Meaning and forms of outdoor activities in dhow. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. Working hours of support staff
ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF ACTIVE LEISURE
IN THE INSTITUTION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
An expedient motor mode contributes to the solution of the problems of physical education in kindergarten. It is based on daily physical exercises and games in various routine processes under the guidance of educators, as well as in the independent activities of children: these are classes, physical culture and health work in the daily routine, and active recreation, which includes sports leisure activities, sports activities. holidays, health days, holidays.
In the younger and middle groups, classes of a general developmental nature should prevail: cognitive practical activities, excursions, walks, modeling, applique, design, drawing. For the development of children's movement: physical education, music lessons, rhythm, game.
A special place is occupied physical education, which are planned in all age groups on holidays and monthly throughout the year.
Physical culture leisure is held 2-4 times a month for 20-30 minutes. Its content is physical exercises, which have the form fun games, fun, entertainment. Mainly frontal work with children is envisaged, but at the same time, the strength of the muscular and emotional load is ensured;
It is recommended to organize walks during hours, it is built on familiar material, it can be carried out with one group or with several people close in age. An important role is played by musical accompaniment, decoration elements, attributes.
When developing a program of physical culture leisure, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the physical development of children of this age group, the presence of surprise moments, the selection of equipment and attributes for games.
In order to make sports leisure more interesting, each educator must show his initiative and creativity - this helps to plan the variability of games, entertainment, attractions in a diverse and correct way, taking into account programs for subsequent sports activities.
All programs of physical culture leisure for all age groups are reviewed by the head and deputy head of OA. Further, their discussion is organized in the teaching staff, at which educators express critical comments and wishes, exchange experiences on the use of musical accompaniment, paraphernalia for games, making emblems, and organizing awards. However, it should be noted that the most important thing in conducting physical education activities is the skillful guidance of the educator, his creativity, mood, which affects the emotional state of children.
The purpose of active recreation is to create a joyful cheerful mood in children, to consolidate existing skills, develop physical qualities, and contribute to the education of moral and volitional qualities of a person.
The content of sports leisure consists mainly of all outdoor games and physical exercises familiar to children, updated by introducing options that are unexpected for children and arouse their interest and joyful emotions.
The load distribution is carried out evenly with a gradual increase. In the introductory part - games of medium mobility, in the main part - high mobility, relay races, in the final part - low mobility, calm nature.
Leisure activities can be different in content and composition. options:
I. Familiar games, exercises, task games, competitive character:
* general game of medium mobility for all children;
* gaming tasks of a competitive nature for subgroups or teams / 2-3 tasks /;
* great mobility game for all kids;
* game of low mobility, contributing to the removal of the load.
2. Diverse basic movements(running, jumping), sports exercises:
* throwing into the distance from a place, from a run, jumping over a short rope different ways, a long jump rope for teams;
* cycling but straight, at speed between drawn lines, snake between objects drawn along lines on the ground.
3. Are built from elements of one of the sports games(basketball, hockey):
* throwing the ball on the ground and catching it with two hands, one, hitting the ball with advancement between objects and passing it to each other in different ways, throwing and catching the ball, throwing the ball into the basket on the account;
* a game-competition of teams in basketball on the score, the height of the pole is 3 m, the length is 4 m, the diameter is 35 cm.
4. relay games. Between games, tasks are given that help relieve physical stress: who will quickly transfer an egg in a spoon, an orienteering game - where the path leads, exercises with flowers.
Options 3 and 4 for children of senior preschool age when they have mastered the elements of these games in a physical education lesson.
5. Combined variant of musical and physical culture leisure:
Various movements with objects;
Dance exercises, games that are performed to the music.
The program of each leisure option must include art word, sports-themed songs, surprise and impromptu numbers, which are prepared in secret from children.
Preparatory work for physical education:
1. Drawing up a summary.
2. Determination of the place and its design.
3. Preparation of attributes, learning games, exercises of basic movements.
The beginning can be different - building, entrance to the music, free
input and communication of tasks, use of a situation from a fairy tale, game task, game.
The numbers included in the program should be logically interconnected with each other. The performance of each task should be evaluated by the educator in the form of praise, encouragement.
In the calendar plan, the teacher lists the names of games, tasks,
if they are well acquainted, they do not disclose, but give a description of a new option, indicate the dosage, ways of organizing children when performing tasks.
Sports holidays held once a quarter, duration - in the younger group 20-30 minutes, in the middle group - 40-50 minutes, in the older group - 50-60 minutes. Physical exercises, games with elements of sports, outdoor games, sports exercises, relay races, as well as entertaining quizzes and riddles are planned.
They are organized at the site, in the hall, on the meadow, at the stadium, depending
from the natural environment, season, weather conditions.
In order not to violate the regime of life, it is necessary to organize sports holidays in the afternoon. Provided that they are held on vacation days and on Health Days - in the first half of the day.
It is allowed to combine several groups.
Options for conducting sports holidays:
1. A holiday, the purpose of which is to promote the importance of physical culture and sports, to attract children and adults to a variety of physical culture and sports activities. The following names and slogans are characteristic: "Cheerful starts", "Olympic hopes", "Volleyball Day", "Football Day", "Neptune's holiday", "We are athletes", "Relay race day".
2. Physical culture holidays dedicated to the feeling of people's work different professions. The task is to educate and respect for working people, to consolidate knowledge about different professions and labor activities. There should be a combination of traditional games and physical exercises imitating various professions: sailors on duty, who built a beautiful house. Veterans, soldiers, young workers are invited to take part in performances, competitions, sum up, congratulate and reward children.
Z. Joint holidays of children and parents: “The whole family to the start”, “ family hike”, “Mom, dad, I am a sports family.” They contribute to the involvement of children and adults in joint physical education, increase the interest of adults in the life of children.
4. Games.
5. Relay races for adults and children, in which children perform together with their parents, compete with each other.
An obligatory component of the holiday is a surprise moment.
To guide the preparation of the holiday, an organizing committee and a commission are selected, which is approved at the production meeting of the entire team, its duty is to draw up program which reflects:
- purpose, tasks, place and time of the meeting, composition of the commission, participants.
Preliminary work: distribution of duties between the music director, the head of physical education, preparation of the sports area.
Next, a holiday script is drawn up, depending on the chosen variant of the event. The final approval of the script takes place at the teachers' council, where the leader of the holiday is approved. The decoration is handled by the group responsible for the artistic design: an announcement for parents, invitations for guests, sports exhibitions and stands, posters and banners. It is recommended to use the participation of children. - the opening of the holiday begins with the solemn part - building, greeting, presentation of the jury, the opening ends with the raising of the flag or a parade of participants.
After the solemn part, it is recommended to hold demonstration performances with and without attributes: acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics. Performances can be group and individual. Physical culture numbers should alternate with the performance of songs, reading, with demonstration numbers, invited ones can also perform.
Summing up takes place during the holiday, points are set on the scoreboard. The host, the jury should take care of support, mutual respect.
At the end of the sports festival - a general summing up, presentation of commemorative medals, badges, emblems, performance of favorite songs, theater show, concert, lap of honor, lowering the flag of the competition.
In the system of measures aimed at strengthening the health, hardening and physical development of children, an important role belongs to Days of health.
On Health Day, all training sessions are canceled in all age groups, the daily routine is saturated with the active activities of children, including activities provided for by the physical education program, various movements in games, relay races, attractions, the simplest tourism in the warm season, walking, in winter skiing, walks outside the kindergarten area. When organizing Health Days, it is necessary to make the most of climatic conditions, features of the season, natural factors (forest park, bay shore, etc.). So, for children of older groups, a hiking trip is carried out in two transitions: 30-40 minutes movement in one direction, then a halt, during which, in accordance with the purpose of the trip, either active recreation is organized (games, exercises in natural conditions, games - fun, sunbathing, etc.), or acquaintance with nature, with significant events, etc. pens. The duration of ski trips in the senior group is up to 1.5 hours, the distance is 2-2.5 km (two crossings).
For children of the middle group, trips lasting 15-20 minutes one way are organized, for the second younger group - trips lasting 10-15 minutes.
When planning a trip, it is necessary to think over such issues as places of rest, equipment for children, their preparation for the route, entertainment program, surprise moments, rewarding, inviting parents, guests and their involvement in games and exercises.
Both children and parents are notified in advance about the time and program of the upcoming Health Days.
Each trip is carried out according to a pre-prepared plan-scenario, which provides for the appearance of fairy-tale characters, tea drinking in the fresh air, games, competitions. All these elements have great importance to raise the emotional tone of children and adults. It is desirable for parents to participate in the events, since they must first of all understand that such Health Days contribute to the involvement of children in sports, the promotion of physical culture and sports in the family.
Educational work on this day is aimed at creating conditions for the active recreation of children, in connection with which all classes are canceled. These forms can be thematic - "Sport is our friend!", "Spring motives", "Winter adventures". They include outdoor games familiar to children, relay races, various movements, and dances. Holidays are organized on the territory of a preschool institution, a stadium, in a forest park. The head of physical education provides organizational and methodological assistance to educators in the preparation of sports and recreation activities in the daily routine (morning gymnastics complexes, exercises after sleep, outdoor games and physical exercises for a walk) and, if necessary, is included in this activity.
Scenarios for sports holidays, health days are compiled jointly by: the head of physical education, the initiative group and the administration of the preschool institution.
Physical education with elements of tourism is hiking and skiing. It is carried out in natural conditions with the aim of realizing the motor needs of children, improving the functional state of the musculoskeletal system, increasing the endurance and resistance of the body to adverse environmental influences. The duration of hiking and skiing depends on the age, physical fitness of children, weather and time of year. A physical education lesson with elements of tourism is held once a week, starting from the senior level of preschool education from the age of 5)
I would like to emphasize that Health Days, sports leisure, sports holidays, sports activities with elements of tourism contribute not only to the physical development of children, but also to their moral education, form positive emotions, unite adults and children with common goals.
TOURIST TRIPS
During each tourist income, certain tasks are solved. Therefore, it is necessary every time to clearly develop the route, determine the places of stops, the necessary equipment, clothing (depending on the weather). The plan and route are coordinated with medical workers. On the eve of the hike, the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, invites parents to take part in the hike.
The form of organization of children during the trip depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. Most often, children go freely in the forest.
During the rest, educators check the condition of the children, their clothes.
1. The route must be carefully studied by adults.
2. Children must be accompanied by at least two adults.
3. The clothes of children in order to avoid overheating or hypothermia of the body must correspond to the season.
4. Every adult should be well aware of the contents of the first aid kit and the rules for using it in order to be able to provide first aid if necessary.
5. When crossing streets, roads, the teacher must follow the rules of the road.
6. The teacher must take into account the physical abilities of children.
RULES OF BEHAVIOR FOR CHILDREN
1. Strictly obey the teacher.
2. Do not tear plants without permission.
3. Do not leave a friend in trouble, always come to his rescue; help the weak.
4. Always keep the place of rest clean.
Every parent who has small children worries about this important question, as the mode of operation of kindergartens. Is the schedule of work in state institutions really respected? Does it differ in private organizations? What should be done if a violation is found?
The main mode of operation established at the legislative level
There is a standard mode of operation by law, which has been established by medical professionals and representatives of preschool institutions. In accordance with the charter, there are several features of staying in a children's institution:
- Parents have the right to leave the child in the kindergarten for 12 hours. In different cities, a certain time regime has been established: from 8 am to 8 pm or from 7 am to 7 pm. The exceptions are private and round-the-clock kindergartens.
- On pre-holiday days, the time regime is reduced to 10.5 hours, that is, parents can bring the child to the kindergarten at the usual time, but you need to pick it up 1.5 hours earlier.
- On weekends and kindergartens do not work.
- In some institutions, by agreement of educators and parents, there is That is, parents can leave their baby in kindergarten until 21:00. A single group for children of all ages is organized on its territory.
- There is also an abbreviated daily routine, which lasts only 3-4 hours. Usually, newcomers who need to adapt are left for such a period of time.
This whole procedure concerns only the stay of children in preschool It does not apply to kindergarten workers.
Working hours of the main staff
There is a working hours of kindergartens established for staff. For each of them, a certain load per week is provided.
For example, the work schedule of the head of the kindergarten is 40 working hours per week. This is a completely normal load. That is, such personnel must be present in the preschool institution and perform their duties five days a week (from Monday to Friday), eight hours a day (from 8.00 to 17.00). There is one hour lunch break (from 12.00 to 13.00).
In some cities, the standard mode may vary. For example, in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, the main staff of a preschool institution works from 9.00 to 16.00. The administrator of the institution and the senior teacher have the same work schedule.
Working hours of educators
The work schedule of a kindergarten teacher is slightly different, his workload should not exceed 36 hours a week. As a standard, two specialists work in preschool institutions: a worker of the first shift - from 7.00 to 14.30, and a worker of the second shift - from 14.30 to 19.00, a lunch break for preschool teachers lasts 30 minutes. As for the work schedule, educators work every day with alternating shifts.
Working hours of support staff
It is worth noting that support staff also work on the territory of the kindergarten, which makes the life of children more comfortable, interesting and colorful and provides invaluable assistance to educators. They also have a specific work schedule.
- With a load of 40 hours a week, nannies and junior caregivers work (from 8.00 to 17.00), cooks and kitchen workers (from 6.00 to 15.00).
- About 20 hours a week, the caretaker, music director, secretary, cleaner, repairman, janitor and loader should be on the territory of the garden. Typically, such personnel are on duty for 4 hours a week from 8.00 to 12.30 with a 30-minute lunch break.
- There must be a watchman on the territory of the preschool institution around the clock. It works 24 hours a day with a work schedule of a day in three. There must be a minimum of four employees.
It is worth noting that in some institutions, the availability of staff, as well as the opening hours of kindergartens, may vary slightly.
Schedule
Separately, it is worth talking about the daily routine in a preschool institution, which every parent should be familiar with.
- During the first hour of the kindergarten, children are received. The kids who have already arrived at this time are engaged in a free type of activity.
- At 8.00 breakfast is organized (as a rule, these are dairy dishes).
- From 8.30 to 9.00 there are creative activities in groups, such as drawing, modeling or dancing.
- From 9.20 to 11.20 a walk in the fresh air is provided, this time may vary, depending on weather conditions.
- From 11.45 to 12.20 children have lunch.
- From 12.45 to 15.00 there is a two-hour quiet hour.
- At 15.30 the kids go for an afternoon snack.
- From 15.25 to 16.25 group classes are provided.
- Children have free time from 16.20 to 19.00, they are all waiting for the arrival of their parents. In the summer, they walk on the street, in the winter they are in groups and play.
- Dinner is provided at 18.30.
In some preschool institutions, classes with a speech therapist, swimming, choreography and much more are included in the daily routine.
What to do if the regime is violated?
The working hours of kindergartens, established by law, must be respected. Unfortunately, not all workers in this area perform their duties qualitatively. There are the following violations that can negatively affect children and their parents:
- The teacher does not come to work on time, which is why the parent is forced to leave his child with a caretaker or wait, periodically being late for work.
- The caregiver demands to pick up his baby earlier, because he does not want to be in the institution until the end of the shift because of one child.
By law, the educator is required to start his official duties at 7.00 (or 8.00, depending on the exact schedule), that is, at this time the parent can already leave his baby in kindergarten. If the teacher is periodically late, then this fact should be recorded and a complaint addressed to the head should be written. In case of a single delay, it is recommended to speak with the teacher orally. If, through the fault of the educators, a person was late for work and received a reprimand for this, then he has the right to demand compensation from the educational institution.
As for the end of the working day, each parent has the right to leave their child in the institution until 19.00, and the teacher must work until the last baby is taken away. If the teacher does not want to fulfill his duties, then he should be reminded of what the mode of operation of the group in kindergarten is, or conduct oral conversations with him, explaining his own situation at work.
"Organization of active recreation in the preschool educational institution"
Plan
1. Introduction. Page 2.
2. Physical culture leisure. Page 4.
3. Sports holiday. Page 6.
4. Day of health. Page 9.
5. The simplest type of children's tourism. Page 10.
6. Holidays. Page 12.
7. List of used literature. Page 13.
The task of creating all the necessary conditions for children to grow up physically healthy and strong is one of the most important. Therefore, only one in which great place engages in the physical education of children.
It is known that as a result learning activities associated with prolonged maintenance of a static posture, children develop fatigue, activity and attention decrease, and perception decreases. Doing physical exercise causes active work muscles, and this, in turn, enhances blood circulation and thereby increases the intensity of the heart, activates the activity of the nervous system, increases the tone of the whole organism, and restores working capacity.
In order for children to grow up healthy and cheerful, so that conditions are created for solving the problems of their mental, moral and physical development, it is necessary to alternate work and rest, mental activities and physical exercises, games, and entertainment.
One of the forms of organization of motor activity of children is active rest in kindergarten.
Leisure in kindergarten:
§ Physical culture leisure;
§ Sports holidays;
§ Days of health;
§ Children's tourism;
§ Holidays.
These forms of work are not aimed at honing the technique of performing certain exercises, but at educating positive emotions, high motor activity of children, free and unconstrained mutual understanding.
Active recreation solves both general and particular problems. General Tasks- health, education and training. The following tasks can be classified as private:
Ø Raise the emotional mood of children;
Ø Instill in preschoolers a strong interest and need for physical education;
Ø Promote the formation of correct posture;
Ø Increase physical performance;
Ø Develop basic physical qualities;
Ø Improve the basic types of movements.
The solution of these problems is entirely aimed at educating a harmoniously developed personality.
Physical culture leisure- one of the brightest, emotional moments in the daily life of children, uniting them with fun, motor activities.
Leisure planning is carried out taking into account the level of general physical development children of this group and their motor abilities.
The physical culture leisure program is compiled in different ways: in the younger and middle groups, simple games with emotional assignments predominate: whoever brings the toys, runs up and lines up near the doll, performs fun game actions with it, etc.
In the older groups, children identify their motor skills individually and collectively - in teams in fun simple games with competition and in relay races, and in a preparatory group for school and in sports games. Older children also participate in a competition such as a small sports day. When performing physical education tasks, they show dexterity, speed, strength, endurance. Leisure activities include attractions that are interesting and accessible to children, causing a general cheerful mood; Dances and dances familiar to children can also be used.
The main task of the educator during leisure activities is to create a joyful mood in children and the opportunity to improve motor skills in a relaxed atmosphere that disposes all children to creative friendly activities.
E.Ya.Stepanenkova in the Program and guidelines for physical education in kindergarten determines the duration for physical education:
§ For 2 junior group– once a month 20 minutes;
§ For the middle group - once a month 20 minutes;
§ Senior group - once a month 25 - 30 minutes;
§ School preparatory group - once a month 40 minutes.
Sports holiday in a children's institution is a demonstration of a healthy, cheerful state of children and their achievements in the formation of motor skills. Saturated with the dynamics of motor content, held in the fresh air, it is a joyful event in the life of children.
The basis of the program of a sports holiday should be fun outdoor games and a variety of physical exercises that reflect the motor skills acquired by children during certain period time. Assimilated in regular physical education classes, they do not require special training and naturally merge into the festive program, giving children great pleasure.
Preparation for the holiday should not violate the planned educational work. Repeatedly repeated “numbers” before the holiday, often without taking into account the duration in time, cause physical and mental fatigue in children, loss of interest, dulling of emotions and performing them at the holiday as a memorized lesson. The holiday should be the result of systematic work with children.
Sports holidays, differing only in their specific content, can be very diverse in program and structure.
This holiday stands out from the background of everyday life. unusual decoration plot, smartly decorated with physical education aids: flowers, lanterns, ribbons, etc. change the usual look of the playground, causing a joyful expectation and a festive mood in children. In the process of the holiday itself, music plays an important role, creating an emotional uplift and uniting children with a cheerful, cheerful mood.
The first part of the holiday can be built in the form of a sports parade, which begins with a general procession of children, divided into separate teams, marching with their pennant and badges. The movements of children, combined with songs, poems, cause an emotional upsurge. Following this, children can demonstrate their achievements in games and exercises. Senior groups participate in the competition available to them (in running, throwing, jumping, etc.), in relay race games. Fun rides may be included. All this is carried out taking into account the time for each age group.
The program of the second part of the holiday can be organized in the form of a spectacle - a puppet theater, a concert with the participation of adults and children, or in the form of a walk in the "magic forest". Surprise moments are an indispensable component of this part: the appearance of some fairy-tale characters, a magician, etc.
At the end of the holiday, a good mood is supported by a general dance, when the children, at the suggestion of the leader, invite guests: parents, teachers, kindergarten employees.
Sports holidays are good in winter. Their content is also motor activity children, typical for this season - sledding with tasks for agility, skating and playing ice skating, skiing, playing hockey, fun outdoor games, massive simple dances and surprise moments prepared by adults or schoolchildren. The winter holiday can be organized around the New Year tree as a holiday of the Russian winter or in the form of games on certain topics (“Journey to the North”, “Journey”, etc.) children. The use of colorful trappings and music make them extraordinarily and re-attractive. In the winter holiday, songs and poems performed by children are not heard, however, music, the leader’s address (in verse or prose) give a festive mood and unite the individual actions and games of children into a single whole. Surprise moments - a source of joyful surprise and laughter - are performed by adults or schoolchildren.
Children can participate in the preparation of festive decoration available to them. On the day of the holiday, the life of children should not be disturbed by unnecessary haste, disruption of the regime, nervousness.
The holiday can be held in the form of a physical culture and sports musical and theatrical performance. Its content is a fairy tale familiar to children. Children free fairy-tale heroes, overcoming obstacles, competing with a negative character.
With the general interest of adults in the success of the holiday, their desire to bring joy and pleasure to children, to carry out everything planned in the plan, the total duration of the holiday should not exceed 45 minutes - 1 hour.
In the Physical Education Program of E.Ya Stepanenkova, it is recommended to hold physical education holidays in middle and senior groups two to three times a year.
health day it is recommended to carry out in accordance with the instructions of the program, starting with the 2nd junior group. Its task is to take care of the prevention of the nervous system of the child, the improvement of his body in close connection with the maintenance of a positive emotional state of the psyche. Therefore, on this day, children should be provided maximum stay on air and, if possible, spend it in nature. Children are exempted from activities that require mental stress. They play interesting and favorite games for them, sing, listen to music, calmly, cheerfully communicate with each other.
The planning of this day should take into account the interests of children of this age group, their favorite activities, and prevent conflicts. The program of this day can include outdoor games, game exercises, elements of sports games and exercises, fun relay races, entertainment and fun, overcoming various natural obstacles.
Walking tours and excursions outside the children's institution are simplest form children's tourism. These are interesting and useful for children small trips with a specific purpose. They promote health, physical development of children, education of aesthetic feelings, communication with nature, improvement of motor skills and physical qualities.
Often, children, doing well in various exercises in a familiar room or in a kindergarten area, are lost in a new environment. The changing natural conditions that children encounter during long walks contribute to the education of the necessary life orientation in the area, determination, courage, general endurance, and the strengthening of friendly relations.
During each tourist trip, certain tasks are solved. Therefore, it is necessary every time to clearly develop the route, determine the places of stops, the necessary equipment, clothing (depending on the weather). The plan and route are coordinated with medical workers. On the eve of the hike, the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, invites parents to take part in the hike.
The form of organization of children during the trip depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. Most often, children go freely in the forest.
During the rest, educators check the condition of the children, their clothes.
Instructions for protecting the life and health of children.
1. The route must be carefully studied by adults.
2. Children must be accompanied by at least 2 adults.
3. The clothes of children in order to avoid overheating or hypothermia of the body must correspond to the season.
4. Every adult should be well aware of the contents of the first aid kit and the rules for using it in order to be able to provide first aid if necessary.
5. When crossing streets, roads, the teacher must follow the rules of the road.
6. The teacher must take into account the physical abilities of children.
Rules of conduct for children.
1. Strictly obey the teacher.
2. Do not tear plants without permission.
3. Do not leave a friend in trouble, always come to his rescue; help the weak.
4. Always keep the place of rest clean.
Holidays are provided by the program at the beginning of January and the end of March, lasting each time during the week. Their tasks have a common focus with health days - to ensure the rest of the child's nervous system, to create conditions conducive to healing and strengthening the body in unity with an emotionally positive state of mind. The content of the holidays can be artistic and creative, musical, physical education activities. Simple hiking trips are very useful. If possible, it is very useful to go out of town to a rest home or to a kindergarten cottage. The new environment, skiing, skiing and playing in nature will bring children's lives closer to a sanitary regime, the health-improving value of which is undeniable. The organization of such holidays for children requires thoughtfulness and careful preparation.
Winter sports week plan (holidays).
1st day: construction of a snow town.
2nd day: snow festival in the snow town;
3rd day: for 5-year-olds - cross-country skiing; for 4-year-olds - sports games in the town of the Palace;
4th day: for 3-year-olds - sports games in a snow town; for 4-year-olds - ski competitions; for 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds - sports games;
5th day: sledding, skiing, sports games;
Bibliography.
A.V. Keneman, D.V. Khukhlaeva. "Theory and methods of physical education of preschool children."
E.Ya.Stepanenkova. "Physical education in kindergarten". program and guidelines.
"Physical education of preschool children". From work experience. Compiled by Yu.F.Luuri.
E.J. Adashkyavichene. Sports games and exercises in kindergarten.
"Toy in the pedagogical process
kindergarten."
Plan.
1. History of the Toy.
2. The role of toys in a child's life.
3. The role of toys in the pedagogical process.
4. Kinds of toys.
5. Methods for introducing a child to a new toy in a preschool.
6. Requirements for toys.
7. List of used literature.
“To this day, the toys that were given to children served to increase their knowledge, and through them they met
with many things in the world."
EkaterinaII
1. The history of the toy.
A toy is a relatively fragile item and its life is short, so it is very difficult to determine the time of the appearance of toys. It is quite obvious that the first toys were close to tools adapted to the strength of the child. Small bow, arrows looked like genuine ones. They were made by adults in order to develop accuracy, clarity and coordination of movements in children. Much later, toys depicting animals, birds, and figures of people were discovered.
From the history of the world toy.
In Vv. BC. in the sky China the first kites which are still played by adults and children.
Mechanical constructor - a set of strips with holes, nuts and bolts, with which, with which you can build cranes, winches, carts, mills, was invented by Hornby's clerk from the butcher's shop English city of Liverpool in 1900.
The designer of multi-colored cubes was invented about 200 years ago in Germany a man named Liebig.
Already in the XIII century. French dolls became trendsetters and were insanely expensive. For them, as for Barbie, they did doll houses fully furnished, but not made of plastic. The house was made of valuable wood, and the dishes were made of silver and porcelain. All this was kept and passed down from mother to daughter, like other family jewels.
For a long time, toys were created in the family by adults during leisure hours "for fun" for children. Toys reflected the love for children, the desire to please them, to amuse, to teach them something. In the manufacture of toys, creative invention, understanding of the interests of children, their desires were manifested. The toy reflected the characteristic features of people's work, love for nature, knowledge of it, reproduced the features and habits of animals and birds.
Since the time of F. Frebel, much attention has been paid to building materials for children's games. They were produced in many different sizes and designs.
The first doll in Russia was made of wood. In central Russia, a rag doll made of white canvas is known. A white-faced girl always had a braid of tow or natural hair, but there was no face so that evil spirits would not inhabit her. They could not do without a doll even in the poorest house. Almost every peasant woman knew how to make dolls herself.
The most talented craftsmen began to make toys not only for their children, but also for sale. Gradually, a toy industry arose. In Russia, a large toy industry was in the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow (first mentioned in 1663). The bear enjoyed special attention among the Bogorodsk carvers. In the toy, he was endowed with the characteristic features of a leisurely, clubfoot forest dweller, as well as human qualities: diligence, curiosity, passion for fun, music.
In the village Babenki Podolsky district of the Moscow region in 1911. An artel of Russian craftsmen was organized, famous for making turned-polished toys: cones, turrets from rings of different colors, etc. Babensky toys are distinguished by clear shapes, purity and richness of color, their simple design allows you to perform a variety of actions with toys. In the Nizhny Novgorod province (now the Gorky region) in Khokhloma village craftsmen who made wooden toys (samovars, chaskas, etc.) painted them in golden-red tones. IN village of Gorodets engaged in the carving of skates, goats, bulls, in s.Semenovo dolls were made. In the Vyatka province (now the Kirov region) in .Dymkovo Since ancient times, there has been a clay (Dymkovo) toy, a feature of which is the plasticity of forms and bright, colorful painting. The range of Dymkovo toys is varied. Here are the whistle toys themselves - small lionfish, lambs, horses, riders on horseback. Larger figures approaching the decorative table sculpture - ladies, nannies, nurses, water carriers, dashing hussars, large figurines of animals and birds. Finally, whole compositions, for example, Shrovetide riding on inclined logs doused with water and covered with an ice crust; milkmaid with a cow, etc. Filimonovo village Tula region toys created bizarre images of horses, cows, bulls, bears. Using a plastic material - clay, they did not strive for plausibility. These toys are distinguished by an elongated neck shape, the rhythm of colorful stripes.
The Toy Museum was founded in 1920 in Moscow. In 1931 the Museum was transferred to Zagorsk (now Sergiev Posad).
2. The role of toys in a child's life.
Toy - an item specially designed for children's games. Its use contributes to the expansion of children's horizons, the development of interest in the objects and phenomena of reality reflected in it, and the development of independence. In joint games with toys, children form friendly relationships, the ability to coordinate their actions.
The normal development of the child, the formation of his inner peace unthinkable without a game, and therefore without a toy. Toys for a child are the "environment" that allows you to explore the world around you, form and realize creative abilities, express feelings; toys teach to communicate and learn about yourself. The basis of the development of a small child is good health, cheerfulness. Favorite children's toys (ball, skittles, hoop, etc.) encourage kids to run, throw, throw, jump, i.e. develop movements, satisfy the needs for motor activity, communication. Toys with a surprise, sounding, clockwork cause surprise, unexpected joy, make them laugh and amuse, make the child's life happier. Toys for a small child are a kind of window to the world, they expand his horizons, awaken curiosity. Many objects enter a child's life through toys depicting animals, technology, etc. There are toys with which the child solves problematic problems, learns to think independently, and experiment. A toy, according to the figurative expression of A.S. Makarenko, is the “material basis” of the game, it is necessary for the development of gaming activity. With its help, the child creates a conceived image, expresses his impressions of the surrounding life, plays a particular role. Thus, a toy, as E.A. Flerina rightly noted, “teaches a child to live and act.”
3. The role of toys in the pedagogical process.
The game is one of the most effective means of education. Mental capacity, moral qualities, aesthetic feelings are brought up in the process of interesting gaming activities. Game and toy are inseparable concepts. A toy is an item specially designed for children's play.
Didactic toys are designed so that the child, playing with them, learns new actions, acquires certain skills.
educational task such toys - to check, clarify, expand the knowledge of children, develop their memory, attention, ingenuity.
With any of the sports toys, you can play a lot of different dynamic games. Such toys solve the problem physical development of children , the development of a variety of motor skills and abilities.
Being an indispensable companion of childhood, an object of entertainment, experiences, fun, a toy has a general educational value, serves the purpose of versatile development. Wide circle educational tasks is solved due to the variety of toys in terms of content, types, materials, performance technique, age purpose.
KD Ushinsky was one of the first to draw attention to the fact that a toy is a kind of school for educating a child's feelings. “A child sincerely attaches himself to his toys, loves them passionately and tenderly, and loves in them not their beauty, but those pictures of the imagination that he himself tied to them” (K.D. Ushinsky).
4. Kinds of toys.
Types of toys are divided according to the principle of correlation with different types of games: plot, didactic, sports, entertainment games.
Plot-shaped toys .
The prototype of these toys are animate and inanimate objects of the surrounding world, which are used mainly in story games: dolls, figurines of people, animal figurines, game items etc. They can be simple and with special devices and mechanisms - groovy, voiced. To the plot-about different toys include and theatrical toys. Sets of toys depicting familiar characters from fairy tales for a tabletop (volumetric or planar) theater, flannelgraph with figurines and decorations made of pile-based paper. The theme is determined by the “Kindergarten Education and Training Program”, puppet-character puppets made of fabric, commensurate with the hand of an adult. Festive carnival toys necessary to participate in festive matinees and entertainment. Technical toys, displaying the simplest tools, household appliances, various mechanisms, modes of transport.
Didactic toys .
Most didactic toys are designed for mental and sensory development children. They actually include didactic toys, didactic games(game sets) with rules , constructors and construction sets (puzzle toys). Any didactic toy poses a practical task for the child, the solution of which lies in the content and design of the toy itself. These are folk toys - colorful balls, pyramids, nesting dolls, mushrooms, small toys, etc., and a variety of games for
design - mosaic, sticks, etc. A special type is board and printed games : lotto, paired pictures, quartets, cubes.
Appointment of games with building material - development of attention, ingenuity, constructive abilities of children. Games with building play materials unite children with the unity of intention and action, striving for the goal - the creation of a building.
Musical toys contribute to the development of children's musical abilities, manifested in the ability to concentrate on the perception of individual musical sounds, to distinguish between their height, timbre coloring, duration, strength (dynamics) of sound; in the desire to listen and recognize the familiar melodies of songs, dances, etc.
Toys for playing with sand, water, wind, snow expand the understanding of the world, provide an opportunity to experience the properties of natural materials.
Sports motor toys.
They are intended, first of all, for the implementation of the tasks of physical education. They help to increase the motor activity of children, the development of coordination of movements, orientation in space, dexterity, courage. These toys can be divided into several groups.
Group 1 - toys that develop the sensory-motor apparatus, strengthen small muscles, contribute to the development of coordination of movements of the hand and fingers, the development of dexterity and eye (tops, fleas, beads, etc.)
2nd group - toys for strengthening the muscles of the forearm and shoulder, developing strength, dexterity, coordination of hand and body movements (serso, hoops, balls, ring throwers, etc.)
3rd group - toys that promote the development of running, jumping, strengthening the muscles of the legs and torso (wheelchairs, hoops, jump ropes, skates, rollers, bicycles, etc.)
The 4th group consists of toys for group games, in which children compete in accuracy, speed, dexterity of movements (ping-pong, basketball, etc.). They contribute to the development of collective relationships, the ability to calculate the force of impact, correlate their movements with the movements of a friend.
Toys are fun.
These toys should evoke curiosity, joy, develop a sense of humor and curiosity in children. They should be used with caution, taking into account the age of the child, his mood. A toy that delights an older preschooler can frighten a toddler.
For younger preschoolers these are tumblers, funny hanging toys (if you pull the cord, they move and ring), clockwork pecking chickens, etc.
For older preschoolers, mechanical, clockwork, inertial, pneumatic and other toys are used. The topic is expanding: it can be associated with children's ideas about animate and inanimate nature, with fairy tale characters and etc.
Types of toys according to the degree of readiness:ready-made, collapsible, consisting of transforming parts and parts, blanks and semi-finished products for homemade toys, sets various materials to create handmade toys.
DIY toys made by the children themselves or by parents, educators. When making the simplest toy, the child thinks, overcomes difficulties, rejoices in success. Making toys is a feasible and joyful work for a child. Creating a toy, the child strives for creative activity. For homemade toys, natural material is widely used:
cones, acorns, etc. Grateful material to create homemade toys clay. Suitable for this and junk material. IN Lately kits for creating homemade toys appeared on sale.
Toys by type of raw materials used:wooden, plastic, metal, fabrics, stuffed toys, rubber, paper and cardboard, ceramics, porcelain and earthenware, wood materials, papier-mâché, synthetic materials.
Toys by size:small, medium, large.
Types of toys by functional properties:simple, without moving parts, with moving parts, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, electrified, electronic, sets of toys from parts, sets of toys united by a single theme.
Toys by artistic and imaginative solution:realistic, conditional, constructive.
5. Methods of familiarizing the child with a new toy.
The appearance of a new toy in the group is always a joyful event. The method of introducing children to it is determined, first of all, by the tasks that the teacher wants to solve.
Offering a toy depicting an adult, a child, an animal, the educator shows his positive attitude to her, thereby arousing the same attitude in children.
When introducing plot-motor toys, it is necessary to disclose their purpose, methods of action with them.
The appearance of a cheerful funny toy preceded by an intriguing warning. The expectation of something new by children arouses their interest, sets them up for a joyful perception of the toy.
If the toy is fragile and its mechanism requires careful handling, you need to warn the children about this, show how to handle it.
The process of playing with a toy, learning by children how to handle it is not the same in relation to different toys. Some quickly enter the independent games of children, others require a slower introduction, repeated beating.
For example, when getting acquainted with a doll, children are imbued with a feeling of sympathy for her, but playing with her boils down to feeding her, putting her to bed, dressing her, etc. To expand the ideas of children, the teacher repeatedly shows a variety of toys - "companions" of the doll: her clothes, household items, labor. Introducing preschoolers to a new toy, the teacher is already using elements of the game: on behalf of the doll, she tells where she came from, how and where she lived, what fairy tales, songs, games, etc. she knows. Having aroused interest in the toy, having reported everything necessary about it, the teacher organizes a game with a new toy.
6. Requirements for toys.
In order to develop the personality and protect the interests of children, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, together with the Artistic and Technical Council for Toys, prepared a package of documents on the psychological and pedagogical examination of games and toys.
In the methodical letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 17, 2005 No. 61/19 - 12, the mandatory requirements for toys are formulated.
It is not possible that the toy could:
Ø Provoke the child to aggressive actions;
Ø Cause manifestations of cruelty towards the characters of the game (people and animals), whose roles are played by playing partners (peers and adults) and who are plot toys (Dolls, animals);
Ø Provoke game plots related to immorality and violence;
Ø Generate interest in sexual issues beyond childhood.
Of particular pedagogical value are toys that have the following qualities:
Ø Polyfunctionality (the possibility of their wide use in accordance with the child's plan and the plots of the game, contributing to the development of creative abilities, imagination, the iconic symbolic function of thinking and other qualities);
Ø Didactic properties (the ability to teach a child to design, get acquainted with color and shape, the presence of programmed control mechanisms, for example, in electrified toys);
Ø Ability to use a group of children (the suitability of a toy for use by several children, including with the participation of an adult as a playing partner (for example, collective buildings);
Ø A high artistic and aesthetic level or their belonging to art crafts, ensuring that the child is introduced to the world of art and folk art and folk art.
Basic requirements for toys identified N.K. Krupskaya in the article "On toys for preschool children": the toy should promote child development at every stage of preschool childhood.
The toy intersects the interests and tasks of an adult and a child. A toy must, on the one hand, develop the child's abilities, and on the other hand, bring him joy and pleasure. In order for a toy to contribute to the development of a child, it must be in the interests of the child, meet his needs, be exciting and attractive. Compliance with the interests of the child himself is the most important requirement for toy which actually makes her a toy. The main advantage of a toy that attracts a child is the ability to do something with it. The toy acts as an object of the child's activity and is considered from the position of a possible developing effect. The toy should be as open as possible for transformations. Such universal and popular at all times balls, cubes, inserts, dolls, due to their simplicity, are extremely plastic, allow endless complications, thousands of new combinations. They cannot get bored. From here: openness to a variety of activities, flexibility and simplicity are important requirements for a good toy.
In an accessible and entertaining form, the toy should encourage children to creatively display phenomena, life events, to joint games in which friendships are formed, the ability to coordinate their desires with the desires of their peers, organization, mutual assistance, justice and honesty. In this regard, the special advantage of the toy is the potential focus on a common, joint game.
So, the actions of a child with a toy should be meaningful, variable, independent and included in communication. All these are psychological and pedagogical requirements for a toy.
However, a toy is not only an object of children's activity, but also an object of culture that has absorbed a certain socio-cultural content and passes it on to children. The toy must evoke humane feelings and stimulate prosocial actions. It should maintain a caring attitude towards the living, emphasize the human principle in animals, plants, and humans. The presence in the toy of qualities that stimulate violence, cruelty, aggressiveness is unacceptable. Violation of the ethical requirements for a toy, even with its good developmental effect, should be the basis for its negative assessment.
Besides , an important advantage of the toy is its connection with cultural traditions of their people. Russian culture has accumulated enormous wealth associated with the invention and manufacture of toys.
The toy needs an attractive, colorful design to evoke in the child emotional attitude, cultivate artistic taste.
The creation of toys is always creativity, the invention of something new. Originality of the toy, uniqueness and uniqueness- its undeniable merit.
Hygiene requirements for toys include safety of their use . They are painted with resistant and safe paints and should be easily subjected to hygienic treatment (washing, wiping with disinfectant solutions, ironing).
A threat to a child can be represented by toys with defects that have arisen in the process of “exploitation”, therefore, frequent monitoring of the state of the game material is necessary.
In a preschool, toys must be appropriately placed, which requires the use of certain play equipment: cabinets, racks, boxes, nets for storing balls, etc. Features of storage of toys are due to the need to provide:
Ø Availability of toys for children and the ability to independently dispose of them;
Ø General order, maintaining the attractiveness of each toy;
Ø Preservation of order in the toy farm by the children themselves, careful handling of toys.
To deploy independent games, it is desirable to have modules, transforming toy furniture, stage equipment, and podiums.
The creation of toys in our country is a state deed.
The development of the theme of toys, their design is based on a scientific basis, taking into account the psychology of children, the educational and developmental impact of toys on a child. In 1932, the Toy Research Institute was established in Zagorsk, where artists, sculptors, engineers, and teachers work. The tasks of the institute include technical and advisory assistance to enterprises producing toys.
Bibliography.
"Preschool Pedagogy". V.I. Yadeshko and F.A. Sokhina.
"Preschool Pedagogy" S.A. Kozlikova, T.A. Kulikova.
"Preschool education in Russia". Collection of acting normative-legal documents. Editor-compiler R.B. Sterkina.
"Kindergarten. Book for managers. V.M.Izgarsheva, T.P.Safonova and others.
"Preschool game" Edited by S.L. Novoselova.
"A toy in a child's life." E.A. Kossakovskaya.
"Toys: how to evaluate their quality". (Journal " preschool education”, No. 4, 2005) E. Smirnova, Doctor of Psychology, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education.
"Decoration of the premises of preschool institutions." G.N. Panteleev.
Introduction
I. Theoretical basis Problems.
1.1 The value of physical culture holidays in the organization of active recreation for preschoolers.
1.2 Classification of sports holidays.
1.3 Pedagogical requirements for the organization of sports holidays:
Drawing up a program;
Scenario development;
Preparing children;
holiday decoration;
Refereeing.
1.4 Methodological requirements for holding sports holidays:
The beginning of the holiday;
The course of the holiday;
Summing up, awarding.
2.1 Drafting of sports holidays for children of senior preschool age.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Appendix
Introduction
“Take care of your health from a young age” - this motto reflects the need to improve the health of a child from the first days of his life. To grow up healthy, strong, emotional - the tasks of each preschool institution.
It is impossible to imagine the life of a child in kindergarten without fun, interesting, exciting and noisy holidays and competitions. Some develop ingenuity, others - ingenuity, others - imagination and creativity, but they are united by a common thing - educating a child's need for movement and emotional perception life. Moving, the child learns the world around him, learns to love it and act purposefully in it, improving the experience of organizing games, since a game for a preschooler is not just a memory of some actions, plots, but a creative processing of impressions that have taken place, combining them and building a new reality that meets the needs and impressions of the child.
The current socio-economic situation in the country has changed the attitude towards children on the part of raising adults. The intense rhythm of life requires a modern person to be purposeful, self-confident, perseverance and, of course, health. At the same time, the lack of emotional and psychological well-being in a preschool institution can lead to a deformation of the child's personality, to a decrease in the possibilities of emotional contact with others, and an increase in difficulties in establishing new social relationships. Therefore, in modern conditions urgent tasks are instilling in children an interest in physical culture and sports, as well as improving motor skills through sports holidays.
The sports holiday is aimed not at honing the technique of performing certain movements and exercises, but at cultivating positive emotions, high motor activity of children, free and unconstrained mutual understanding, contributes to the functional improvement of the child's body, increase its performance, makes it resistant and hardy, with high protective abilities to adverse environmental factors, that is, they create conditions for all children to grow up healthy.
sports holiday game preschooler
I. Theoretical foundations of the problem
1.1 The value of physical culture holidays in the organization of active recreation for preschoolers
A child of the 21st century, according to Academician N.A. Amosov, faces three vices of civilization: overeating, physical inactivity, accumulation of negative emotions without physical relaxation.
Doctors, physiologists, teachers put an equal sign between fun, a radiant smile and physical health. Receiving a positive emotional charge, our body opens up to goodness and beauty.
That is why, almost like air, children need holidays and entertainment. For a child, a holiday is a whole event.
Recently, in the system of physical education of a preschool child, physical culture holidays have taken a firm place, which have established themselves as the most acceptable and effective form of active recreation for children.
The long-term practice of the work of preschool institutions has shown the importance of a sports holiday in the active involvement of each child of senior preschool age in physical education. There are many positive examples creativity teaching staff to their organization and conduct. The experience of organizing sports holidays has shown their positive impact on raising children's interest in active motor activity, as well as increasing the role of the family and kindergarten in solving the problems of physical education. The purpose of such holidays is the active participation of all children's team groups, by means of which the motor preparedness of children, the ability to show physical qualities in unusual conditions and game situations are revealed.
Having studied the methodology of physical education of preschoolers on this issue, the books edited by Osokina T.I., Timofeeva E.A., Ermak N.N., Vasyukova V.I. helped me. I got acquainted with the new programs “Health”, “System”, “Start”, “ABC of Health” and analyzed what they offer new on the topic of interest to me.
Work on physical education with preschoolers is a complex of recreational, educational and educational activities, the basis of which is motor activity. Their main goal is to satisfy the natural biological need for movement, to achieve good health and physical development of children; to ensure that preschoolers acquire vital motor skills and elementary knowledge of physical culture; create conditions for the versatile development of children and educate them in the need for systematic physical exercises.
In the system of physical culture and health-improving work of a preschool institution, there are different forms of organizing active recreation for preschoolers. Sports holidays are an effective form of active recreation for children, which have proven to be the most acceptable and effective form of active recreation for children.
Sports holidays are mass entertainment events of a demonstrative and entertaining nature, contributing to the promotion of physical culture, improving movements, educating such character traits as collectivism, discipline, and respect for rivals. In a rational combination with other types of work on physical education, they help to create an expedient motor mode, which serves to increase functionality, improving the performance and hardening of children.
The brilliance of the external design, accessibility, lack of strict regulation of the activities of participants, the possibility of a wide manifestation of emotions and individual abilities make such events very popular among children of older preschool age. Therefore, their conduct most often becomes traditional and is provided for by the general work plan of the preschool institution.
The entire staff of the preschool institution is preparing for the holiday, a script is being drawn up, colorful attributes are being prepared, special clothes for children are being prepared. When creating scenarios, one can refer to the practical experience of different authors: Shmakova S.A., Yakovleva V.G., Kedrina T.Ya., Afanaseva S.P., Kozak O.N., Shcherbak A.N.
During sports holidays, all children should take an active part in outdoor and sports games, relay races, dances, attractions, exercises with elements of acrobatics, musical and rhythmic movements. The wide use of different game techniques, game exercises, riddles, musical works contributes to a positive emotional mood children to the active use of previously acquired motor skills and abilities. Acting with great emotional uplift, striving to achieve the best results in a competitive environment (unexpectedly changing situations), children improve physically. So, overly mobile children develop the ability to complete the task, showing attentiveness and achieving accuracy: sedentary children learn to navigate well and freely in space, participate with interest in collective games, showing such qualities as quick reaction, dexterity, flexibility, orientation in space and others useful qualities and abilities.
Participation in the holidays and preparation for them bring great emotional and aesthetic satisfaction, unite children and adults with common joyful experiences, and remain in memory as a bright event for a long time. Joint activities with friends, games, colorful decoration of the venue for the celebration and certain types of competitions, original costumes, beautiful color emblems, the sound of music, the grand opening and closing of the holiday affect the development of children's sense of beauty, good taste, and imagination. All this stimulates their creativity. Educators involve children in making various crafts to decorate the sports ground and gym, clearing the skating rink, laying ski tracks, marking running and cycling paths, places for games, as well as selecting and placing physical education equipment and inventory, preparing costumes, holiday attributes. Even the smallest, not only participants, but also fans, receive tasks; appropriate to their preparedness. As a result of such versatile creative activity, many tasks of labor education are solved. Children are enriched with new ideas and knowledge, they awaken an interest in the environment, an understanding of the ideological orientation of a sports holiday of a certain theme.
Holidays help to convey to the minds of young citizens ideas about the phenomena of social life, to cultivate respect for people of different professions, to draw attention to outstanding sports achievements. The guys are attached to the idea that a happy childhood is possible only if peace is maintained throughout the Earth.
Sports holidays have an effective influence on the formation of a child's personality. Joint activities, achievement of good results by the team, overcoming difficulties unite the team, cause a sense of responsibility (individual and collective). Children learn to empathize with the successes and failures of their comrades, to be able to rejoice in their achievements, to maintain good, friendly relations with each other, to be helpful and caring towards younger ones. They bring up the desire to achieve not only high individual, but also team success. At the same time, respect for partners in the game, the opposing team is developed. The competitive nature of the games and exercises at the festival contributes to the education of purposefulness, perseverance and resourcefulness, courage, determination and other moral and volitional qualities. Participation in physical culture holidays helps children to realize more deeply the importance of systematic exercises in motor actions to achieve the desired results, arouses interest in regular physical education.
Of great educational importance is the coordinated activity of adults - employees of a preschool institution, parents, representatives of sponsoring enterprises and sports organizations, their joint participation in the preparation and program of the holiday (fun games, dances, competitions, attractions, songs, etc.).
A positive example of adults serves to increase parental authority. Attracting them to participate in children's physical culture holidays promotes the promotion of physical culture and sports among the general population and is one of the forms of work of the preschool team with parents in physical education. In addition, sports holidays contribute to the improvement of mass sports work among children and adults.
1.2 Classification of sports holidays
Analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the organization of sports holidays with preschoolers allows us to formulate the main approaches to their classification.
During any holiday, a complex solution of a number of tasks is carried out that contributes to the harmonious development of the child, but at the same time the main task is set, in accordance with which the subject and content are selected, methods and methods of work are determined.
1. By dominant task I consider it appropriate to single out the following holidays.
Form a healthy lifestyle . These are thematic holidays such as "The sun, air and water are our faithful friends”, “Health Day” ( annex 4), “Holiday of Cleanliness”, “Adventures of Neboleyka”, “Visiting Aibolit”, etc. Properly selected thematic outdoor games and exercises in combination with text, children's fights with the enemies of health (laziness, gluttony, fears, etc.) allow you to form a positive attitude towards hardening, physical education, hygiene procedures, daily routine.
To cultivate a persistent interest in physical education and sports, in personal achievements, in sports events in our country and around the world. The characteristic features of these holidays is the inclusion of games with elements of team and individual competition and relay races in their program. An important role is also given to the selection of cognitive material aimed at systematizing children's knowledge about sports, Olympic Movement, Russian athletes, etc. The theme of such holidays is diverse: "Olympians among us", "Journey to Sportland", "Merry starts".
Entertain the children, give them pleasure . These are comic entertainment holidays with the aim of creating a good mood from games, attractions, joint activities with adults, musical accompaniment, funny attributes, etc.
Develop creativity, initiative, communication skills . Well-thought-out motivation for actions (helping the heroes, searching for treasure, demonstrating one's prowess and hardening), interrelated test tasks make this holiday very attractive for children aged 6-7. Their activities in this case are less regulated: they themselves find a way out of a critical situation, come into conflict with the forces of evil, the elements of nature, and weather surprises. Topics are determined by the interests of children and the capabilities of adults. It's "Young Robinsons" space adventure”, “In the underwater kingdom”, “Rescuers”, “SOS signal received”.
Demonstrate sports achievements . Such a holiday is usually combined with the final events in the lives of children: the end of the school year, graduation from kindergarten (“What we have become”, “Growing up”) - or seasonal changes: the end of winter, summer (“Skiing competitions”, “Bicycle races”, Mermaid Festival).
Cultivate interest in folk traditions . These folkloric holidays are held in accordance with the Christian calendar (Christmas, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Trinity) ( application 1,2,3). They are compiled on material accessible to children using folk games, fun, round dances, songs, attributes. national clothes, inventory.
form cognitive activity . The goal is to expand and systematize knowledge in the field of ecology, geography, astronomy, literature, the basics of safe life, etc. Such holidays include erudite competitions (young astronomers, environmentalists, traffic rules experts, etc.): quizzes, crossword puzzles, riddles, etc. The knowledge and skills of children are tested when solving socially significant problematic tasks: how to save the Earth from an environmental disaster; how to establish contact with extraterrestrial civilizations; how to learn the rules of safe life. Traveling from era to era, on different continents, children receive elementary ideas in the field of geography, history, natural science and other sciences.
Cultivate moral qualities. Such holidays are especially significant for teams of different ages and sexes, in which favorable conditions are created for the formation of friendly relations between children and a humane attitude towards all living things. Game activities aimed at developing readiness and skills to come to each other's aid or help out of a dangerous situation is an indispensable component of the content of these holidays. As a rule, their plot develops in two directions: on the one hand, all children are united by one goal (to help a hero-character in trouble by confronting the forces of evil); on the other hand, children are usually divided into two or more teams (sailors-travelers and natives, earthlings and aliens, people, animals and birds) and are included in a joint fight against common enemies (evil, fears, cruelty, envy).
2. By motor content holidays are divided as follows:
- Combined. It is built on the basis of a combination of different types of physical exercises: gymnastics, outdoor and sports games, sports exercises. Its advantage is the ability to involve children aged 5-7 years in competitive activities with elements of sports, and younger and middle preschoolers in the implementation of the simplest gymnastic exercises and participation in outdoor games and fun.
- Based on sports games(carrying out between parallel groups of the championship in football, basketball, hockey, etc.). Such a holiday can be organized if the children have a good command of the technique of the game and are familiar with its rules. In order to involve all children in it, it is possible to organize dance performances of girls and games for fans in the breaks between halves. If the level of motor fitness of children is not high enough, then the holiday can take the form of competitions between teams for the speed and quality of the performance of individual elements of sports games (drag the ball and throw it into the basket; keep the tennis ball on the racket longer; score a shuttlecock with a racket in a circle, etc. .). You can also include relay games and games with elements of individual and collective competitions in the holiday.
- Based on sports exercises. Such holidays are organized on the basis of combining several seasonal sports (for example, skiing, sledding in winter or cycling, rollerblading, scootering in summer). The content of the holiday may include sports exercises of one type (for example, swimming).
- Based on outdoor games, attractions, fun. This is the most common type of holiday. It does not require complex equipment, a specially equipped platform (it can be carried out in a clearing or a rammed path). The universality of the holiday lies in the fact that children of all ages and adults can be involved in it.
- Integrated. The content of these holidays, along with motor tasks, includes elements of cognitive, visual activity, theater, etc.
3. By methods of conducting The following types of holidays are distinguished:
Game (held with children of all ages).
Competitive (held with children 5-7 years old). Participants of two or more teams compete with each other, or all children enter into confrontation with a real or imaginary character.
Plot. The performance of motor tasks is carried out in accordance with the leader's story, and all games and exercises are connected by a single theme and idea.
Creative. Their goal is the formation of creative activity, the ability to independently make decisions, initiatives ( problem situations and tasks, puzzle tasks, provocation questions, search questions, group discussion method, etc.). Holding such holidays requires high professionalism from an adult, since unexpected decisions of children can change the course of the scenario. Therefore, the scenario includes different options for getting out of the proposed situation, so that the children feel responsible for the course and results of their actions.
Note. The classification of holidays in accordance with the method is rather arbitrary: in any of them, a wide arsenal of methods and techniques for teaching and raising children is used. Therefore, we are talking about the predominant use of any method.
4. According to the venue of the holidays share like this
At the sports ground or stadium;
IN natural conditions(in the forest, near the reservoir, in the park);
In the gym;
In the pool.
5. According to the composition of children It is best to classify the holidays as follows.
Participants of the holiday can be children from 4 to 7 years old and adults. It, as a rule, is based on outdoor games, attractions and amusements, in which all children participate (in turn or in small groups of the same age), and everyone who wishes takes part in mass games, round dances and dances.
A holiday can be organized on the basis of bringing together children of the same age or close in age. If it is based on games with elements of competition or sports games, then the participants are children 6-7 years old. If this is an entertainment holiday, in which story games and musical surprises prevail, children 4-5 years old can become participants.
The holiday can be held as a fun competition in which parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters participate. General and individual game tasks and mass comic relay races are defined, which include children 2-3 years old (the task is to crawl between the legs of their brothers and sisters) and grandmothers (the task is to dress your grandson as quickly as possible).
6. According to the nature of the used equipment, supplies, aids - this classification of holidays is very conditional: if the kindergarten is equipped with physical education, sports and game inventory insufficient, this is not a reason to deprive children of the holiday - the specified equipment can be found an adequate replacement.
With the use of sports, physical culture and tourist equipment.
Using natural material(autumn leaves, flowers, buildings made of snow, ice floes, snowballs, cones, pebbles, stumps, logs, etc. - depending on the season and the natural environment).
Using homemade or adapted equipment. Tires of different sizes can be used (a variety of shells can be constructed from them), a ladder, a clothesline, household items, children's furniture (chairs, stools), even plastic bottles filled with sand, etc.
With story toys and play aids for young children (dolls, animals, cars, rolling toys, building material).
7. Depending on the season - this classification of holidays is traditional (four seasonal holidays - autumn, winter, spring, summer).
1.3 Pedagogical requirements for the organization of sports holidays
Physical education holidays in kindergarten are organized in accordance with program instructions. Their number during the year in the older group is twice a year, the frequency of holding, duration (within 60 minutes) are differentiated depending on the age of the children, the conditions for holding, tasks and content of the holiday.
The "Program of Education and Education in Kindergarten" provides for physical education events and holidays for children in the middle, senior and preparatory groups for school. Children of this age are already quite independent, they have access to collective interactions in games and other activities, it is interesting and understandable to participate in competitions, attractions, dramatizations, they are proactive in fulfilling the roles assigned to them, they are able to mobilize efforts to achieve better results, correctly perceive the assessment of their actions, behavior.
It is advisable to clearly plan sports holidays at the beginning of the year, to outline the topics. This will make it possible to provide for their most expedient combination with holidays of a socio-political orientation, dedicated to the days of national celebrations. The most acceptable for children of senior preschool age are sports holidays that are organized for pupils of one preschool institution. At the same time, it is sometimes acceptable to unite 2-3 groups of older preschoolers from 2-3 nearby kindergartens of the same department.
With any form of organization of a sports holiday for preschoolers, it should be a real holiday for children. It is unacceptable to turn a children's holiday into an entertaining spectacle for adults. This is especially true of sports holidays with a competitive orientation, organized on the initiative of sports organizations. It is unacceptable to select the participants of the holiday from children who distinguished themselves in phased competitions. This approach does not correspond to the peculiarities of the mental and physical development of a preschool child. The selection of children who show only the best results does not contribute to the solution of the most important educational and health-improving tasks set for a preschool institution, does not aim at ensuring a truly massive involvement of children in physical education. Training sessions with the “chosen ones” divert the attention of educators from systematic work with all the children. As a rule, at competitions with successive elimination of weaker participants from stage to stage, there is an atmosphere of excessive childish excitement, excitement of others. This is unfavorable for the development and upbringing of preschoolers: in more prepared children, this can lead to the emergence of selfish character traits - arrogance, an unfriendly attitude towards partners, disrespect for the weaker ones, in the latter - cause self-doubt, reduce interest in classes, arouse negative emotions , bring a lot of grief.
The active motor activity of all children at a sports festival is an important factor in its educational effectiveness. The organizers of the holiday need to make sure that none of the children are in the ranks of permanent spectators, fans. It is desirable that the children all together and alternately take part in different numbers of the program, help the presenters and judges. Children tend to have an emotionally effective perception of competitions, relay races, and attractions taking place at the festival. Often they react too violently to the victory and failure of their comrades, shouting very loudly, squealing, stamping their feet. Although children's desire to support competitors is understandable, it is still important to be able to restrain oneself, to express their feelings more moderately. Adults should not forget about this, strive to maintain a reasonable organization and disciplined behavior of children at the holiday. At the same time, one should be sensitive to the manifestations of children, not drown out their joy with frequent and unjustified remarks.
The greatest benefit for the recovery and hardening of children is brought by sports holidays organized in the open air. During the holiday, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high physical activity, subject to the rational clothing of children. When holding sports holidays indoors, one should be guided by these rules, not to reduce the time spent by children in the air. It is recommended to widely use nearby sports facilities - stadiums, arenas, gyms, swimming pools, skating rinks, etc.
The theme, structure, specifics of preparatory work and design largely depend on the specific venue of the holiday. Employees can be involved in the organization of a sports holiday public organizations, sports facilities, chefs. When compiling the program of the holiday, determining the theme, selecting the content and its design, it is advisable to take into account the specifics of climatic, geographical, economic, social conditions.
Compilation of the program. Preparation for a physical education event begins with the preparation of a program. This will help to clearly plan the work and start organizing it in a timely manner - to determine the name or figurative motto of the holiday, to provide for the distribution of responsibilities between its organizers, to draw up a work plan for each of them on long term etc. It is desirable to reflect in as much detail as possible all the preliminary work that must be done by educators together with children, parents, chefs, since the success of the holiday largely depends on how detailed and clearly it is planned.
It is advisable to single out several sections in the program, where the purpose and objectives of the event should be reflected (and on this basis, all preparatory work should be carried out); date and time of its holding, estimated duration; the venue for the physical culture holiday and individual numbers of the program - the parade of participants, mass performances, competitions in various types of games and exercises, contests; determine those responsible for preparing and holding the holiday (among them should be the head of a preschool institution or a senior teacher, educators, members of the parent committee, there may be representatives of the school, microdistrict, departmental and public organizations); indicate the number of participants, age groups of children - from a preschool institution, school, class that will take part in it; indicate which of the educators, parents, chefs will be involved in the work, as well as invited to the event as guests, perform with an indicative number or take part in judging; determine the procedure for summing up the results of competitions and competitions (individual and collective), encouraging participants.
For example, when drawing up the program of a sports festival, which is supposed to be held under the motto "We are the future athletes" (the holiday is dedicated to the Day of the Athlete), it is advisable to indicate the following:
I. The purpose of the sports festival: promotion of the mass nature of physical culture and sports.
II. Tasks:
1) development in children of interest in physical culture, promotion of the creative manifestation of physical and volitional efforts in a competition;
2) fostering a sense of pride in sporting achievements;
3) popularization of the importance of physical culture among parents and the public.
III. Place and time of the holiday (sports playground of a preschool institution, school stadium, sports complex; 9.30).
IV. Holiday preparation guide. The composition of the commission: the staff of the preschool institution, including a doctor or nurse, representatives of the education department, sponsoring enterprises, the parent committee, the sports society (the surname, name, patronymic, position of each member of the commission are indicated).
V. Participants of the holiday:
Composition: children, physical education instructor, educators, parents, students of a sports school, masters of sports, invited to the holiday.
VI. Encouragement of the participants of the holiday (awarding). It is carried out according to the principle "the main thing is not victory, but participation." Commemorative badges, souvenirs are given to all children.
VII. Preliminary work:
1. Distribution of responsibilities: preparation of attributes for games and exercises; production of emblems for teams, commemorative badges for rewarding; working out the scenario of the holiday, it musical arrangement; learning gymnastic exercises with children for performances in physical education classes, selection and repetition of songs, dances; ensuring the safety of the venue of the holiday.
2. Preparatory work of a physical education instructor, a teacher with children: regular mastering of gymnastic exercises during physical education classes and morning exercises; daily participation of children in outdoor and sports games, sports exercises provided for by the program; decoration of venues for the celebration; familiarization of children with outstanding athletes and achievements (conducting conversations, looking at paintings, books, showing filmstrips); conducting classes in fine arts on the topic "Sport in our lives"; design of albums, stands reflecting the performances of children at the holiday.
3. Organization of joint work of a physical education instructor, educator with parents: distribution of responsibilities between parents; creating a team of parents participating in the holiday; holding consultations; preparation of a place for organizing competitions and attractions, sportswear and costumes for performances, a festive surprise and posters; participation in decoration, approval of the script and implementation of the holiday program; photographing children.
4. Assignments to bosses: work related to the repair of sports equipment, the flooring of the basketball court, checking the serviceability of the broadcasting network; implementation of constant communication with the management of the stadium (if the holiday is held at the stadium) on the organization of the holiday.
5. Preparation of a sports facility (stadium): creation of conditions for children's performances, organization of games, competitions, attractions, work of the referee team; ensuring the safety of equipment; checking the sanitary condition of stands, locker rooms; design of an exhibition revealing the achievements of athletes.
The given scheme of a sports holiday is exemplary. It should be specified for each holiday, taking into account the tasks and conditions in which it is planned to be held.
Interested participation of parents, chefs, the public in the preparation of the holiday is served by the entire system of work of the preschool institution (parent meetings, conversations and consultations on the physical education of children, meetings with chefs, holding open classes in physical education with their subsequent discussion, demonstration of exhibitions of children's works, etc.). P.).
The commonwealth of a preschool institution with society - a school, an enterprise, a sports section, etc. - allows you to give children's holiday the necessary solemnity, serves to increase the authority of the preschool institution among the population.
R script development. One of the important sections of work in preparation for a physical education event is the development of a scenario, which is entrusted to a commission (group) from among the employees of a preschool institution (physical education instructor, senior teacher, teachers of children's groups performing at the holiday, music director). In the event that children from several preschool institutions unite at the celebration, educators and musical directors of these kindergartens take part in the work of the commission. In the course of preparation, the group of employees responsible for developing the script turns to the help of experienced and creative educators, parents, involves them in compiling greetings, roll calls, contests, writing poems, and consults with them on other numbers of the program.
When drawing up a plan-scenario of a holiday, it is necessary
Ensure a gradual increase in physical and mental stress;
Provide for the alternation of games and competitions with high physical activity and emotional intensity and tasks aimed at relieving stress;
Alternate mass and individual games and tasks (if possible);
Provide for the participation and evaluation of the activities of each child, taking into account his individual characteristics and capabilities;
To combine games familiar to children and causing them a positive emotional state of play, tasks with the inclusion of new attributes, music, characters.
The scenario of a sports event is built on the basis of the program and methodological requirements for the physical, hygienic, aesthetic, moral education of preschool children.
When developing a script, one should take into account its main idea, the motto under which it passes.
So, for example, for the holidays held under the mottos "The sun, air and water are our best friends!”, “Health is strength!”, “We grow up healthy, strong, cheerful!”, The main tasks are to promote the importance of physical culture, hygiene factors, natural forces of nature as the most important means of strengthening health, hardening, improving body functions, educating children's interest in physical exercises and games,
Games, relay races, collective performances of children, in which they demonstrate how strong, strong, fast they have become, should take a large place in the program of such holidays; in literary and artistic material - poems, songs, team-to-team appeals, etc., the importance of morning exercises, fun games in the air, in water for the health of children is revealed. It is appropriate to use poems, game images, plot situations that allow in a joking way to show what it leads to. negative attitude to hygiene, neglect of physical education, fear of fresh air, etc.
The content of a sports festival largely depends on the season of the year and the specific conditions in which it is held. So, at a holiday in winter, it is possible to use physical exercises and games characteristic of winter conditions - sledding, games and competitions in skiing and skating, elements of playing hockey, relay race games on ice, on snow, etc. A wide scope for the selection of a variety of exercises and games opens up during sports holidays in summer time outdoors. Under these conditions, it is possible to include mass performances of children in the content of the holiday, requiring a large free space, relay race games with running, jumping from a place and running start, throwing at a target and at a distance, exercises in balance in different conditions, as well as tasks performed on bicycles, scooters, elements of sports games (basketball, badminton, football), fun attractions (running with tied legs in pairs, tug of war, etc.).
The content of a sports festival on the water is peculiar - in the pool. In the course of it, children show their skills in performing preparatory exercises for swimming (sliding, floating up, immersing themselves in water with their heads, jumping into water, etc.), swimming with and without supporting objects. At the same time, a variety of games, attractions in and near the water are widely included. When drawing up a scenario for a sports festival, regardless of where and under what conditions it is held, one should strive to ensure that its content is diverse, interesting, creates the possibility of active participation of all groups of children, brings joy and pleasure not only to children participating in the holiday, but also to spectators, children and adults, guests invited to the holiday.
When developing a scenario for a physical event, it is necessary to adhere to a certain order of the material. The following example construction scheme will help with this:
1. Opening of the holiday, parade of participants.
2. Demonstration performances of groups, teams, combined gymnastic exercises.
3. The mass part of the holiday with the participation of all children and guests present in amusement games.
4. End of the holiday, summing up, awards, closing of the holiday.
The scenario presented by the commission is discussed at a production meeting of employees of a preschool institution. During the discussion, additions, amendments are made, recommendations are made to clarify the content and design. The contents of the script are introduced to parents, chefs who will be directly involved in any numbers of the festive program, as well as people involved in preparing the venues for games, relay races, decorating the premises, the site of the kindergarten, stadium, swimming pool and other facilities, preparing costumes, manuals , decorations.
The script is being finalized pedagogical council the team of the preschool about three weeks before the holiday, when the number of participants, the main numbers, and the preparedness of the children will be determined. Here the leader of the holiday is approved.
Preparing children. All preparatory work with children in groups should be carried out gradually. The educator or physical education instructor systematically conducts with the children all the forms of work and types of physical education classes provided for by the program. Certain types of physical exercises and games included in the content of the holiday are gradually assimilated by children in physical education classes, repeated in morning exercises, walks through the organization of outdoor and sports games. All this is done with the aim of physical development of children, improvement of their motor skills, education of physical qualities. Should not be taught to children; specific games, exercises, relay races that will be included in the program of the holiday. Some of their elements, in the form of tasks, it is advisable to perform in training sessions, a walk, but with other benefits and in other conditions. Yes, in progress individual work, conducted by a physical education instructor or educator, children practice various actions with the ball - hitting, dribbling, passing the ball, one of these actions will be included in the relay during the holiday. It is advisable to perform balance exercises in different conditions: on the ground, a log, a cube, a narrow rail. In the relay race, children can easily cope with the task of running along the bridge, the board.
Preparations for a sports festival should be carried out in such a way that there is no need for repeated mass rehearsals.
Particular attention should be paid to the selection of musical works. To open the holiday, an expressive solemn music, for the parade - a peppy march. The musical accompaniment of different performances should correspond to their character: the performance of general developmental exercises is accompanied by rhythmic, smooth music, the games-attractions are cheerful, cheerful. Music director instructed to pick up songs, dances, musical works, learn them, if necessary, record individual musical fragments, ensure their timely broadcast during the holiday.
Holiday decoration. The group responsible for the decoration of the venues of the holiday (gym, sports ground, swimming pool, kindergarten territory) should strive to ensure that the whole environment evokes high spirits and joyful anticipation of the holiday in children.
Garlands, balls, multi-colored flags, pictures, posters with a sports theme are hung in the premises of the kindergarten and on the site in the summer. The territory of the site is put in order in advance - green spaces are watered, paths are swept, sprinkled with sand, manuals and toys are beautifully arranged on the site.
In winter, the site is decorated with snow figures of animals well known to children, characters of fairy tales (hare, fox, bear, etc.), paths are cleared of snow, an ice rink is poured, paths for sliding are put in order snow buildings (slides, ramparts and labyrinths), a ski track is laid. Places for children's performances in winter are decorated with colored flags, ice floes, serpentine, tinsel.
The duties of those responsible for the decoration include the preparation of announcements for parents, holiday posters, banners, invitation cards for chefs, guests of the holiday.
Preparing for a physical education event, one of the tasks of which is to identify the dynamics of the development of motor skills and physical qualities of children over the year, it is advisable to prepare a stand (in older age groups) with a description of information about skills and abilities, types of tests at the initial stage, which can serve as a certain promising a guideline in working with older children, as well as to direct the attention of adults to early and systematic preparation for mastering the program in terms of the physical training of children.
In the festive decoration of the premises, the territory of the kindergarten, together with the teachers and parents, children take an active part. In the visual arts classes (drawing, appliqué), older preschoolers can perform various crafts (lanterns, multi-colored flags, decorate emblems, badges) to decorate the sports ground and the gym. Children assist the educator in preparing manuals and physical education equipment, cleaning the site, making costumes for individual characters, and building buildings from snow.
Refereeing. Special attention is given to the training of judges (jury). The panel of judges includes the head, senior educator, educators of groups participating in the holiday, parents who are interested in physical education and sports. At the council of the panel of judges (meeting) it is necessary to discuss the requirements for the performance of various numbers of the holiday, determine the evaluation criteria, taking into account the age characteristics of the participants. As the practice of work shows, the most correct is the assessment of children's achievements not by a point system, but by the quality of performing various motor actions included in the program of the event, as well as the manifestation of physical qualities - speed, dexterity, good coordination of movements and orientation in space. Members of the judging panel must be attentive, friendly, objective. When summarizing, analyzing results achieved in team competitions, relay races, it is necessary to take into account the individual data and capabilities of each, note the diligence, honest implementation of the rules by children. It is important to take care of maintaining friendly relations in the team, to prevent cases of disrespect, unfriendly attitude towards a comrade, arrogance.
1.4. Methodological requirements for holding sports holidays
The method of organizing any holiday is a rather complicated process, including the stages of preparation, holding and summing up.
Preparation for the holiday is the preparation of a script, the distribution of roles and responsibilities between the participants, the selection of musical accompaniment, the design of the site or hall, preparation sportswear, emblems, invitations, etc. A physical education instructor or educator can lead the preparatory work. Older brothers and sisters and parents can provide very tangible help. The organizers of the holiday determine its type depending on the season, the age of the participants, the availability of equipment, and the interests of the children.
The duration of the holiday is determined by the age of the participants: 45-50 minutes for children 4-5 years old; 60-90 minutes for children 6-7 years old. If children are participating different ages and adults, the duration of participation of children is determined by their mental and physical capabilities. However, in any case, the holiday should not last more than 2 hours, otherwise fatigue sets in, reducing interest in what is happening.
The beginning of the holiday. On the day of the celebration, everything should be ready for it. Colorful, theme-appropriate design of venues for performances, games, competitions should make children look forward to the holiday. The entire staff of the preschool institution takes an active part in this.
On the day appointed for the celebration, an atmosphere of expectation of general fun should already be created in the morning. Each child (or a group of children), together with a physical education instructor, educator or his assistant, is responsible for a specific part of the preparatory work: someone distributes invitation cards, someone arranges benches, hangs festive garlands, balls, sets up a scoreboard ... The professionalism of the organizers is to involve everyone in the process of preparing the holiday, not to suppress the initiative of children, but to provide them with the opportunity to feel like full-fledged owners of the event.
The holiday must begin exactly at the appointed time. It is important to create a good, calm environment, to prevent violations of the children's lifestyle. To this end, sports holidays are most often held in the afternoon (in the time interval from 15.30 to 16.10). This is especially important for their organization in winter (taking into account the length of daylight hours).
Attentive attitude to each child from the staff of the kindergarten, maintaining a joyful mood, providing the necessary assistance in dressing up festive costumes - all this helps children feel confident and calm.
The course of the holiday. The structure of the holiday is varied and depends on its type. Conventionally, it can be divided into three parts.
The first - introductory - part can be organized in the form of a parade of participants with the raising of the flag, lighting the Olympic torch. A good tradition can be a mass run around the territory of the kindergarten for all participants and fans, including adults; the unexpected appearance of fairy-tale heroes or barkers who invite everyone to take part in mass games, attractions and fun. In winter, the holiday can be started with the movement of a long sledge train or a trio of horses. The beginning of holidays-games of rescuers, travelers, astronauts may be different: an alarm that calls on all the strong and courageous to take part in rescuing animals affected by the flood (from fire, earthquake, etc.). Lots of options...
For example, the opening of a holiday usually begins with a solemn part - the participants enter the hall or on the sports ground, followed by a formation, submission of a report, greetings from the head of the kindergarten or a representative of the department. Depending on the theme, the motto of the holiday, representatives of other organizations (enterprises) - athletes, builders, transport workers, factory workers, factories, etc., can greet children.
At the beginning of the holiday, a roll call is held, a common song is performed, in which ideological orientation. The opening ends with the hoisting of the flag and a parade of participants.
After the solemn part, the main part follows - demonstration performances, consisting of different compositions of general developmental exercises that are performed by children in different formations - columns, two circles (one inside the other), squares, a column or a line diagonally, with various objects: multi-colored flags, flowers, balls, hoops.
The performance of general developmental exercises by a group of children is replaced by small-group or individual performances in which children show their skills in various types of physical exercises (jumping rope, exercises with long ribbons, multi-colored balls, maces and other objects). Physical education numbers alternate with the performance of songs, dance numbers, reading poems.
Guests invited to the holiday can also perform demonstrative numbers: gymnasts, figure skaters, former kindergarten students, students of sports schools, adults - employees of a preschool institution, parents, bosses. Games with elements of competition, relay races, various types of sports exercises and sports games bring great excitement to the content of the holiday.
Along with small-group games, mass games are also organized at the festival, which are well known to all children. Whole groups of children, as well as guests, parents take part in them. Particularly interesting for children are games-attractions in which tasks are performed in unusual conditions (running in bags, hitting the ball with a blindfold, carrying balls in a spoon, catching children with their eyes closed, etc.).
The main part of the holiday, aimed at solving its main task, is filled with the appropriate motor content: games, competitions, attractions. It is important to provide for the participation of each child in them. If the scenario is designed for members of different teams to take turns in the games, you need to consider how to ensure that everyone participates. Usually, to questions-calls like “Who is the most courageous among us?” or “Who wants to play this game?” the same children respond, and the shy and indecisive remain out of work. In this case, you can do this as each child, entering the hall, receives a ticket (tickets can be of different colors, shapes, etc.); during the holiday, the host invites only those who have a ticket in the form of a red circle to participate in a game, and those children who have a ticket in the form of a hare to participate in the Jumpers competition. An adult should hand out tickets, okay knowledgeable each child, so that he does not feel superfluous. So, if a boy got a ticket with a picture of a skipping rope, but he does not know how and does not like this exercise, then he will feel disadvantaged in a pair with a girl or simply refuse to participate. Therefore, you need to decide in advance which ticket to give to whom in order to avoid negative emotions.
The holiday usually includes performances by children reciting poetry, performing songs, tricks. Naturally, preparation is indispensable here. However, you should abandon rehearsals, drills and coaching workouts! Remember that the holiday is organized for children, not spectators and guests. Therefore, impromptu, lively, unconstrained communication is appropriate on it, and not a dialogue worked out and memorized according to the script with pre-learned answers of children. Rehearsals of surprise moments in the presence of the participants of the holiday are absolutely unacceptable. The absence of a sacrament, a miracle, designed for surprise, insight, delight, makes the holiday a boring event with a predetermined end.
Maintaining interest, creating a good festive mood is facilitated by the inclusion of a “surprise” moment in the content of the holiday - the unexpected appearance of Winter, Santa Claus, the Snow Maiden, funny buffoons, Neptune, Baba Yaga, Little Red Riding Hood, Dr. Aibolit and other fairy-tale characters. Their communication with children and guests of the holiday, participation in games, dances, awarding the winners of relay races and competitions enliven the holiday, draws attention to what is happening, gives children a lot of fun and joy, and remains in memory for a long time. In conclusion, the results of the holiday are summed up, awards are held, a general round dance, dances, and a parade of participants.
At the end, it is appropriate to hold a general game of medium mobility (preferably in a circle) such as "Mousetrap", "Carousel", organize a mass dance.
The course of the holiday must be entrusted to the host, who has the personal and professional qualities of a teacher-organizer. Experience tells us: 80% of the success of the holiday depends on the preparation and abilities of the presenter. He must be artistic, be able to manage a team of children, know and take into account their characteristics, change, if necessary, the scenario during the event and regulate the physical, mental and emotional stress. It is desirable that the leader was athletic and could, if necessary, perform this or that exercise.
If the holiday is of a massive nature, then the leader should have several assistants from among the educators or schoolchildren who will help arrange and clean up inventory, provide musical accompaniment, and present gifts.
You can make the task of the holiday easier by including two hosts in the script who are able to “insure” each other if an unforeseen situation arises.
Summing up, awarding. The most important outcome of the holiday is the joy of participation, victory, communication, joint activities.
At a holiday with a pronounced competitive orientation, it is important to evaluate the performance of individual participants or teams in a timely manner. To do this, a jury of three to five people is selected in advance and a scoreboard is placed in a conspicuous place. It can be traditional or unusual (for example, basketball baskets into which balls are thrown - one for each team victory). At the end, the points or balls earned by the team are counted. Another option for summing up the results can be building a tower from building material: whose tower is higher, he won, etc.
Summing up is necessary both in the course and at the end of the holiday. After each relay game, competition, the host himself can sum up and evaluate the physical and moral-volitional qualities of the teams as a whole and individual players. It is more reasonable to give the floor to the jury after two or three competitions, so as not to turn the holiday into continuous performances by adults.
A good impression of the event is created with its proper organizational completion, summing up, rewarding the participants. It is necessary to think over in advance the forms of rewarding children for the good performance of exercises, championship in relay races, resourcefulness and dexterity shown in attractions and fun games. It is important that there are no losers at the holiday, so that every child feels happy from participating in it. It is good if the winners are awarded, taking into account such mottos as “Everyone wins - no one loses”, “The main thing is not victory, but participation”, “Friendship wins”.
Awards, tokens of attention can be different: commemorative medals, pennants, badges, diplomas, emblems. They are used differently. So, the winners in each individual type of competition are awarded medals immediately after they are held, the rest of the children (participants) at the end of all types of competitions receive commemorative medals (souvenirs). Collective awards (to the whole team, group) are most expedient in the educational sense. They help to unite children, educate them in a sense of friendship. The winning team can be rewarded by being the first to go through the lap of honor, they are entrusted with lowering the competition flag. At the next sports festival (when it opens), the team raises the flag.
At a holiday where family teams participate, each competition is evaluated, awards can be made for the victory, both in individual competitions and for the victory of the team. The following forms of rewards are provided: the results of children in individual exercises (movements) are reflected on the screen of the competition, the winning teams are awarded diplomas, the teams participating in the holiday receive commemorative pennants. Awards for winners and participants can be the most unexpected. So, in honor of the winners, a song or dance is performed, the children-participants receive sweet prizes (they can also be awarded various medals of their own making). Children of primary preschool age present flowers to the winners. It is also necessary to note not only children, but also adults who took an active part in the preparation and conduct of the event.
For mass holidays you can make simple but cute souvenirs (balloon, apple, chocolate medal, etc.). Most importantly, every child should be rewarded regardless of the place he took.
Children share their impressions of the event in conversations with adults, in independent activities they repeat individual exercises, relay race games. Favorite episodes of the holiday are reflected in drawings, modeling and applications. Adults should be attentive to the emotional experiences of children associated with the holiday, maintain an interested attitude towards physical culture and sports, and in every possible way promote the involvement of children in useful outdoor activities.
Rewarding should be held solemnly and cheerfully. Pennants, emblems, souvenirs can be placed in the most honorable place in the group ( sports section, information stand for parents). If these are individual prizes and the children want to take them home, advise parents to find a place in the children's room (shelf, closet) where the prizes will be visible to everyone. Such a "victorious" corner is the pride of the child. Here you can also place photos, drawings on the theme "Our holiday". This will allow children to develop a strong interest in physical education, in their achievements in sports, which is one of the most important conditions for the formation of motivation. healthy lifestyle life.
II . The content of the experimental and practical part.
2.1 Drafting of sports holidays for children of senior preschool age
Project
"Introducing preschoolers to the origins of national culture
through sports holidays
Relevance of the project topic
The need to introduce the younger generation to the national culture is interpreted folk wisdom: our today, more than ever our past, also creates the traditions of the future. Our children should know well not only the history of the Russian state, but also the traditions of the national culture, realize, understand and actively participate in the revival of the national culture; self-realization as a person who loves his homeland, his people and everything related to folk culture: Russians folk dances, oral folklore, folk games that children love to play.
All this helped develop methodical project based on introducing children to the national culture through sports holidays in terms of subject and content: calendar, folklore, ritual, name days, etc. These holidays are held in accordance with the Christian calendar (Christmas, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Trinity, etc.). They are compiled on the basis of material accessible to children using folk games, fun, round dances, songs, attributes of national clothes, inventory. In the holidays, not only children can become active participants, but also their parents, schoolchildren, pupils of other kindergartens.
The use of folklore at sports festivals will not only improve the efficiency of the physical culture and health improvement process, but also have a positive impact on the state of health, the dynamics of physical fitness of preschoolers, and also form their interest in systematic physical education classes.
The main goals and objectives of the project:
1. Create a system of work to familiarize children with the origins of Russian folk culture through sports holidays.
2. Acquaintance of children with calendar, folk holidays, customs and traditions, folk games.
3. Involve parents (society) in the educational process through participation in sports holidays.
4. Create conditions for independent reflection of the acquired knowledge and skills by children.
5. Raise interest and love for Russian national culture, folk art, customs, traditions, rituals, folk calendar, to folk games, etc.
6. Use all kinds of folklore as the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children.
Approximate long-term plan of sports holidays
for older preschool children
| month |
Senior group |
| September |
Entertainment in folk games Volga region "I, you, he, she - a friendly game together" |
| October |
Celebration "Bogatyr games" (with children of preschool educational institution No. 48) |
| November |
Entertainment "Kuzminki for the summer wake" |
| December |
Entertainment "Gatherings on Pokrov" |
| January |
Holiday "We celebrate Christmas" |
| February |
"Feast of the Russian felt boots" (with parents) |
| March |
Celebration "Shrovetide dear" |
| April |
Entertainment "Laughter and fun" |
| Hiking with parents "Summer, summer, get out from under the cage" |
|
| June |
Celebration "Trinity - a girl's holiday" |
| July |
National Tatar holiday"Sabantuy" (with children of the Tatar school No. 22) |
| August |
Entertainment “Like at our gates - Spas!” |
Note: see the notes of the holidays in the appendix.
Expected results of work :
The use by children in motor activity of nursery rhymes, rhymes, riddles.
· Ability to play Russian folk outdoor games.
Knowledge of fairy tales and fairy-tale characters, the ability to apply them in various forms of physical education.
· Meaningful and active participation of children in Russian folk holidays and entertainment (they know the name of the holiday, play national games, fun games).
· Using the attributes of the Russian folk game in independent activities.
· Careful attitude to household items, works of folk art.
Conclusion
Thus, methodically correctly organized work on the preparation and holding of physical culture holidays is designed to satisfy the natural need of children to move and contribute to the timely mastery of motor skills and abilities, to form a positive self-esteem for themselves and the activities of their comrades.
Such work with preschool children is also valuable in that it creates conditions for emotional and psychological well-being, as it has a great influence on the development of the mind, education of character, will, morality, creates a certain spiritual mood, awakens interest in self-expression, contributes not only to better assimilation knowledge and skills, but also has a beneficial effect on the child's psyche.
Sports holidays are an effective form of organizing children's leisure, an effective means of promoting physical culture and sports. These events require careful preparation on the part of the teaching staff and the parent community, chefs, and the children themselves. Holidays should become traditional.
During physical education holidays, children get the opportunity to be more active, independent and initiative in actions. This opens up another important aspect: there is no need to give children temporal and spatial reference points.
The practice of work convinces us that for effective work with children, a well-thought-out system of training a physical education instructor and educators, close contact with the pedagogical and medical staff and family.
Teachers of preschool institutions need to improve the methods of pedagogical propaganda, involve parents in an active educational process so that the knowledge they gain is embodied in specific work on the physical education of children.
Parents should show great interest in ensuring that active recreation for children is provided for in the regime of a preschool institution. The family largely determines the attitude of children to physical culture, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. This is facilitated by emotionally close communication between children and parents in different situations and their naturally arising joint activity.
List of sources used
1. Aksenova Z.F. sports holidays in kindergarten. - M .: ARKTI, 2000. 90 p.
2. Bocharova N. Physical culture and sports holidays in kindergarten: new approaches, methodological recommendations // Preschool education. 2004. No. 1. S. 46-51.
3. Kopukhova N.N., Ryzhkova L.A., Samodurova M.M. Physical education teacher in preschool institutions. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002. S. 198 - 199
4. Lysova V.Ya., Yakovleva T.S. Sports holidays and entertainment. - M.: ARKTI, 2000. S. 3 -4
5. Runova M.A. Motor activity of the child in kindergarten. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2000. 12 p.
6. Osokina T.I., Timofeeva E.A. Organization and holding of sports holidays in a preschool institution. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 1987. 197 p.
7. Shebeko V.N., Ovsyankin V.A., Karmanova L.V. Physical training! - Minsk: "Enlightenment", 1997. 125 p.
8. Shumilova V.A. Sports and entertainment holidays in kindergarten. - Mozyr, LLC Publishing House "White Wind", 2002. 70 p.
Attachment 1
Sports holiday
"BOGATYR GAMES"
(for children senior group DOW No…. and DOW No. ......)
Target:
1. Development in children of interest in sports,
2. Implementation of the relationship of physical culture with folk traditions, with oral folklore.
3. Formation of sustainable motor skills and abilities, development of physical qualities (speed, agility, strength, endurance, flexibility).
4. Strengthening the spiritual state and physical health.
5. Development of curiosity; to bring to the consciousness of their pupils that they are the bearers of folk culture.
Attributes: 3 skittles and 1 "horse" per team, rope, 2 helmets, 2 shields, 2 swords, 2 hoops or 2 "pants for two", 2 wooden spoons, 2 eggs,
Registration: the hall is decorated in Russian folk style. Children with swords, in heroic helmets, dressed in shirts, belted with sashes, the “voivode” is a child in a red cape, the presenters are in Russian folk costume, the jury is in kokoshniks.
On the table at the jury - rejuvenating apples or a loaf (the main prize).
Members: 2 teams of 7 people, presenters, jury members - 2-3 people, Baba Yaga.
Entertainment progress
To the song "Our heroic strength ..." 2 squads in heroic clothes enter the hall.
1st leader.
Oh you beautiful girls
And good fellows!
We invite you to the heroic games
Gather quickly, good guests!
Please, guests
Welcome!
2nd leader. Good afternoon, dear guests. Our boys have grown up and become strong and brave. Well, why not the heroes? I propose to arrange a heroic competition today - let the boys show us their dexterity, strength and gallant prowess. In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, in the Russian land, you will see the games of glorious squads. Let's stand, heroes opposite each other, and introduce ourselves before a serious competition. Today, 2 squads participate on the sports ground.
1st leader.
As in a glorious city, yes in Dimitrovgrad,
In kindergarten ….. and …..
Yes in senior groups
Lived, were, did not grieve
Everyone went to gym
14 glorious fellows,
All beauties are beyond words!
Command presentation.
Please do not spare your hands and support our squads.
2nd leader.
Jury presentation.
I propose to judge our competition to the wisest Vasilis the Wise.
I once decided
Home Vasilisa to issue such a decree...
Word to the chief judge of the competition - head
Home Vasilisa: is reading
Decree
Razudal good fellows!
Get together in glorious squads!
Show your heroic strength and valiant daring!
Amuse us with a firm hand and a keen eye!
And before the start of the test, I command you to take an oath!
Children pronounce an oath, repeating the words after the princess.
The oath
We promise to fight in a fair fight!
Don't leave a friend in need!
Let us not disgrace the Russian land!
Home Vasilisa :
Fun fun here
All the people will be made laugh
You won't get bored
Time for the game to start.
Well, heroes, attention,
Let's start the competition!
1st leader. What is a hero without a horse? Now we will see how our fellows can stay in the saddle.
Do not keep the heroes,
They jumped on the horses!
Here are the obstacles on the way!
They are hard to get around!
Gotta jump hard
But don't break the barriers!
1 task.
Boys jump on hops or "horses" between pins.
Each participant is given a "horse" (a stick with a horse's head).
2nd leader. And now we must make sure that you are indeed heroes.
2 task.
You need to put on a helmet, take a sword and shield and say: "I am a hero"
1st leader. And now we will check your strength - heroic.
3 task.
Pull the rope (without the captain-voivode).
Governor competition.
Arm wrestling competition.
2nd leader.
And the beautiful girls
Sing great masters.
While our heroes are resting, our beautiful girls will amuse them with funny ditties.
Chastushki
1st leader. Here is a log, and here are the bags,
Get out, guys.
The one who will knock down with a bag,
That winning score will take.
4 task.
Pillow fight.
Hitting the opponent with a pillow, you need to push him off the log. For each victory, the jury awards a victory point.
2nd leader. For a long time, heroes fought with evil spirits. Can you remember who they are? (children's answers). They imprisoned all the Helens the Beautiful in Russia in their dungeons. We need to rescue them.
All barriers have been conquered
The heroes all set off on their way.
disturbing music sounds
But alas, it wasn't there.
Everything suddenly swirled like a whirlwind!
Serpent Gorynych three-headed
Met on the way
Don't look for salvation here!
5 task.
Three-Headed Serpent Gorynych.
Running threesome in a hoop.
1st leader.
You defeated the snake!
He fell into a big ravine,
Immediately fell to the ground,
There he took his last breath,
Yes, and immediately died ...
And for such joy
The boys are jumping home.
disturbing music sounds
There is only one problem -
There are Koschey, but no eggs!
What to do, how to be here
How can we get his death?!
Decided not to waste time
They began to look for his death!
What is the death of Koshcheev? (children's answers).
6 task.
Transfer the egg to the spoon.
2nd leader.
Suddenly a swamp on the way
Do not pass, do not pass
This is Grandma Yaga
lured you here.
Grandmother-Ezhka runs out with a net.
Mobile game with the network "Traps"
Both teams are playing. The result - Baba Yaga did not catch anyone, and the children entangled her with a net.
Baba Yaga.
Oh-oh-oh, I surrender , Help,
Let go of your grandmother.
I will do everything for you -
At least I'll show you the way to the dungeons now.
In order to get into the dungeons to unclean forces, one must go through a swamp, jump over mountains, climb through a tunnel.
7 task. Final relay.
Go over the bumps, jump over the barrier, climb into the tunnel.
1st leader. Well, well done heroes! They showed their valiant prowess and heroic strength. They freed Mother Russia from evil spirits and released all Elena the Beautiful.
That's where the suffering ends
Yes, big challenges!
And with the desired victory
Knights are going home.
Praise their people honest!
And the beautiful girls
Sing great masters
They are met at the gate
And start a round dance.
Perform Russian folk dance.
The results of the competition "BOGATYR GAMES" are summed up
Home Vasilisa :
Congratulations guys!
You deserve an award!
Present day
Try to remember
And keep it in your heart.
You are strong, you are brave
And the treacherous enemy
Afraid to approach you.
And there is more in life
big things,
Where is your honor
I didn't call for myself
You boldly go
Get your spear ready!
Fight for your loved ones
For your happiness!
Boys are awarded with a diploma and rejuvenating apples.
General photo for memory.
1st leader.
Now it's time to say goodbye
Our speech will be short.
Together.
We say goodbye to you
Until happy new meetings!
What to do with a preschooler in the summer is a headache for many working parents. Most of the municipal kindergartens are closed for the summer, and the children are out of work. Working mom and dad often leave kids in the care of grandparents. But what if there is no such possibility? In this case, summer kindergartens come to the aid of parents. Often, this pleasure is not free, but a huge plus is that you don’t have to worry about the baby: he will be in business, dressed, fed and supervised.
Summer groups in a private kindergarten
Summer kindergartens are usually private. This is a kind of service provided by private gardens, child development centers, etc. Summer groups in kindergarten, small: up to 10 people. The estimated cost of a summer visit to such kindergartens in Moscow, taking into account five meals a day and the time the children stay from 8:00 to 20:00:
- for a calendar month (from 1 to 30/31) - from 26,000 to 37,000 rubles;
- for a non-calendar month (from July 14 to August 15) - 31,000 rubles;
- a calendar month for half a day will cost from 13,000 to 23,000 rubles;
- there is a trial week service (5 working days) - from 9,000 to 15,000 rubles;
- a week for ½ day - 9,000 rubles;
- many kindergartens work in shifts - 2 weeks. The average cost of a shift is 21,000 rubles.
Each private summer kindergarten offers a lot of summer classes. Basically, these are outdoor games. Main destinations and special offers:
- English teaching;
- music lessons;
- all kinds of games with sand and water;
- outdoor games;
- study of environment, plant care;
- excursions;
- various weeks of good deeds, fairy tales, art, etc.;
- there are special offers: soap making, exercise therapy, plasticine animation, plastic modeling, sand drawings, etc.
Summer groups in municipal kindergartens
Municipal kindergartens can also function in the summer. Due to the reduction in the number of groups and according to the vacation schedule, in the summer several groups are combined into one. Information about whether the summer group of the kindergarten that your child attends will operate can be obtained from the head and write an application for a visit. Summer activities in the kindergarten, which is under the care of the state, are similar to those held in private kindergartens. There is also a preference for outdoor games, knowledge of the world, outdoor games, etc.
Summer kindergartens
The summer garden-cottage is an analogue of summer camps. The main advantage of such gardens is that they are located outside the city limits. The number of children in the group is very small - an average of 6 people. Living conditions in kindergarten-cottage depend on the institution. Some gardens offer a swimming pool for children as an alternative to a natural pond. For an additional fee, a child can study English.
The average cost of visiting such kindergartens is 1000 - 1200 rubles. per day. Overnight stay.
For a baby in such gardens they can offer:
- outdoor walks, games and competitions;
- hiking in the forest and on the river (lake);
- a variety of evening activities typical for camps: board games, reading books, watching movies.
What you need to get into summer kindergarten
To enroll in a kindergarten, you need to call the head and leave a statement confirming the desire for the child to attend the summer group. You need to apply as early as possible, otherwise there is a risk of being faced with an answer about the lack of vacancies.
To attend the summer kindergarten you need to have:
- child's medical record;
- change of shoes and clothes, as there are often games with sand and water;
- pajamas for sleeping and a comb;
- personal hygiene items (toothbrush, soap, shampoo) if the child goes to a kindergarten;
- some kindergartens may require rubber boots and an umbrella for walking in rainy weather.
In the heat, be sure to wear a hat on the child. Preference should be given to not bright synthetic things, but light clothes from natural fabrics. Do not buy or dress your child in t-shirts or dresses with a rubberized pattern because they are not breathable. Shoes need to be given special attention. It should be made of natural materials, of high quality, sized and securely fixing the foot.