Preparations 

Formula-fed diet. The correct diet and diet of a child on artificial feeding. Rules for the preparation of milk formula and feeding

It is not in vain that nature laid down the wise principle of breastfeeding - together with mother's milk, the baby receives not only all the microelements necessary for proper growth and development, but also the first communication skills, emotions, learns to trust and love. However, what to do if the newly-made mother does not have milk or doctors forbade breastfeeding for health reasons?

Artificial feeding of the newborn comes to the rescue. How to choose the right mix how much to eat a baby, how to create emotional connection while bottle feeding? Read the answers to these and many other questions below.


From this article you will learn:

By definition, artificial feeding is a type of nutrition for a child in which breast milk in the diet less than 20% or not at all. Doctors do not recommend it - in mother's milk there are many essential substances that are not in cow's milk, from which most mixtures are made.

In addition, caring mothers often overfeed their children, which creates a certain risk of obesity, and this is impossible when breastfeeding. Even complementary foods are introduced to artificial babies earlier in order to somehow make up for the lack of certain substances.

Of course, artificial feeding of the baby has its advantages: not only the mother, but also the rest of the family can feed the child. You can easily control how much you eat pain or allergy problems - you can eat whatever you want. But if your decision to stop breastfeeding is due to one of the following reasons, it is worth considering:

  • It seems to you that the child is gaining little weight - if the doctor does not give any recommendations on this matter, then everything is in order;
  • It seems to you that there is not enough milk - the same thing;
  • You go to school or work - if breastfeeding is not at all possible, practice at least mixed feeding;
  • You just don't want to - maybe it's worth a little patience for the sake of your child's physical and mental health?

The objective reasons for refusing HB are:

  • lack of milk;
  • refusal of the child from the breast;
  • difficult childbirth, after which it is necessary to restore strength;
  • infectious diseases of the mother;
  • medical indications;
  • the birth of twins or triplets.

If this is your case, don't panic and don't blame yourself. Modern conditions artificial feeding crumbs are optimal and can minimize the consequences for the child, but this will require some effort.

The first step - choose a mixture

First, and most importantly, do not use regular cow's milk and other dairy products instead of formula. They are completely unsuitable for a newborn and can cause a bunch of problems. Set them aside for at least eight months of age.

When choosing a mixture, be sure to read all the information written on the package. Usually it contains information about the composition, the age of the children for whom it is intended, the recommended method of preparation and the expiration date. Please note that the packaging must not be damaged or opened.

Pediatricians usually use the following classification of products:

  • adapted;
  • partially adapted;
  • physiological;
  • medical.

This means the following:

  • Adapted variations are recommended for use from the first days of life. They are as close to natural as possible and adapted to the needs of babies - hence the name. Partially adapted mixtures can be called "transitional". They are used from 12 months, and in their composition they are already slightly moving away from breast milk towards ordinary food.
  • Physiological mixtures are only suitable for completely healthy children from a year old and cost an order of magnitude less than the previous ones.
  • Therapeutic analogues should not be used without consulting a doctor.

Another more well-known classification is classification according to the age of the child. It has 3 categories, and it is very easy to determine whether the mixture belongs to one of them - the number on the package will tell you.

Number 1 corresponds to a sweep that can be used from the first days of life, 2 - for children from the age of six months, 3 - for children from one year old.

How is it possible to artificially feed a newborn?

In the same way as with GV, there are two options: on demand and on a schedule . You can feed your baby on demand for the first time until a comfortable diet is established for him. But in no case do not overfeed - in this case, underfeeding is even safer, because the baby will not get an upset stomach.

If you want to stick to the exact schedule from the first days of life, feed your baby every 3-3.5 hours 6-7 times a day. Monthly baby you need no more than 90 gr. sweep at a time. In the first week required amount food is calculated as follows: the age of the child in days is multiplied by 10. Thus, a baby who is 4 days old needs 40 grams of the mixture at a time.

after a week calculated differently: The baby's weight is divided by 5 and then by the number of feedings. That is, if a child weighs 4000, he needs 800 grams of formula per day, which corresponds to about 120 grams of formula at a time.

There is another way to calculate the required amount of food - use the recommended calorie table, which is given below. All information about the content of calories, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the mixture is indicated on the packaging. Remember that you can not exceed the calorie content by more than 50 kcal and the norm of proteins, fats and carbohydrates by more than 1.5 grams.

Age Energy kcal/kg Proteins g/kg Fats g/kg Carbohydrates g/kg
0-3 months 120 2,3 6,5 13
4-6 months 115 2,5 6,0 13
7-12 months 110 3,0 5,5 13

Wash your hands hot water before feeding. It is advisable to give a mixture of the same temperature each time so that the child gets used to it. Also, do not save what he has not eaten - throw it away immediately or store in the refrigerator (in the refrigerator, not in the door) for no more than six hours. Otherwise, the use of the product can lead to poisoning, because the product is not absolutely sterile, and microbes can begin to multiply in it.

Make sure that instead of the mixture, the child does not receive air - this will create false feeling satiety. Holding the baby in the classic position in which mothers sit with breastfeeding, tilt the bottle, making sure that there is always food in the nipple. After feeding, in order for the air to leave the ventricle, hold the baby in an upright position for several minutes.

In no case do not leave a newborn alone with a bottle - at this age, contact with you is important for him, this will lay the foundation for his behavior for life. In addition, the baby may lose the bottle or choke. From 4-5 months you can already give the baby to hold the bottle, but you must carefully monitor the feeding process:

  • You can't feed a sleeping baby.
  • It is impossible to force-feed, even if the child has not eaten the prescribed norm, but if he has not eaten with this norm, it is permissible to give another 30-50 ml if he has normal mass body.

Preparation for artificial feeding of a newborn

When preparing food, follow the instructions completely and follow the dosage exactly. If you overdo it - there may be problems with digestive system, if you don’t give it - the child will be capricious, and, possibly, will bring down the regime.

If you have problems with this, take a closer look at specially packaged formulas for one feeding. However, as practice shows, for most parents, cooking comes to automatism after a month of daily practice.

Remember that the mixture is already diluted directly in the bottle, after which it is shaken, looking to see if any lumps have formed in it. There are also liquid milk analogues, with the preparation of which you do not need to bother at all. Do not forget about sterility when cooking - the measuring spoon should be clean, the water should be boiled. It is also important to comply with all product storage conditions.

  • The manifestation of allergic reactions in a child;
  • The mixture causes problems with the digestive tract;
  • The child has already left the age category for which the mixture is intended;
  • There was a need for a medicinal mixture.

The pacifier is an important detail

A lot in artificial feeding of a newborn depends on how comfortable the nipple is for him. If the hole in it is too large - the baby will choke, if it is too small - it will be very difficult for him to drink, he will slowly empty the bottle and, most likely, be nervous at the same time.

A convenient size is individual for each child, but if it is chosen correctly, one bottle is drunk in about 20 minutes, and the liquid pours out in drops, not a stream.

Bought the wrong pacifier? No problem! The size of the hole can be enlarged at home. Just use a heated needle. Now on sale you can find nipples with an indication of the recommended age for which they are intended. In general, nipples wear out fairly quickly, so be sure to buy new ones.

Hygiene rules, or how not to harm health

Naturally, when artificial feeding A newborn from a bottle must follow very strict hygiene rules, because the baby's body is still very weak and fragile. Bottles must be sterilized using a special device - a sterilizer, or in the old proven way - a water bath. Before sterilization, food remains are removed with a brush.

Particular attention should be paid to carvings and other details where food can get stuck. For a child up to a month old, it is necessary to sterilize the “dishes” after each feeding. From a month - it is enough to sterilize no more than once a week, if you rinse both the bottle and the nipple with boiling water immediately before each feeding.

It is also imperative to sterilize a new, just bought bottle. Of course, it is better not to take risks and not use unboiled water for feeding - even if it is filtered, it is better to play it safe, because the health of the baby depends on it.

Complementary foods with artificial feeding

As already mentioned, with artificial feeding, complementary foods are introduced earlier than with breastfeeding - at 4.5-5 months (against 5-6 months). This is due to the lack of some and an excess of other substances in mixtures. The indicated terms are approximate, to establish more accurate ones, a consultation with a pediatrician is necessary. Complementary foods start with tiny portions of the product, gradually increasing them.

So, on the first day, the child eats a teaspoon, and after a couple of weeks - already quite a full portion. Complementary foods are given before feeding with a mixture, usually from a spoon. The product must be crushed to a puree state, carefully making sure that there are no lumps or pieces - the child is not yet ready for their use.

In addition, you should not enter two products at the same time - it is difficult for the body, and if there is backlash, there will be problems with determining which product it is.

Emotions during artificial feeding

You can create the right atmosphere when feeding a child by adhering to a few simple rules:

  • First of all, you should feel comfortable, not feel uncomfortable, have a good and calm mood. Relax, lay back mobile phone and with it all things. Now you are a mother, and this is the main thing.
  • Choose a cozy and comfortable place to feed.
  • Take the baby in your arms, talk to him, smile, look into his eyes while feeding.
  • To add realism to the process, it is sometimes recommended to heat the milk to a temperature human body or a little more - about 37-38 degrees. If you don't have a temperature measuring device, put some of the mixture on your shoulder - the drop should be neither cold nor hot.

Remember what your child needs more love and caresses than a child on GW, so spend more time with him once again, play, massage.

It is good when other relatives help in feeding, but at first, when the newborn is still very small, the constant change of faces during feeding can cause stress. Therefore, either the mother or two people should feed him in turn.

To drink or not to drink?

Most parents are not in vain worried about the problem of supplementation - the child may really need more water than he gets with the mixture, especially in summer. It is possible to supplement the child only in very small portions, in no case before feeding, so that there is no feeling of false satiety. Use exclusively boiled water. Also, water can help if the child has constipation or a fever.

Chair for artificial feeding of the baby

The artificial child's stool is usually less frequent than the child's stool by breastfeeding, but in a newborn it should not be less than one or two times a day, otherwise you should consult a doctor. To avoid constipation, which is also often a problem for children on IV, it is recommended to do gymnastics and massage the abdomen.

In total, we can distinguish a list of basic rules for artificial feeding of a newborn:

  • Choose a quality mixture, taking into account the age and individual needs of the baby;
  • Follow the instructions exactly when preparing the mixture and do not store the finished product;
  • Watch how the baby eats;
  • Watch how much he eats;
  • Be responsible in choosing the right nipple;
  • Sterilization is the key to your child's health;
  • Soldering is a perfectly appropriate practice;
  • Take care of the correct emotional development of the baby.

Subject to these rules, losses from the lack of breast milk will be minimal, the health and immunity of the baby will be strong, and development will be fast and correct. Isn't that what makes any parent happy?

Feeding a child is a very responsible process. And it all starts with the choice of mixture. What to feed a newborn month old baby? For babies in the first half of life, it should be highly adapted, that is, as similar as possible to breast milk.

This mixture is called "initial", and the packaging will show a unity. For children older than six months, “follow-up” mixtures are intended, the composition of which meets the needs of a grown organism.

They have more protein, fats and trace elements. Packages are marked with the number "2".

If the child spit up often and more than expected, an anti-reflux mixture will help. In case of violation of the digestion of food, they will come to the rescue fermented milk mixtures, mixtures containing beneficial bacteria.

When choosing a mixture, it is advisable to consult a doctor. When buying a mixture, you need to pay attention to the expiration date and integrity of the package.

There are also mixtures that include special components that have a specific healing effect. So, if someone in the family suffers from allergies, it is advisable to start with a hypoallergenic mixture.

Specially prepared dishes

Bottles that are used for feeding must be pre-washed with a brush and sterilized. This can be done by boiling them for 5-10 minutes or using a special sterilizer. The bottle in which the mixture is diluted must be dry.

The nipple should be selected with the expectation that the mixture will flow out of it not in a trickle, but drop by drop. This will ensure active sucking, and not just swallowing the pouring mixture. What is important for the development of the maxillofacial apparatus.

Diet and routine

This is a very important point. The baby gets his food on demand. How many times should a child eat on IV? Schedule depends on age. So, a newborn eats 7 - 9 times a day, a child of 2 - 5 months - 6 - 7 times, six months old child You need to eat 5-6 times a day.

To do this, you first need to define daily volume food. How much a baby should eat depends on its weight and age. So, up to two months, a child needs a volume of food in the amount of 1 ̸ 5 of his weight, at 2 - 4 months - 1 ̸ 6, at 4 - 6 months 1 ̸ 7 of body weight, over six months - 1 ̸ 8.

For example, a child weighs 4.5 kilograms at 1 month, then he needs 900 milliliters of the mixture per day. It must be remembered that this volume should not exceed 1 liter.

To determine the amount of formula needed for one feeding, divide the daily amount by the required number of feedings. This will be 100 - 130 milliliters of the mixture.

It happens that the child eats a little less or more. A small gap is possible. Systematic overfeeding or underfeeding should not be allowed. For a child, this is fraught with obesity or malnutrition.

The bulk method described above is the simplest and most convenient to use. If necessary, or if there are problems with weight, the doctor can calculate the volume of a certain mixture for a particular child using the caloric method and taking into account the age-related need for proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

How to prepare a mixture?

Only boiled water should be used. The volume of water required for one feeding at a temperature of 50 ° C is poured into the bottle and the prescribed amount of the mixture is poured (details are indicated on the package). Everything is thoroughly shaken and mixed.

How to formula feed?

How to properly feed a child? Before feeding, make sure optimum temperature prepared mixture. To do this, drop it on your wrist (on the palmar surface). Its temperature should not be felt by the skin.

Wash your hands with soap. Get into a comfortable position. Special pillows will help with this, with the use of which you can comfortably position yourself and your child. In this case, feeding will pleasant vacation for the nursing and the source of the necessary tactile contact for the baby.

Therefore, it is better to take it in your hands. If the child is prone to excessive spitting up, it is better to hold him upright. In other cases, it is semi-vertical.

Turn the bottle upside down so that the mixture completely fills the nipple and neck, and the air rushes to the bottom. This will prevent the child from swallowing air and developing colic.

Care must be taken to ensure that the mixture from the nipple drips, and does not pour. Over time, nipples wear out and need to be replaced.

If the mixture remains

According to the rules, the mixture remaining after feeding must be poured out. But it can still be stored for a while. At room temperature one - two hours and no more than half a day in the refrigerator. Before you feed this mixture, it must be heated to an acceptable temperature.

Soldering

The artificial nutrition of the child must be supplemented with liquid - water, weak decoctions of rose hips and tea (not the usual one that we drink daily, but children's, herbal).

In the heat and in a room with dry air, the amount drunk should be increased by 50-100 ml. It is also worth monitoring the health of the child.

Formula-fed babies begin to introduce complementary foods earlier than infants. From 4 - 4.5 months they are already beginning to give vegetable puree, from 5 - porridge.

How do you know if a formula is not suitable for a baby?

Often it is not possible to pick up a mixture the first time. What will testify to this?

  • indigestion;

If, after eating, the child spits up a lot and ̸ or diarrhea or constipation begins, the mixture is not suitable. When there are violations, but they are insignificant, it can be left for a week. If during this time nothing changes, the diet must be changed;

  • allergic manifestations.

The very first sign of an allergy is a rash (dermatitis). These can be both single elements of it, and merging spots throughout the body.

More often reactions develop on mixtures based on cow's milk. You can replace them with a mixture based on protein hydroisolate and soy isolate or mixtures that are prepared on the basis of goat's milk;

  • scarce states.

The development in a child of iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition or other disease associated with a lack of certain substances requires the selection of a special mixture with a therapeutic effect.

Complete and adequate nutrition is the key to the harmonious growth and development of your baby!

Artificial feeding can be used if the mother has no milk at all or the child for some reason cannot or does not want to drink mother's milk.

A woman who does not have milk for her child should not feel guilty. Unfortunately, modern women live in such difficult environmental conditions that there are more and more cases total absence breast milk. Sometimes milk does not appear at all at the first birth (especially if they come at a very early age). young age), but comes at the second birth.

In such a situation, it would be preferable to feed the child with donor milk for at least 3 months, but why donor milk is in most cases unavailable and unacceptable.

Feed your baby a quality formula this case more useful and reliable. The main condition for artificial feeding: the mixtures that you will use should be as close as possible in composition to mother's milk(adapted mixtures up to six months).

When breastfeeding is suddenly stopped, most infants transition to formula milk relatively easily. Sometimes indigestion appears first, in this case, consult a pediatrician. The advantage of artificial feeding is, without a doubt, that both parents can feed the baby alternately. This eases the burden on the mother, especially in postpartum period. Body contact with the baby is also not affected: just like when breastfeeding, you can pull the baby to you and give him a beneficial feeling of closeness. If you also take care of eye contact with a baby, then your relationship with him will only benefit.

Now it's up to you or your partner to prepare milk formulas. Perhaps you, like many mothers, are wondering if you are feeding your baby according to his needs. Remember that your baby is very good at letting you know when he is hungry and when he is full.

Rules for artificial feeding of a child

Remember that the daily amount of food with artificial feeding should be the same as with breastfeeding, however, the feeding regimen in this case is different. Milk formulas are absorbed more slowly than mother's milk, so the intervals between feedings should be increased (approximately 3.5 hours).

It is not necessary to give the child more food than he should receive in accordance with age and body weight. So at 2 months, the volume of the mixture you drink should average about 850 ml (for some children - 650-700 ml, for others - a whole liter), gradually increase the volume of food to 1 liter.

While most babies are on about 1 liter of formula by the time they are introduced to complementary foods (4.5-5 months), some are doing well with less food. Here, as with breastfeeding, main indicator not the amount eaten per day, but the well-being of the child, his weight gain.

A formula-fed child is particularly vulnerable to diseases such as obesity and metabolic disorders, so overfeeding is real threat for his health. If the baby eats too much, then try to make the hole in the nipple smaller - perhaps the baby empties the bottle too quickly and cannot feel full during this time.

An “artificial” child must be supplemented with water or decoctions of fruits, since with artificial feeding the need for additional liquid increases.

The extra fluid helps your baby absorb formula better and relieves some intestinal problems. For example, bottle-fed babies often suffer from constipation. Especially often this happens at first when switching from breast milk to formula. Babies who have been formula fed from the very beginning absorb formula better.

Switch to complementary foods (in the form of vegetable puree or porridge) “artificial” children should be more early dates than "naturalists", however, there is also no need to rush too much. For the baby’s digestive system that has not been fully formed, especially growing on mixtures, early feeding can do a lot of damage. If the child eats the mixture normally and gains weight well, has normal level hemoglobin in the blood and does not suffer from rickets, there is no need to rush with complementary foods for up to four and a half months or even up to five.

If the child has poor appetite Start introducing complementary foods as early as four months. You can give him, for example, buckwheat porridge cooked according to this recipe: first prepare a decoction of apples (without salt and sugar) and cook very thin (liquid sour cream consistency or even thinner) porridge from ground cereals (which should be ground almost to flour). You can cook such a porridge on a vegetable broth, and on a diluted mixture. Cow's milk should not be given to a child for at least 10 months (after that, special "baby" milk can be given), but it is better to "hold on" without cow's milk for up to 1-1.5 years, especially if the child is allergic.

IN DISCUSSION OF FORTUNE FEEDING, we will touch on three main questions.

  1. How to understand a child's desires the best way fulfill their duties in feeding.
  2. What to put in a bottle.
  3. Ways to keep inventory clean and in working order.

The way a newborn is fed is as important as the quality of his food. Tune in to what the baby tells you, understand what he wants, and then the baby will eat well, develop properly and have a positive attitude towards himself and the world around him. If your baby is formula-fed, use special blend for newborns. Newborns are very sensitive to nutrition, so food should be completely suitable for them. Choose a formula that is well digested and meets all of your baby's nutritional needs. nutrients and does not disturb the delicate balance in his body.

Breast milk and standard formulas adequately meet these conditions. Other artificial blends such as partially fermented and blends for premature babies, are specialized and designed to meet the needs of infants requiring extra care.

Although modern formula feeding is convenient and safe, the formula technique is not to be sloppy. Water must be clean and disinfected, inventory must be sanitary standards and be comfortable for both the baby and the feeder. Needless to say, the mixture should be prepared in strict accordance with the instructions for use.

You can better meet your child's needs if you are attentive to your own needs. You need frequent and regular visits to the doctor and an experienced teacher or assistant to help you find situational and moral support. You have a lot to adjust to, both emotionally and physically. You will have a lot to learn, and more than once you will feel puzzled and confused. Theoretical knowledge and practice are two different things. You will be anxious, but this is normal: in this state, we perceive information better. However, if you are too worried study will go tight. Ask for help, accept help and support if they are offered, and then fulfillment parental responsibilities will be easy and joyful.

Child's nutritional relationships

Love and respect for the child are important components of the feeding process. And for him to be successful, you must know your baby and do what he needs. Your baby's relationship with you and the world around him, as well as his development, depends to a large extent on what happens during feeding. This process gives you the opportunity to get to know your baby better during the first months of his life. By your actions, you tell the baby that he is a significant person, that you respect him and are ready for anything to please him. Feeding also satisfies you, because it is very important for you to know that you can meet the needs of the child and make him happy.

V infancy Establishing a positive nutritional relationship with a child depends on the sharing of responsibility:

  • you are responsible for what you offer your child as food;
  • he is responsible for how much to eat.

Thus, for artificial feeding to be effective, you must first choose the right formula. In choosing, focus on the needs of your child, after which you just have to follow his desires. He knows how much to eat and how often. Moreover, the child himself determines the speed and duration of feeding. On the early stage Your job as a parent is to understand what your baby is telling you. Give the baby food as soon as he asks (it was at this moment that the baby is fully awake, but not overexcited), feed him smoothly and continuously, paying attention to his signals about the speed, pace and duration of feeding. In other words, do everything to make the baby happy.

Artificial nutrition: overeating in children

Unlike breastfed babies, formula-fed babies often face the problem of overeating in the early days. With some babies, this is because they drink their bottle so quickly that their natural sucking instinct is not satisfied and they cry when the bottle is taken from them. Mothers often take this to mean the baby is still hungry and give them more food. Thus, the habit of overeating quickly sets in, and the child gains a lot of weight every week. If this continues, the child quickly comes to the conclusion that there is not enough milk to satisfy the appetite. However, he is still too small to give him solid food(less than six months).

It is normal for some babies to need an extra 30 ml of milk at some feeds. However, it is necessary to pay Special attention if the child requires more than 150 ml every day and regularly gains more than 240 g per week. When my formula-fed babies start sucking too much, I use cool boiled water and pacifiers between feeds to satisfy their need to suck.

If you suspect that your child may be overeating, discuss the problem with your counselor or therapist.

Don't let

  • excessive dilution of the formula for feeding;
  • poor hygiene of the bottle leading to gastroenteritis;
  • malnutrition due to recurrent infections;
  • deficiency of iron and vitamins.

The choice of milk for artificial feeding

You can use cow or buffalo milk. Dry milk mixtures are acceptable for baby food, but this is too expensive an undertaking. Currently, milk marketed under the control of government agricultural agencies is either cow's milk or modified buffalo milk.

Preparation of liquid mixtures

There is no need to dilute fresh cow's milk to feed your baby. Some pediatricians for the first 2-3 months of feeding a newborn suggest preparing the following mixture: dilute 2 parts of milk with 1 part of water and add 1 tsp to 100 ml of the resulting solution. Sahara. If you use dry mixes available on the market (Lactogen, Milkcare, etc.), then you need to opt for the well-known trademark and you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions for preparing this product.

Milk volume required by a child per day is about 150 ml / kg of body weight and about 30 ml / kg per feeding. Of course, the number of feedings and the amount of milk consumed for different children may vary.

Feeding bottle handling

Buy at least three bottles. After each feeding, thoroughly wash the bottle and its removable parts with soap and water, using a bottle brush and a nipple brush.

After you have washed the soap bottles, take a sterilization container that can hold 3 - 4 bottles, fill it with water; put the bottles, plastic rims and nipple caps in this sterilizer, put it on the fire and bring the water to a boil. Let the sterilizer boil for 10 minutes, then put the nipples in it and let it boil for another 5 minutes. Now take it off the heat and close the lid. When the water in it has cooled, you can take out the bottle with a clean hand. Recycled bottles do not need to be washed again before use. When all three bottles have been used, the described sterilization process can be repeated. Never leave a bottle without a nipple cap.

Do not feed from a pacifier to a sleeping or lying baby.

If you put baby milk in a bottle, you must use it within 45 minutes.

Never reuse leftover milk - it favorite place bacteria breeding!

A baby is usually bottle fed six to eight times a day. If someone in the family suffers from allergies, then it is advisable to use hypoallergenic baby food. This significantly reduces the risk of developing allergies in the baby. In addition, you should opt for infant formulas (formula 1), which are closest in composition to mother's milk and do not contain additional carbohydrates in the form of sugar or starch. Initial mixtures, like breastfeeding, can be fed on demand.

From subsequent mixtures (formula 2 and 3) it is best to completely refuse. And not only because their improper preparation can cause serious health problems in a child. These milk powders contain so much extra sugar and starch that it can easily lead to overfeeding. In the body of a child, long-term fat deposits are laid, which can sometimes be very difficult for him to get rid of.

Required accessories

For formula feeding, you will need the following supplies:

  • 6 bottles;
  • 6 nipples with small holes;
  • steam sterilizer or tall pot for boiling bottles, caps and nipples;
  • bottle brush;
  • 6 clean, ironed kitchen towels(Ironing reduces the number of bacteria);
  • thermos for boiled water so that you can prepare feeding bottles on the road;
  • bottle warmer;
  • 8 gauze pads to protect your clothes.

During feeding, the child, along with the food, receives a portion of your love, attention and bodily warmth.

Formula preparation

Application baby food according to the instructions on the packaging does not cause any problems. It is only important to prepare bottles of nutrition immediately before feeding, use the reconstituted formula within an hour and do not store leftovers. So you can prevent the emergence of microorganisms dangerous to the child in the diet. In addition, bottles and nipples must be sterilized before use. To dilute the mixture, always take boiled water. Before giving a bottle to a child, check the temperature of the milk mixture - it should be approximately body temperature. By putting one drop on the inside of your wrist, you will immediately notice if the milk is too hot. In order not to heat the water every time before feeding, it is recommended to store a supply of boiled water in a clean thermos. This is practical, especially for night feedings.

When you return home, you continue to give the baby the same formula that was fed to him in the maternity hospital. If after a few days you notice that your baby is not absorbing it well, contact your pediatrician who will recommend a different milk formula.

Dry and liquid mixes. There are milk mixtures in liquid form; they do not require preparation: it is enough to pour them into a sterilized bottle. However, this product is more expensive than the powdered mix.

Heating the mixture. You can warm the formula in a water bath, in a bottle warmer, or even in microwave oven- this is not dangerous, but not always convenient: it can overheat there. Always check the temperature of the formula by placing a few drops on the back of your hand before giving it to your child to avoid burning them.

Dilute the mixture before use. Infant formula cannot be prepared for the future; it must be diluted immediately before use, otherwise it becomes favorable environment for bacterial growth. When going for a walk or preparing for the night, pour warm water into a sterile bottle, and add the powder to it at the last moment.

Is sterilization necessary? It is not necessary to sterilize the bottles. It is important to wash your hands before preparing formula, and after feeding, wash the bottle and nipple and dry them immediately.

Average rate: 6 bottles per day. Never force a child to drink the contents of the bottle if he does not want to: if he refuses, then he is full. Typically, a 1 month old baby eats about 6 meals a day and sometimes once at night. Different types mixtures are not always drunk in the same amount and are distributed differently during the day. If your baby asks for a bottle at night, it means that his body does not yet have enough reserve that would allow him to do without night feeding. As a rule, if he does not finish the contents of the bottle to the end, then the portion is large for him; if he drinks every last drop, then you can give him some more milk formula. In principle, it is better to offer more than less than what is needed. The nightly demand for a bottle will gradually shift in time and eventually move into the morning.

Bloating

To better dilute the powder with water, you often have to shake the bottle vigorously. As a result, many air bubbles form in the milk formula, which enter the baby's tummy and cause bloating. If, after shaking, let the bottle stand for a couple of minutes, then most of the bubbles will come out. After each feeding, the baby should burp. To do this, give the baby an upright position, attach it to your shoulder and lightly pat it on the back. The swallowed air will exit through the mouth and will no longer cause painful bloating or colic.

After every feeding...

After feeding, hold your baby upright to burp. If it doesn't, give him a light pat on the back. If he moves restlessly while feeding, he may feel the need to burp. Once he does this, he will feel better and continue to drink. Don't worry if a little mixture comes out when you spit up, it means he drank too much and too fast.

Attention!

Never give your child the rest of the formula that has not been drunk before.

Also remember that before one year old the child should not be left alone with the bottle: he gnaws at choking.

Breast milk is the optimal nutrition for a one-month-old baby and older. Together with this product, the baby can receive the most important and useful material, as well as initial communication skills and, of course, motherly love.

However, due to certain circumstances, some mothers cannot breastfeed, and the newborn is transferred to an alternative diet.

Artificial feeding baby poses many problems for the new mother: what mixture to choose, how it should be prepared and given, how much the baby should eat in the first month of life.

Artificial feeding should not be introduced just like that, at the request of a nursing mother. Not a single high-quality mixture is able to transfer to a newborn child all the necessary substances that breast milk provides.

Experts have identified several weighty reasons when adapted nutrition for newborns is necessary and even desirable.

First of all, breast milk should be tried to be restored with the help of folk remedies and medicines that increase lactation.

Adaptive nutrition of newborns is carried out only if such drugs have not brought the required results.

Experts do not advise completely switching to artificial feeding if breast milk a woman has a let in minimum quantity. A few drops of a natural product will bring baby invaluable benefit.

Before switching to artificial feeding of newborns, every mother needs to know all the advantages and disadvantages of an adapted diet.

Quite often, newly-made parents switch to mixtures due to some far-fetched principles, thereby depriving children important vitamins and minerals.

The advantages of IW are as follows:

  • The newborn can be fed by the father and other close relatives. A woman is freed from every minute being next to the child and is now able to leave for quite a long time, without worrying that the baby will remain hungry (it is better, of course, not to linger for a long time).
  • When breastfeeding, the mother cannot always control the amount of portions, so the child sometimes remains hungry or, on the contrary, overeats, and then burps. In addition, bottle feeding allows you to track the deterioration of health, manifested by a decrease in appetite (you can see this by the volume of the remaining formula).
  • If newborns who eat mixtures begin allergic reaction, mom always has a specific "suspect". In the case of breastfeeding, a woman will have to seriously reconsider her diet and give up many foods.
  • Artificial nutrition is digested for a long time (much longer than breast milk), which is why the number of meals a child can have can be reduced.

These are the advantages of adapted feeding, however, in the opinion of many experts, the disadvantages of artificial feeding are much more significant and serious.

  • Children on IV are more likely to have colds, infectious diseases, allergic reactions during the first month of life and in early childhood. Doctors explain this phenomenon by the fact that the mixtures lack the most important antibodies that a mother should pass on to a baby along with milk.
  • The use of containers for feeding requires their regular washing and even sterilization. In case of non-compliance similar conditions the newborn may develop an intestinal disorder or other dyspeptic factor.
  • It is quite difficult for a baby on IV to digest what is not characteristic of him. gastrointestinal tract product. This is why artisans often suffer from colic due to swallowing air.
  • For long trips with a baby, mothers need to prepare and take with them a large number of items, including the dry formula itself, clean bottles, a suitable sterilizing device. That is, you have to collect a whole bag and cook food somewhere else.
  • It's not always easy to find the perfect one right away. suitable mixture for newborns, so new mothers are often forced to change different types nutrition to choose the most suitable for a particular child.
  • Adapted nutrition of children requires a certain amount of money from the mother. A balanced and complete product cannot be cheap, especially since a growing baby will need a much larger amount of formula.

Thus, there are still advantages from artificial feeding, but there are more disadvantages to such a diet. That is why it is extremely undesirable to refuse breastfeeding for the sake of one's own principles, the opinion of the media and the desire to feel "freedom" in the first months of a child's life.

Pediatrician Komarovsky, who is an indisputable authority among many mothers, is convinced that breast milk is indispensable product despite the latest scientific and technological advances.

Breast milk contains so many essential components (antibodies, hormonal substances, digestive enzymes) that its composition cannot be surpassed for a long time. Komarovsky never tires of repeating that under any circumstances, breast milk is preferable to formula.

Artificial feeding of a child is a problem that worries many young mothers who, due to various circumstances, are not able to breastfeed their newborn.

Komarovsky suggests focusing on 2 most important axioms:

  1. No mixture, even adapted, can completely replace breast milk.
  2. Cow's or goat's milk is not a good product for an infant, as a balanced mixture.

Komarovsky notes an interesting pattern: over the past three decades, the number of cases of food allergy or intestinal disorders in children of the first month decreased many times (by a thousand or more times), since mothers switched from animal milk to industrial mixtures.

Dr. Komarovsky convinces new mothers who cannot breastfeed that feeding babies with diluted or whole milk of a cow or goat - huge mistake. And do not listen to grandmothers who call mixtures a set of chemical reagents.

Komarovsky cites data that newborns under one year old should not be fed cow or goat milk. After 12 months and before three years the volume of this product should be minimal, and with preschool age the child can consume such milk in reasonable quantities.

These restrictions are related to high content phosphorus and calcium compounds in animal milk. Such an excess of the norm of these minerals is fraught with kidney diseases and the pathological development of the musculoskeletal system.

So, you weighed all the pros and cons and decided that the baby needs artificial feeding. It is important to observe certain principles and take into account certain conditions. Among them:

  • choice of adapted food;
  • feeding regimen and portion size;
  • baby feeding technique.

To choose high-quality products for children, you need to follow the advice of an experienced doctor. Parents are offered mixtures for full feeding healthy newborns, babies with digestive disorders, allergies and premature newborns. Let's consider them in more detail.

Adapted Blends

These products are made from cow's milk, but the volume of protein components in it is significantly reduced by the introduction of demineralized whey.

For children of the first month, you need to purchase products with primary or initial formulas. On the box with the mixture, this is indicated by the number 1, for example, "Nutrilak 1".

By 6 months, the baby should be given products with the so-called follow-up formula. They are also called less adapted mixtures. They contain more milk proteins and carbohydrate components to meet the increased energy requirements.

They differ from the previous product not in quantity, but in the quality of protein elements.

Milk protein is subjected to a special enzymatic effect, which implies bringing it to a curdled state. As a result, the mixture is close in composition to breast milk.

Due to such technological process the mixture is better digested in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn and is more quickly absorbed. Curd ingredients form the optimal intestinal microflora by introducing beneficial bacteria into the body.

Such products are indicated for feeding newborns with dysbacteriosis, stool disorder, predisposition to allergies.

Also, such artificial feeding is prescribed for a weak and premature infant.

Non-adapted mixtures

They are made from fresh or dried animal milk. The volume of protein components in their composition is significantly higher than in women's milk.

Since the main element of such products is casein, which is unnatural for newborn babies, some unsafe conditions may develop:

  • violation of the intestinal microflora;
  • digestive disorders;
  • small weight gain in an infant;
  • delayed development.

IV experts advise against giving baby under 12 months similar product. It does not meet the needs of babies and even threatens his well-being. Also, experts do not allow the use of cow or goat milk for cooking porridge.

Selection rules

If you are unable to breastfeed and it is time for an alternative product, it is best to consult a specialist for formula selection. Pediatrician knowing the features child's body, will recommend the most sparing food.

To pick up optimal product, should be considered certain nuances and the most important criteria.

When a child first meets a dairy product, you need to constantly monitor his reactions and behavior: see how alert he is, track his color skin, frequency and nature of fecal masses.

It should be understood that regardless of whether you are breastfeeding or formula-fed your baby, you need to properly serve the “dish”.

Before manufacturing, be sure to study the packaging in order to understand how to prepare the purchased mixture. The standard requirements for the preparation of dry dairy product look like this:

In some situations, you can cook several servings at once. So that the mixture does not disappear, it should be placed in the refrigerator (for a day) or in a special thermos (for up to 4 hours). Of course, if you have stored the product in the refrigerator, the mixture must be warmed up before feeding the baby.

Special heaters are sold in stores, it is also suitable for heating hot water(or tap water). Heating in the microwave is not recommended, as the product heats up too unevenly, which means that the child may be burned.

Experts distinguish two main ways to feed a newborn who is on artificial feeding: the regime by the clock and free feeding.

Clock mode

Artificial feeding must be precise. Experts often advise new mothers to adhere to the regimen, maintaining certain intervals between feedings and observing the norms in dosage.

How many times should I formula feed newborns? The number of meals per month looks like this:

  • From 0 to 3 months. You cook and feed the baby every 3 hours, at night the break is 6 hours. There are about 7 feedings per day.
  • From 3 to 6 months. After 3.5 hours during the day, at night you break for about 6 hours. That is, during the day, the baby will need to be fed 6 times.
  • From half a year. By 6 months, the artificial baby begins to be introduced to complementary feeding. At about the same age, complementary foods are also introduced to children who are breastfed. For a grown-up baby, one feeding should be changed to porridge or mashed vegetables. Now the number of meals is 5 in 4 hours, night sleep– about 8 hours.

free feeding

Human milk and artificial formula differ in composition. If a natural product does not lead to heaviness even when frequent application to the chest, then diluted milk powder is not considered a "light" dish.

However, other experts suggest to apply partially free feeding- a method characterized certain time feeding. The volume of the mixture in this case depends on the desire of the child, but is within specific limits.

You prepare and pour the mixture into a container about 25 milliliters larger, but food should be given at a strictly fixed time. This will allow you to more accurately determine the optimal portion size, necessary for the child. If he leaves the milk in the bottle, you can’t force feed.

Breastfeeding a baby is not so easy, let alone an artificial baby. In some situations, the child is not gaining weight well, in others they talk about overfeeding. That is why the mother should follow certain rules of artificial feeding.

It should not be thought that an artificial man needs less mother care than a naturalist. It seems that a father or other relative can give him a bottle, and a nipple can console him. However, experts recommend that mothers ensure the closest contact with the baby, hugging him to her, laying next to her.

Ideally, only the mother should feed a one-month-old baby. You should not entrust artificial feeding to the rest of the family. Let him suck the bottle only in his mother's arms, turning to face her. As soon as he falls asleep, the pacifier is removed from his mouth and put to bed.

How much formula does a newborn eat?

In a simplified scheme, the nutritional norms of an artificial person are as follows:

  • in the first 10 days, the daily volume of the mixture can be calculated based on the number of days of a child's life multiplied by 70 or 80 (depending on body weight, 80 if birth weight is more than 3200 g);
  • from 10 days to 60 days - the child eats up to 800 milliliters of adapted food for 7 or 8 times;
  • from 2 to 4 months - the maximum volume of milk increases to 900 milliliters (or a sixth of the baby's weight).

When should the mixture be changed?

Feeding must correspond to the characteristics of the crumbs. However, not all artificial products are suitable for children, so each mixture is given at first in a small volume and not for very long, carefully monitoring any reaction.

Experts advise changing the product in the following situations:

  • the child does not tolerate the mixture, there is a rash, redness, regurgitation, constipation or diarrhea;
  • the baby has reached certain age limits when it is required to switch to less adapted mixture(in this case, it is advised to change the product to gruel of the same brand);
  • there is a need to move to a special medical nutrition(an allergic reaction, for example), and then go back to the usual product.

The transition should be sequential, observing some nuances. Enter first New Product, mixing it with the old (two thirds of the old mixture and a third of the input). Then proportionality begins to be observed, by the end of the week the child completely switches to a previously unfamiliar product.

If the mother will feed the child with a mixture, then the pediatrician can tell her everything about artificial feeding. Specialist advice is especially valuable when choosing the first product and when replacing adaptive nutrition. Although the mixture is not capable of becoming an absolute copy of breast milk, if all the basic rules are observed, the artificial child will certainly grow up strong and healthy.

Hello, I'm Nadezhda Plotnikova. Having successfully studied at SUSU as a special psychologist, she devoted several years to working with children with developmental problems and advising parents on the upbringing of children. I apply the experience gained, among other things, in the creation of psychological articles. Of course, by no means do I pretend to be the ultimate truth, but I hope that my articles will help dear readers deal with any difficulties.

If it turns out that the mother cannot breastfeed the baby, then she has to switch to artificial feeding of the child.

As a result, she has many questions. How to organize artificial feeding? How to choose a mixture? How often should an artificial baby be fed?

Today we will talk in detail about artificial feeding and try to find answers to the most important questions about how to feed an artificial baby.

Artificial and breastfeeding

As known, breast-feeding - this is the best that a mother can give a baby - the most healthy and natural food for a child.

But there are situations when breastfeeding is completely impossible or insufficient, so artificial feeding is required.

Artificial feeding It is a forced way of feeding a child. It is recommended to use it only in cases where all attempts to organize breastfeeding have been in vain or it is contraindicated by a doctor.

Marina Shimkova, lactation consultant, lactologist, birth preparation instructor family center"ABC for parents": “I insist that initially everyone has milk. Therefore, before giving the mixture to the child, you need to try to establish lactation: contact experienced mom, lactation specialists. Often there is no such thing that there is simply no milk, everything has its own reasons that can be eliminated if you want. If it so happened that it’s not possible to breastfeed, then you have to give the baby a formula or donor breast milk.”

Artificial feeding - this is stress for the child's body, therefore, if the mother has some milk and there are no categorical contraindications to breastfeeding, it is necessary to put the baby to the breast and try to feed the baby with breast milk at least several times a day.

If your bottle-fed baby , do not take it as a tragedy, there is nothing wrong with this way of eating. Modern mixtures allow children to grow up healthy and strong. It is important to properly organize artificial feeding and adhere to the basic recommendations for feeding artificial children.

How to formula feed a baby?

On demand or not?

Breastfed babies are recommended feed on demand , especially this recommendation is relevant in the first months of a baby's life, when lactation is just being established. As for artificially fed children, earlier all doctors recommended feed them on schedule - Approximately every 3 hours. This recommendation was due to the fact that earlier formulas were of lower quality than today, they were much more satisfying than breast milk and took longer to digest.

Modern formulas are well adapted, which is why partially free feeding is now practiced.

Modern mixtures are well adapted , which is why it is now practiced partially. This method consists in the fact that the child is given the amount of food he wants, but within a certain norm. This method makes it possible to determine how much food the baby actually needs.

If the baby does not eat the recommended amount of formula in one feeding , do not force him, you can try to offer the child food later, perhaps the baby needs more frequent feeding but in small portions. With considering individual features child, the number of feedings per day may vary, but the total amount of the mixture eaten should be no more than recommended.

Thus, even with artificial feeding, it is recommended to take into account the individual needs of the child.

Artificial feeding and overeating

Baby on artificial feeding much easier to overeat than a breastfed baby. Most often this is due to the fact that you can drink the required amount of milk from a bottle much faster than suck it out of your chest, so the artificial baby does not satisfy his own. Because of this, he may cry after the bottle is taken from him. Many mothers regard the crying of the child in this situation as a signal that he has not eaten enough. Then the mother offers the baby more food. Doctors do not recommend giving the child more than 30 ml. extra food, this can lead to overeating and weight gain. excess weight. To help the child satisfy sucking reflex offer him pacifier or a bottle of water.

To solder or not?

As you know, babies of the first month of life who are on breastfeeding , do not recommend supplementing, so that the baby more often requires breasts, and the mother's lactation improves faster. Artificial babies are recommended to offer water from the first days of life. If he doesn't want to, he doesn't need to, but he should offer.

Mixture

In organizing successful artificial feeding, it is very important to choose suitable for the child mixture

In organizing successful artificial feeding is very important. It may not work out the first time. Now there is a big variety of mixtures , it is recommended to select the mixture together with the pediatrician, taking into account the needs of the child.

When preparing the formula, keep it clean, prepare the mixture for only one feeding, follow the recommendations for preparing the mixture indicated on the package.

Mix quantity for one feeding depends on the age and weight of the child. The recommended amount of formula for one feeding is usually indicated on the formula packaging.

You can determine the amount of formula your child needs by consulting a pediatrician, as well as by experience. If the baby does not have enough of the amount of the mixture that you give him, he will definitely “tell” about it.