy. It may also be normal vaginal discharge. And therefore without additional research it is impossible to determine exactly whether water is leaking.

Amniotic fluid leak test

If there is a suspicion of leakage of amniotic fluid, then the simplest and most affordable thing that a pregnant woman can do in such a situation is to buy and spend at home a special leak test. It contains a gasket impregnated with a reagent that only reacts to substances with high level pH as in amniotic fluid. If the color of the pad changes while wearing it, you should immediately consult a doctor. detailed instructions how to conduct a leak test at home is included in each amnitest package.

Analysis for amniotic fluid leakage

More reliable result can be obtained by giving amniotic fluid leak test. To do this, you need to visit a gynecologist, and he will take a swab from the vagina. If cells contained in the amniotic fluid are found in the smear, then leakage will be confirmed.

Will ultrasound show amniotic fluid leakage?

In fear of the worst and possible consequences, pregnant women are ready to undergo any examinations to make sure that everything is in order. In this regard, many women are interested in whether they see leakage of amniotic fluid on ultrasound.

The fact that the wall of the fetal bladder, through which it is excreted amniotic fluid, not intact, not visible on ultrasound. However, the specialist, of course, diagnoses oligohydramnios, one of the reasons for which may be prolonged leakage of water. Dynamic ultrasound can confirm amniotic fluid leakage if it decreases.

How long can amniotic fluid leak?

Most often, pregnant women begin to suspect leakage in the later stages, especially when there is less and less left before the expected date of birth.

During this period, the risks of losing fetal bladder integrity increase, and the woman herself becomes more and more suspicious and worries about every occasion and even without. However, trouble can happen at an earlier date.

Water leakage in early pregnancy

This happens infrequently, and even more rarely can it be detected. This means that not even everyone is able to diagnose leakage of amniotic fluid in the early stages of pregnancy or even suspect it. experienced doctor. After all, the amount of amniotic fluid during this period is still insignificant, and vaginal discharge, as a rule, is abundant, watery and transparent. Leaking in scanty portions, the waters mix with whites and thus “hide”. Difficulties in diagnosis often lead to the fact that for this reason the pregnancy is terminated in the early stages.

In most cases, water begins to leak late in pregnancy. This significantly increases the chances of its preservation. But you still need to understand that it is impossible to stop the process somehow. If there is not much left before the expected date of birth, and the child is already ready to be born without serious consequences for his health, then doctors will most likely decide on childbirth in urgent order: stimulate or C-section. Otherwise, the mother will be admitted to the hospital for preservation and prescribed therapy that will reduce the risks of intrauterine infection of the child and help to safely wait for the period when the lungs and other vital organs of the baby mature in order to carry out early delivery.

Leakage of water during pregnancy: causes

From the very beginning of its development future baby securely protected from possible negative impacts outside world. One form of this protection is a sealed amniotic sac filled with sterile amniotic fluid. Here, in a small cozy dwelling, the crumbs are preserved and supported the necessary conditions for its favorable development.

As the baby grows, the amount of amniotic fluid increases, providing, among other things, the nutrition necessary for the baby and the environment for comfortable movement. And if the water began to leak, then this only says one thing: the integrity of the fetal bladder is broken, which, of course, should not be normal. But there may be several reasons leading to thinning of the bubble walls, ruptures and microcracks:

bad habits during pregnancy;
infectious diseases, including urinary infections transferred by the expectant mother, inflammatory processes in the vagina or uterus (most often, leakage occurs due to colpitis, endocervicitis);
some chronic diseases pregnant;
isthmic-cervical insufficiency (when the cervix is not able to hold the fetus inside the uterus properly);
carrying multiple pregnancies;
polyhydramnios;
trauma during pregnancy;
neoplasms on the uterus;
abnormalities in the structure of the uterus or pelvic bones(most often a narrow pelvis during pregnancy);
rupture of the amniotic sac prior to leakage (eg, after amniocentesis, cordocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling).

Whatever the reason for the trouble, it is always necessary to act in the same way. If amniotic fluid began to leak, then without medical supervision there is practically no chance that the pregnancy will end safely. Be sure to tell the doctor if something confuses or worries you: competent medical support will help the baby be born without any risks.

If it happened premature effusion amniotic fluid, then you need to urgently go to the hospital!

Especially for - Larisa Nezabudkina

Outflow of amniotic fluid in the first trimester is less common. If this happens, then the amniotic fluid mixes with the blood. Leakage of amniotic fluid before 22 weeks also means the beginning late miscarriage, the pregnancy can not be saved.

The later it happens, the more favorable the prognosis for the woman and the fetus. After 37 weeks, the appearance of water in the discharge means the onset of labor and is acceptable. The most dangerous and ambiguous period according to the prognosis for the fetus is from 22 to 28 weeks.

The main causes of water leakage: infections, polyhydramnios, Rh conflict, multiple pregnancy, pathology of the cervix, after amniocentesis (taking amniotic fluid for analysis), pathology of the structure of the uterus, fibroids, violations of the formation of the fetus (malformations or anomalies incompatible with life), injuries, diabetes. Can happen after physical activity or stormy intimate relationships and even during sleep.

Symptoms. In most cases, a woman notes abundant clear or whitish discharge, which intensifies and literally "flows down her legs." Their color can also be yellowish, greenish, with an admixture of blood. Possible slight discharge from the genital tract.

This is observed with a high tear of the fetal bladder or with oligohydramnios. In this case, water can be confused with vaginal discharge, or vice versa. An unpleasant putrid or purulent smell of discharge indicates the suffering of the fetus.

Contractions may also begin, or at least aching pain lower abdomen. The main symptoms are an increase liquid secretions from the genital tract at any time, appear periodically or leak constantly.

Dangerous complications: the risk of infectious lesions, uteroplacental blood flow is disturbed, which can lead to hypoxia and fetal suffering, premature birth.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid is also dangerous during full-term pregnancy, especially if the presentation of the fetus is not head presentation, but pelvic, transverse or oblique. At the same time, loops of the umbilical cord, arms or legs of the fetus may fall out along with the waters, which endangers the life of the child.

Condition diagnostics include: examination, vaginal smear, amniotest (vaginal pH, normally it should be acidic, and when water leaks, the pH shifts to alkaline environment), fetal ultrasound. Additionally, control can be assigned in a hospital (monitoring the secretions on the lining - a sterile diaper, which must be used instead of pads).

Up to 22 weeks tactics obstetrician-gynecologist unequivocal - an abortion is performed. After this period it is possible various options: prolongation of pregnancy (if the period is up to 34 weeks, tocolytic therapy is carried out aimed at removing the tone of the uterus), stimulation of contractions at a gestational age closer to 37 weeks and later, emergency caesarean section - is performed when water leaks after 22 weeks with signs of fetal suffering, the presence uterine bleeding.

Prevention: timely treatment genital infections; strengthening immunity and limiting contact with sick people; timely detection and correction of ICI, Rhesus conflict, polyhydramnios; a pregnant woman should protect herself from injuries, physical exertion.

Read more in our article about water leakage during pregnancy, their dangers and the actions of a gynecologist.

Read in this article

Causes of water leakage during pregnancy

Outflow of amniotic fluid in the first trimester is less common. If this happens, then the amniotic fluid, which at this time is still produced in a small amount, mixes with blood and it is not possible to isolate it separately.

Leakage of amniotic fluid before 22 weeks also means the onset of a late miscarriage, while the pregnancy cannot be saved. The release of amniotic fluid after 22 weeks is a harbinger of premature or urgent (after 37 weeks) childbirth.

It is not always possible to determine the cause of premature rupture of amniotic fluid (PIOV) - before the onset of labor. The main factors are:

Infections. In 90% of cases it is the cause of PIOV. Both recently transferred sexual infections and diseases such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes (they are part of the TORCH infection complex) play a role. Inflammation occurs membranes(with localization of pathogens in the vagina) or intrauterine infection fetus (if pathogens circulate in the blood), which leads to premature outflow of water and termination of pregnancy.
Polyhydramnios. An increased amount of amniotic fluid compared to the norm at any time creates extra pressure on the neck, which can lead to water leakage. Therefore, it is important to detect pathology in a timely manner and treat it.
Rhesus conflict. With the incompatibility of the blood of the fetus and mother for Rh antigens, the woman's body tries to "get rid" of an alien and dangerous agent for him. As a result, an abortion occurs, which can begin with leakage of water.
Multiple pregnancy. The pressure of two babies on the cervix is higher, which can cause the development of isthmic- cervical insufficiency(ICN). In this case, the cervix "opens", the fetal bladder prolapses into the cervical canal and vagina. Any load or just a vertical position leads to rupture of the shells and leakage of water. It is important to detect signs of CI in time and carry out the necessary treatment.

Multiple pregnancy

Pathology of the cervix. Many diseases can lead to the formation of CI. For example, previously transferred conization or high amputation of the cervix (removal of part), including for malignant diseases. As well as breaks after childbirth, other injuries. At the same time, the cervix does not perform the main function - the closure, and the fetal membranes freely descend into the vagina and rupture on their own.
After amniocentesis. It is believed that the risk of water leakage after this procedure is minimal, but it exists. The first three days after the manipulation are especially dangerous, during which a therapeutic and protective regimen is recommended.
Anomaly in the structure of the uterus. Multiple fibroids, the presence of a septum in the cavity, developmental anomalies (for example, bicornuity, saddle shape) lead to an increase in the tone of the uterus as the period increases. This provokes an abortion, which often begins with the outpouring of water.
Fetal pathology. Multiple malformations or life-threatening fetal anomalies can also cause PIOV. In this case, nature independently "carries out natural selection" and terminates the doomed pregnancy.
Injuries. Any physical impact, direct or indirect, on the abdominal area can also cause water leakage, as well as bleeding.
. Decompensated forms lead to changes in the metabolism of women and fetuses. Often this is accompanied by polyhydramnios.

Problem symptoms

Determining water leakage during pregnancy is not always easy. In most cases, a woman notes abundant clear or whitish discharge, which intensifies and literally "flows down her legs." Their color can also be yellowish, greenish, with an admixture of blood - if the pregnancy has a complicated course.

In addition, slight discharge from the genital tract is possible. This is observed with a high tear of the fetal bladder or with oligohydramnios. In this case, water can be confused with vaginal discharge or vice versa.

Amniotic fluid does not have a specific aroma. Allow a slight sour smell. An unpleasant putrid or purulent testifies to the suffering of the fetus.

Together with leaking water, a woman may begin or at least aching pain in the lower abdomen. Sometimes before they start, it takes from several hours to a day or two. The outflow of amniotic fluid can occur both after physical exertion or stormy intimate relationships, and against the background of general calm and well-being, for example, during a night's sleep.

The main symptoms of amniotic fluid leakage during pregnancy are as follows:

an increase in liquid secretions from the genital tract at any time;
they appear intermittently or leak constantly.

Expert opinion

If in any doubt, you should consult a doctor, as premature rupture of amniotic fluid poses a threat to the mother and fetus. And to figure out whether it is water or vaginal discharge is only possible for a specialist, and sometimes only one examination is not enough - dynamic observation, ultrasound, and special tests are necessary.

What threatens water leakage

The outpouring of amniotic fluid before 22 weeks is the first sign of a miscarriage, while the pregnancy cannot be saved, and the embryo is not viable. The later the leakage of water occurs, the more favorable the prognosis for the woman and the fetus. After 37, the appearance of water in the discharge means the beginning of labor and is acceptable.

The most dangerous and ambiguous period according to the prognosis for the fetus is from 22 to 28 weeks. The fetus is not yet mature enough, there is a high risk of death, including intrauterine death, as well as in the first week or month after birth.

Also, water leakage is dangerous with the following complications:

the risk of infectious complications - in women with PIOV, chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the membranes and placenta), congenital pneumonia and other inflammatory complications in the newborn are more often recorded;
uteroplacental blood flow is disturbed - the longer the fetus is in conditions of water leakage, the higher the risk of developing its hypoxia and suffering;
risk - the outflow of water leads to a decrease in the internal volume of the uterus and its contraction, which often turns into spontaneous labor activity, which cannot be stopped with modern drugs.

Expert opinion

Daria Shirochina (obstetrician-gynecologist)

Diagnostics of the expectant mother

To confirm the fact of near-noon water leakage, the following studies are carried out:

Inspection. During a vaginal examination, the doctor notes the opening and softening of the cervix. When viewed in the mirrors in the vagina, a clear liquid is visualized, which leaks from cervical canal. With a high tear of the fetal bladder, examination is usually not enough, since the release of water can be single and not abundant, and the cervix is not structurally changed.
Vaginal smear. Vaginal discharge is applied thin layer on a glass slide. When viewed under magnification, in the case of the presence of water, the symptom of “fern” is determined - the dried liquid forms a pattern like the leaves of this plant.
Amniotest. These are special tests that determine vaginal pH. Normally, it should be acidic, and when water leaks, the pH shifts to an alkaline environment.
Fetal ultrasound. When water leaks, an ultrasound examination reveals oligohydramnios.

Expert opinion

Daria Shirochina (obstetrician-gynecologist)

To confirm the leakage of water, if the doctor has doubts, the woman is invited to control the discharge on the lining in the hospital - a sterile diaper that must be used instead of pads.

Table. How to distinguish water from other secretions

Criterion	Water	Allocations with a pessary	Discharge during inflammation	Mucus plug
Quantity	Usually a lot		Enough daily panty liners for personal hygiene	Not plentiful
Color	Transparent, but may be bloody, green or yellow	Most often white or yellowish	Depending on the cause of inflammation - from transparent (with vaginosis) to yellow, white, cheesy	Transparent, there may be blotches of streaks of blood, whiter than the vagina
Smell	Usually not, with inflammation, an unpleasant putrefactive	Sour, often unpleasant	It can be "fishy" - with vaginosis, purulent, putrefactive - with other types of inflammation	Doesn't have
Consistency	watery	Creamy	dense	How egg white or thicker
Appearance time	Suddenly	After 2-3 weeks after insertion No pattern Before delivery, including premature pessary	No regularity	Before childbirth, including pre- belt
Do they pass	Only at high bubble burst	After removal of the pessary and sanitation	After treatment	Before childbirth, they no longer go away, they may decrease slightly

What will the doctor do in the third trimester

If up to 22 weeks the tactics of an obstetrician-gynecologist are unambiguous - an abortion is performed, then after this period various options are possible. The following is possible:

Prolongation of pregnancy. If the period is up to 34 weeks, tocolytic therapy is carried out, aimed at removing the tone of the uterus. At this time, it is necessary to perform the prevention of the syndrome respiratory disorders fetal hormones in order to reduce the chance of impaired lung function after birth.
If a woman's amniotic fluid stops leaking, and an increase in their number is noticeable by ultrasound and there are no fetal sufferings, inflammatory changes in the tests, prolongation of pregnancy even for several weeks is possible. One day of the fetus's life is equal to 7 days of its stay in intensive care, so it is important to carry the pregnancy as long as possible.

Stimulation of contractions. With a gestational age closer to 37 weeks and later, provided that the cervix is mature and ready for childbirth, it is possible to administer drugs (for example, oxytocin or prostaglandins) to start labor.
Emergency caesarean section. It is performed with water leakage after 22 weeks with signs of fetal suffering, the presence of uterine bleeding.

Prevention of water leakage

The outpouring of amniotic fluid is easier to prevent than to deal with the consequences. However, not always the leakage of amniotic fluid in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy can not always be predicted. Prevention of this complication includes the following:

timely treatment of genital infections;
strengthening immunity and limiting contact with sick people;
timely detection and correction of ICI, Rhesus conflict, polyhydramnios;
a pregnant woman should protect herself from injuries, physical exertion.

In most cases, water leakage can be avoided by regularly following all the advice and recommendations of a doctor in antenatal clinic. If you suspect PIOV, you should immediately seek medical help at any time.

Useful video

For the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and resolution of the situation with amniotic fluid leakage, see this video:

There is no need to remind that amniotic fluid is a vital, natural environment for active growth and development of the unborn child. The waters contain fetal cells, metabolic products and biologically active ingredients such as hormones.

Therefore, the amount of fluid, the biochemical composition have certain parameters, the shift of which in one direction or another is fraught not only with complications, but is a danger to the viability of the unborn baby.

Causes of untimely discharge of water

Normally, the outflow of amniotic fluid occurs during physiological labor after 38-39 weeks of pregnancy. As the cervix opens and contractions intensify, the membranes of the fetal bladder break and some of the water comes out.

However, in some situations, leakage during pregnancy occurs either earlier due date, or later.

If signs of rupture of the membranes appear before the onset of labor, then this is called early or premature discharge of amniotic fluid.

The reasons for this can be as pathological changes the membranes themselves, the cervix, polyhydramnios, anatomical features pregnant, and fetal pathology:

large sizes;
hydrocephalus;
wrong position in the uterus.

Sometimes the gap does not occur in the lower pole of the bubble, but on the side. In this case, the leakage of water occurs slowly. Signs of pathology do not appear immediately. You can diagnose this condition by conducting a special examination.

Diagnosis of early rupture of amniotic fluid

Like any diagnostic measures, the examination procedure includes several stages:

Questioning a pregnant woman about a watery discharge or an increase in its amount. We should not forget that by 38-39 weeks the amount of physiological secretions increases. Some have more, some have less. Moreover, the enlarged uterus puts pressure on bladder and any minimal exercise can provoke the release of urine.
Examination of a pregnant woman on a gynecological chair.
The amount of fluid in the uterus can be assessed using ultrasound diagnostics.
If it is possible to collect the discharge, then tests are carried out for the presence of hairs and epithelial scales in them.
In doubtful cases, amnioscopy is used - examination of the presenting part of the fetus. This is an informative, but difficult research method, carried out using a special apparatus - an amnioscope, which allows you to assess the quantity and quality of amniotic fluid.

How can a future mother determine the leakage of water?

How to tell if it is amniotic fluid leakage or discharge? Certainly, optimal way dot the i's, there will be a visit to the gynecologist.

However, in life there are situations when it is not possible to urgently get expert advice and conduct the necessary tests in the doctor's chair. In this case, in order not to waste precious time, it is recommended to take into account following tips and recommendations:

The life of the fetus is impossible without amniotic fluid.
Normal amniotic fluid is a colorless and clear liquid. Their color changes in case of infection - they become cloudy, greenish or yellow.
Simple home test to determine the nature of leakage (water, urine, mucous discharge from the genitals). After the toilet of the genitals, you need to lie down on white sheet. The perineal area should be dry. If after 15–25 minutes wet colorless spots appear on it, then it is highly likely that this is water leakage during pregnancy. If during the experiment a yellowish liquid with a typical odor is obtained, then this is most likely urine. Vaginal discharge is usually thicker and whitish. It is advisable not to be alone at this time, but to invite someone from your loved ones.
The same experiment can help to conduct sanitary pads.
Pharmacies have special gaskets, allowing, in right time, distinguish early discharge of amniotic fluid from urine leakage.

What to do in this situation?

It is important to notice the leakage of water in time. This situation is fraught with serious complications:

infection of the fetus and the mother's body with the development of endometritis, inflammation of the membranes;
premature birth;
the weakness of the ancestral forces.

At the slightest suspicion of signs of water leakage, a pregnant woman must, without wasting time, appear to a gynecologist for examination and laboratory tests. This is an occasion for emergency treatment in the inpatient department.

The final decision regarding the further management of pregnancy and the timing of delivery is made by the doctor, depending on the time left before delivery and the readiness of the mother's body for childbirth.

When a woman's body is not ready for childbirth

If everything happens before 35 weeks, then all efforts are directed to maintaining the pregnancy. A woman is hospitalized in a hospital, prescribed a strict bed rest and special drugs that block uterine contractions.

Before childbirth

With a period exceeding 36–39 weeks, it all depends on the condition of the woman. If it's about problem pregnancy and the risk of complications is high, then, given the age of the fetus, sufficient for life outside the mother's womb, the issue of caesarean section is being decided.

In other cases, the woman in labor and the fetus are observed, in the conditions of preparation and provision of physiological childbirth.

Prevention

It is recommended to exclude sexual contact 2 months before the expected due date. If a woman is at risk, then for a period of 38–39 weeks it is better to go to the pregnancy pathology department for control and observation.

IN home first aid kit better to have a special pharmacy test, which allows you to know at any time what fluid is excreted from the body - urine or water.

During pregnancy in mother's womb The fetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid, which is commonly called amniotic fluid. They have importance in relation to the development of the fetus, therefore, their outflow during normal occurs only in certain period tribal activity.

If the waters begin to recede prematurely, this threatens with premature resolution and becomes serious factor risk. You need to understand the dangers similar situations for woman and baby. The question of how to understand that the waters have broken should be studied by every expectant mother.

Symptoms of loss of amniotic fluid

Many women, even at the beginning of their term, are interested in how to understand that the waters have broken. The physiology of a woman is arranged in such a way that during III trimester Pregnancy discharge is more abundant, and this is the absolute norm. It is necessary to identify the nature of such manifestations, which should be done by the gynecologist leading the pregnancy. But future mom for the sake of her own safety and the health of the baby, she must be able to determine what has begun premature passage liquids. It is important to know and understand what is happening in the body: leakage of amniotic fluid or discharge.

The main symptoms that can make you wary lie in the following factors:

The outpouring of fluid increases with a change in position and movement.
If there has been a significant rupture of the fetal bladder, the fluid begins to flow down the legs. A woman, even with the effort of her genital muscles, cannot stop the flow.
If the damage to the bladder is microscopic, the leakage is determined solely with the help of a smear in the antenatal clinic or special tests.

External differences

It is possible to distinguish two conditions - leakage of amniotic fluid or discharge - by appearance formations on underwear or hygiene products. The waters have transparent color(sometimes with a pinkish, greenish, brownish tint), are a little unclear. The discharge may have a thicker consistency and a white, yellowish-white, brownish tint. Amniotic fluid, which is far from transparent, should also alert the expectant mother.

Special home check tests

To understand what is really happening (leakage of amniotic fluid or discharge), tests that are specially designed to test women at home will help. The most effective are two research methods, the essence of which is as follows:

Before checking, you must go to the toilet, wash intimate area, pat dry with a towel. After that, it is recommended to lie down on a clean, dry sheet or diaper. If stains appear on the surface of the fabric after twenty minutes, there is a high probability of premature outflow. The reliability of this technique is about 80%.
The possibility of loss allow you to determine special accessories. Gaskets for the outpouring of amniotic fluid can be purchased at a pharmacy for an average of 300 rubles.

Special testing tools

Some pharmaceutical companies produce special pads for amniotic fluid leakage. According to external characteristics, this is a completely standard hygienic package. The main difference is that each product contains special reagents. They help to reliably determine even the smallest fraction of the outpouring.

The test is quite simple: the product is attached to the underwear and left for 12 hours. The reagents react exclusively with amniotic fluid and stain the pad aquamarine. The study allows you to distinguish the presence of discharge from the main problem. The hygiene bag simply won't change color.

At the first signs of outflow, you should immediately contact a gynecologist, because such a condition can threaten the health of the fetus and mother. It is also better to consult a doctor if a woman is concerned about any suspicions. Only a specialist will help remove unnecessary fears and reliably establish whether a woman has leakage of amniotic fluid or discharge, which are a sign of the healthy functioning of the body. In any case, you need to carefully listen to your condition.

How to recognize amniotic fluid leakage with a high level of confidence?

Professional methods of examination give high efficiency. During a medical examination, a more detailed diagnosis is carried out. By manipulating a special tool - a gynecological speculum - the obstetrician examines the cervix. It is likely that the woman will have to specifically push. If at this moment it starts copious excretion fluid, the amniotic sac may be damaged, and the doctor determines how the amniotic fluid is leaking. Depending on the results of the study, further tactics of action are built.

Additional manipulations

The medical test for amniotic fluid leakage is to determine the pH level of the vagina. If the environment is normal, high acidity will be detected. With the loss of amniotic fluid, it becomes slightly alkaline or neutral. Similar method also allows you to determine the presence of various infectious diseases.

Often the obstetrician performs cytological examination- This is a special test for amniotic fluid. The substance to be separated is applied to the glass. After drying, it is determined what it is: water or physiological secretions. At the 40th week of the term, the technique is not used

If the doctors justified their suspicions, at the end ultrasound procedure to determine the exact amount of amniotic fluid. If their volume is less than normal, oligohydramnios is diagnosed.

Risk factors

Infectious lesions of the genital tract that occurred even before the onset of pregnancy or in the early stages.
Malformations of the uterus (mostly congenital).
cervical insufficiency. The cervix is poorly closed and cannot cope with the pressure from the growing fetus.
Polyhydramnios. The diagnosis is made after an ultrasound examination.
Chorionic biopsy, cordocentesis, amniocentesis. Genetic disorders.
Mechanical injury received while waiting for the baby.
Insufficient pressing of the presenting part of the fetus. Most often seen in women with narrow pelvis and in the presence of anomalies of its development.
Multiple pregnancy.

What is a norm?

A healthy pregnancy and childbirth implies the following sequence of events: when the 38th, 39th, 40th week of pregnancy comes, it can begin at any time generic activity. When one of the contractions proceeds, the bubble in which the amniotic fluid is enclosed breaks, and they come out in one stream. If this does not happen, the obstetrician performs a forced puncture, which is called an amniotomy.

Classification

Depending on the time when the outflow occurs, and on how the amniotic fluid leaks, the following classification has been developed:

Timely. Starts at the end of the first birth period at full or almost full disclosure necks.
Premature. When it's 39, before the onset of stable labor.
Early. Leakage during labor but before cervical dilatation.
belated. Occurs thanks to high density fruit membranes. The effusion begins in the second birth period.
High rupture of shells. Occurs at a level above the cervical os.

IN ideal outpouring must be precisely timely. But in terms of full-term pregnancy, the period of which exceeds 37 weeks, any option may be favorable if, as a result, normal labor activity develops. Similar state considered dangerous if the period is less than 37 weeks.

Why is leakage dangerous?

In order to understand all the consequences that threaten premature rupture, it is necessary to understand the functions that amniotic fluid carries:

barrier to infection. Infection through the mother's genitals can get to the child in a vertical way.
Prevention of compression of the umbilical cord. The waters help create a free flow of blood to the baby.
mechanical function. The fetus receives protection from negative external influences such as bumps or falls. Conditions are created for the free movement of the baby.
biologically active environment. There is a constant exchange and secretion of chemicals between mother and baby.

In the event of the development of disorders, all functions suffer, but the most dangerous complication intrauterine infection becomes, because leakage occurs due to loss of integrity of the membranes. As a result, the tightness of the medium is lost, protection from external influences is lost, and sterility is violated. Viruses, bacteria, fungi can penetrate the fetus.

If a leak is found...

If the effusion occurs during this can cause infection of the fetus various infections who, without barriers, can overcome all defenses. As soon as the obstetrician makes sure that there is leakage, the woman goes to ultrasound diagnostics. This study helps determine the degree of maturity of the baby in the womb. If the kidneys and respiratory system the fetus is ready for full-fledged functioning outside the uterus, is carried out. This prevents infection of the child with an infection.

If the fetus is not ready for independent life, measures are taken to prolong the pregnancy - doctors will expect the fetus to be ready for childbirth. The therapy is as follows:

Prescribing antibacterial drugs. This will help prevent intrauterine infection.
Strict bed rest. Rest and a stable position facilitate the therapy.
Permanent monitoring of the health and condition of the child, as every day is considered important. The baby has every chance to grow to a viable state in the mother's womb. An assessment of its blood flow, perturbation is carried out.
Mother passes laboratory research body temperature is measured.
If there are no signs of infection, continue expectant tactics. Can be prepared respiratory tract child to independent functioning, for which they can be assigned hormonal preparations. It is not dangerous, all activities are aimed at maintaining the health of the mother and child.

Instead of a conclusion

Premature leakage of water can be prevented if a woman, in the presence of risk factors, carries out appropriate prevention. For example, timely treatment of cervical insufficiency is implemented, when a suture can be applied to the cervix, a special one is introduced. In some cases, preservation therapy, sanitation of the genital tract and other potential infectious foci (pyelonephritis, caries, tonsillitis) are carried out. The most favorable prognosis is formed with effusion in full-term pregnancy. but future mother do not panic, it is advisable to remain calm and follow all the instructions of the doctor.

During the nine months of waiting for a child, the expectant mother may face many problems and unpleasant conditions. Fortunately, most women safely carry and give birth to a baby. However, experts note serious pathology pregnancy, which is a common cause premature birth. We are talking about the leakage of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. This complication is diagnosed in 10% of women, and often in those who felt quite normal before. In such a situation, it is very important to recognize the symptoms of water leakage during pregnancy in a timely manner and immediately consult a doctor. Consider how to determine the leakage of water during pregnancy, why it occurs and why it is dangerous.

Why do water leak during pregnancy?

Amniotic fluid (amniotic fluid) is produced by the amnion, the innermost layer of the amniotic sac, forming a closed hermetic cavity. The chorion, or outer shell, is characterized by a denser structure and protects the amnion from damage.

Amniotic fluid protects the fetus from being squeezed by the strong muscles of the uterus, as well as from shock when the woman turns or falls. In addition, amniotic fluid is involved in the nutrition of the child. It is also important that sterile amniotic fluid prevents the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms to the child.

There are many reasons for amniotic fluid leakage during pregnancy. Here are the most common ones:

Neck failure. This pathology is observed in 20-25% of women on recent months pregnancy. In such a situation, the fetal bladder protrudes, making it very vulnerable;
Genital infections. With these diseases, the woman's cervix rapidly matures, as a result of which enzymes are released that exfoliate the placenta and soften the fetal membrane;
The narrow pelvis of a woman and the wrong presentation of the fetus. As a rule, in this case, the leakage of water appears in the first stage of childbirth;
Multiple pregnancy and some anomalies in the development of the uterus (the presence of a uterine septum, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, a shortened uterus);
Chronic diseases such as dystrophy, anemia, connective tissue diseases;
Bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
Illiterate application invasive methods prenatal diagnosis.

How to determine the leakage of water during pregnancy?

It is very difficult to notice the first signs of water leakage during pregnancy in the early stages. Often they are mistaken for urinary incontinence, sometimes droplets of amniotic fluid are mixed with vaginal secretions and also go unnoticed. In order not to miss the first alarm signals, you can use white panty liners. A wet spot without color and odor often indicates the beginning of water leakage.

It is difficult not to notice the symptoms of water leakage during late pregnancy. The closer to the date of birth, the more fluid is poured out. So, 2-3 weeks before the expected start of the birth process, about 500 ml of a liquid that has a peculiar smell can be released.

Some women use a simple method to determine the presence or absence of water leakage. You need to go to the toilet in a small way, then wash yourself and dry yourself well with a towel. Then you need to lie down for 15-20 minutes on a dry sheet. If, as a result, wet spots appear on it, leakage of amniotic fluid can be assumed.

Also in pharmacies you can buy special pads that react to amniotic fluid. The most exact method determination of water leakage during pregnancy at home is a special pharmacy test Amnishua. Its principle of action is based on the determination of PAGM-1 (placental alpha-1-microglobulin), which is present only in the amniotic fluid, starting from early dates pregnancy. Sensitivity this test is 98.9%, and the duration of the entire determination procedure takes no more than 5 minutes.

Danger of leakage of amniotic fluid

As mentioned above, amniotic fluid performs protective function. Therefore, if water leaks during pregnancy, there is a risk of developing the following pathologies:

Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion;
Placental abruption and uterine bleeding;
Oxygen deficiency and suffocation of the fetus, often this leads to ischemic encephalitis in a child;
Violations of the process of childbirth (excessive or insufficient activity);
At premature baby respiratory distress syndrome may occur.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology

Diagnosis of water leakage during pregnancy includes several methods that are used depending on the situation. We can distinguish the most commonly used methods of determination:

Gynecological examination. During the examination, the doctor asks the woman to cough, after which he visually establishes the presence of water;
Test with drugs based on nitrazine;
A smear for the determination of amniotic fluid;
IGFBP-1 test;
Amniocentesis with dye injection.

The method of managing a patient with this pathology depends on the gestational age. If the pregnancy is less than 37 weeks, they try to keep it as long as possible. For this, the patient is placed in a hospital, where they carry out the necessary therapy. If the condition of the fetus or woman worsens, emergency delivery is practiced. 5 out of 5 (1 vote)