Psychological reasons for the emergence of conflicts in a young family. Causes of family conflicts. The main causes of conflicts in a young family

03.05.2019

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Introduction

Chapter I. Conflicts in a young family

1.1 What is family

1.2 The concept of family conflicts and the reasons for their occurrence

1.3 Ways to prevent and resolve family conflicts

Chapter II. Empirical research causes of conflicts in young families

2.1 Organization and conduct of research

2.2 Analysis and interpretation of results

Conclusion

Bibliography

Applications

Introduction

The relevance of research. Every year millions of families are created in our country, which are to grow stronger and stronger. A young family is considered a family with or without children with a marriage experience of up to 5 years and the age of spouses not older than 30 years. There are about 18% of such families in our country. The well-being and strength of these families is an important social problem.

In the initial period of family life, the formally proclaimed marriage union turns into a truly family unit. Young family - difficult time creating common needs, interests, attitudes, tastes and habits. In other words, it is necessary to create a system of “we” from two different “I's”. This is not an easy task. The strength of the marriage, the creation of a favorable climate for the further development of family relations, largely depends on how young spouses will be able to adapt, master new roles, create an atmosphere of mutual understanding and respect.

Young marriages are characterized by the initial entry into each other's world, the distribution of labor and responsibilities in the family, the solution of housing, financial and problems related to the maintenance of a common household and everyday life, entering the role of husband and wife, deformation of the personality, the process of acquiring life experience, growing up and maturity ... And with the advent of a child, the tension of the time budget, a sharp restriction of entertainment, rest, leisure, an increase in physical and nervous fatigue. In this regard, they have significantly limited opportunities for professional growth, for the realization of their interests. This period of marriage life is the most difficult and dangerous from the point of view of family stability. A large part of young families break up at the very beginning of the joint married life... Statistics show that about 2/3 of divorces occur among couples with up to five years of marriage.

The object of the research is a young family.

The subject of the research is the causes of conflicts in a young family.

The aim of the research is to study the causes of conflicts in young families.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

Consider the concept of family conflicts and the reasons for their occurrence;

Consider ways to prevent and resolve family conflicts;

Identify the causes of conflicts in young families.

Hypothesis - we assume that conflicts in modern young families are mainly caused by economic problems.

Research methods: literature analysis, test and survey.

Number of respondents: 16.

psychological family conflict

Chapter 1. Conflicts in a young family

A family- This is a unit of society, a group of relatives, sometimes living together, but unambiguously communicating with each other. Each individual family is an equal union of a woman and a man, implying mutual obligations and responsibilities.

1.1 What is family

In the narrow sense a family- this is a husband, wife and their children. This is every single family. In the broadest sense of the word, a family is the same husband, wife and children, plus parents on both sides, grandparents, and so on. That is, in this case, a family is a genus united by one (or several) surnames.

The family is the most important value in the lives of many people living in modern society. Every member of society, besides social status, ethnicity, property and material status, from the moment of birth to the end of life has such a characteristic as family and marital status. For a child, a family is an environment in which the conditions for his physical, mental, emotional, and intellectual development are directly formed. For an adult, a family is a source of satisfaction for a number of his needs and a small team that makes various and rather complex requirements for him. At the stages of a person's life cycle, his functions and status in the family change sequentially.

To designate a family or pedigree, the Latin word "surname" is used, which in Russian primarily means "a common name for family members", is traditionally considered the main purpose of creating a family.

The family is a whole organization of relationships between people; she can acquire various forms... The quality of the forms will depend on the representation, on the constituent parts that will inhabit this state. Therefore, the problems differ in the degree of their resolution. There are two sides to be responsible for family relationships: both the husband and the wife. And since the family is a living organism, its evolution is inevitable. Like any form of organization, the family has its own laws, rules of coexistence. They are different for men and women. Recently, the cause of many troubles in the family is a woman. It is on her behavior that the outcome of events in the relationship depends. The desire to find answers to exciting questions is her main task in achieving well-being in the family. Family life needs to be learned. And if the girl was not prepared for this by her parents, then in the future a great loss of time and energy is possible. In a family, each of its members is both a student and a teacher, as this is a creative process. And the connection itself is the next step in learning how to relate to yourself and your environment. At the very first stages of the development of such interaction, there is a large share of aggression and jealousy. All this happens because everyone here strives for power, for monopoly, for superiority. Thus, the family is a social group that has a historically defined organization, whose members are connected by marriage or kinship relations (as well as by the relationship of taking children into foster care), community of life, mutual moral responsibility, and the social necessity of which is due to the need of society for physical and spiritual reproduction of the population.

1.2 The concept of family conflicts and the reasons for their occurrence

People who are starting a family strive to satisfy a complex of needs - in love, in children, in experiencing common joys, in understanding, in communication. However, the formation of a family is not only the realization of the ideal ideas about marriage that the future spouses have. This is the real life of two, and then several people, in all its complexity and diversity; it includes continuous negotiations, agreements, compromises and, of course, overcoming difficulties, resolving conflicts that exist in every family.

The family can be viewed from two main positions: as a small social group and as a social institution. In the first case, we can talk about the socio-psychological (emotional-psychological), and in the second, about the sociological (instrumental) levels of group communication. Proceeding from this, the first group of conflicts will be determined mainly by the personal qualities of the spouses and the peculiarities of intra-family relations. The second is the influence of external subjective - objective conditions on marital relations. In everyday family life, distinguish internal reasons conflicts from outside can be difficult. The same external influences can sometimes cause diametrically opposite reactions in different married couples. For example, difficult financial and living conditions for one family can cause constant conflicts and even divorce, and for another - one of the main factors in strengthening family ties. Sometimes the spouses themselves do not fully understand real reasons conflicts.

New, very complex image life, the burden of family responsibilities, the unsettled life and other things associated with the beginning of a life together turn out to be an unexpected, unpleasant, and sometimes unbearable burden for many married couples. The fact that this is the case is evidenced by the authoritative opinions of A. Kharchev and V. Matskovsky, who, among the main causes of family conflicts and divorces in young families, include the attitude toward marriage as something easy. This attitude manifests itself in the following four factors: 1) unpreparedness of young people for a sharp change in their way of life; 2) the complexity of relations between generations; 3) hedonistic attitude towards marriage (when only pleasant surprises are expected from him); 4) lack of preparation for the implementation of the entire range of functions required by the family.

Family conflicts are usually associated with the desire of people to satisfy certain needs or create conditions for their satisfaction without taking into account the interests of the partner. A conflict, as a rule, is generated not by one, but by a complex of reasons, among which the main reason can be distinguished quite conditionally.

So, V. A. Sysenko singled out the following reasons marital conflicts:

1. dissatisfaction with the need for the value and significance of one's “I”, violation of the sense of dignity on the part of the other partner;

2. dissatisfaction with the sexual needs of one of the spouses;

3. dissatisfaction with the need of one or both spouses for positive emotions: lack of affection, tenderness, care, attention and understanding;

4. addiction of one of the spouses to alcoholic beverages, gambling, drugs;

5. financial disagreements between spouses: issues of mutual budget, family maintenance, contribution of each partner to her financial situation;

6.dissatisfaction with the need for mutual assistance, mutual support, cooperation on the division of labor in the family, household, raising children, in relation to parents and so on;

7. different needs and interests in recreation and leisure, disagreements in hobbies.

Of course, this classification does not cover the entire variety of marital conflicts, but it makes it possible to systematize the main ones. Let's look at some of these conflicts.

One of the most common psychological problems in young spouses is the problem of interaction with parental families. It can be generated to a greater extent by one of the spouses or parents.

In the first case, insufficient maturity of one of the young people, his emotional dependence on parental family does not allow the formation of a normal marital system. Many young people do not immediately realize that now they must resolve all problems, difficulties, and controversial issues with each other, and not with their parents.

In the second case, the problem comes from parents who find it difficult to reduce the degree of their participation in the life of a grown child. It can be difficult for them to give up the idea of helping, even if the young do not really need it. At the same time, the expectations of children and parents regarding the balance of providing and receiving help and gratitude may not coincide.

The young couple must establish a territory that is relatively independent of parental influence, and the parents, in turn, need to change the way they interact with their children after they have started a family of their own.

According to sociologists, the origins of many conflicts in young families should be sought in the struggle for domination in the family. Moreover, the attitude towards leadership concerns not only the purely everyday problems of marriage (how to spend money, where to spend vacations, etc.), but, in fact, the whole complex of relationships between husband and wife.

Even before marriage, each person has his own ideas about what family life should be, what responsibilities spouses should have. But the emerging family relations often come into conflict with what the future spouses expected from family life. Conflicts based on the division of labor, inconsistencies in the system - mutual rights and responsibilities in the family are sometimes an insoluble problem for young spouses.

Any socio-economic difficulties of the family: lack of their own housing, low wages, lack of provision with kindergartens and nurseries - are reflected in the mental well-being of the spouses, and ultimately on their relationship.

All young spouses, regardless of their security, have financial problems. Beginners in family life need to learn how to balance their desires with opportunities, expenses - with income, that is, create a model of planning and distribution of the family budget that satisfies them.

A lot of quarrels, grievances and misunderstandings arise from differences in views on spending free time.

If the spouses recognize each other the right to a kind of temporary separate pastime as a kind of rest from constant contact with each other, then there will be fewer conflicts in their lives. In modern life, intense, full of many events, people need a variety of rest, including outside the family. Such rest is extremely necessary for everyone, but it will be full when complete mutual understanding and trust have been established between the spouses.

If there is no trust, a feeling of jealousy arises, which brings a lot of trouble into family life. A laconic and rather clear definition of jealousy can be found in V. Dahl's explanatory dictionary: "Jealousy is a blind and passionate distrust, an agonizing doubt about someone's love or fidelity."

Psychologists say that a healthy feeling of jealousy, jealousy in small doses is a necessary component of love. But the manifestation of jealousy already depends on general level human culture, from feelings dignity, the ability to manage their emotions.

The reasons and reasons for the emergence of conflict situations become much greater with the appearance of a child in the family. The spouses have new difficult responsibilities for caring for the child, raising him. In this regard, they have significantly limited opportunities for professional growth, for the realization of their interests. There may be clashes of views between spouses and their parents on raising a child. During this period, the wife's fatigue associated with caring for the child can lead to temporary disharmony in sexual relations.

Thus, we examined the most common causes of conflicts in young families in the literature: the complexity of relations between generations, claims to leadership, separation of household chores, economic problems, leisure activities, jealousy and the appearance of a child in the family. To what extent this corresponds to real life, the corresponding empirical research will show us.

1.3 Ways to prevent and resolve family conflicts

Sociologists point out that "marriages that are free from conflict from the beginning do not really exist." Happy families are distinguished not by the absence or low frequency of conflicts, but by their shallow depth and comparative painlessness and inconsistency. Each resolved conflict enhances mutual understanding, mutual respect and increases concern for each other.

It should be noted that not every marital conflict has a negative meaning. There are conflicts that help spouses develop common positions on controversial issues, learn and take into account each other's needs and interests. Of course, the best way to resolve marital conflicts is to prevent them from arising.

Many works have been devoted to the problem of preventing marital conflicts (V. Vladin, D. Kapustin, I. Dorno, A. Egides, V. Levkovich, Yu. Ryurikov). Most of them boil down to the following:

Respect for yourself and others;

Constructive resolution, the expression of errors, negative emotions, grievances and the like, and not their accumulation inside oneself;

Refusal to use sexual reprimands against a partner;

Negative remarks about a partner in the presence of other people, strangers, and especially children are not allowed;

Adequate assessment own abilities and merits, the ability to admit one’s wrong, if the situation requires it;

Trust in a partner, minimizing feelings of jealousy;

Attentiveness towards a partner, the ability to listen and hear him;

Striving to maintain your physical attractiveness, health, work on your own shortcomings;

It is impossible to generalize all the shortcomings of a partner and consider his personality as negative in everything; it is necessary in a conversation to point out specific shortcomings, specific unacceptable behavior in a specific situation, and not in general;

Respect for the interests and hobbies of the partner;

Refusal of the desire to always and everywhere point to the truth, the ability to understand in what situation, however, will be perceived inadequately, will be superfluous;

Refusal to constantly spend time together, each partner has his own personal boundaries, the ability to take a break from each other.

To prevent conflicts, it is important to know not only what needs to be done, but also how to achieve the development of a problem situation in a constructive direction. A pre-conflict situation usually does not arise suddenly, but gradually. It is important to determine in time that the emotional intensity of the dispute exceeds the permissible level, and competently stop it. To do this, each of the spouses needs to know the peculiarities of the manifestation of each other's characters and together learn to manage them.

There is only one way to resolve family problems, conflict situations, get rid of resentment - this is the communication of spouses, the ability to talk to each other and hear each other. A protracted, unresolved conflict, quarrel, as a rule, hides an inability to communicate. By which we mean not only what should and should not be said, but also how should and how should not be said.

Another source of difficulties in communication, especially in conflict situations, is the inability to express and express your feelings and experiences. The surest and most productive way of expressing negative experiences is through conversation. First, there is a real opportunity to be understood, and your spouse has a desire to share their experiences with you. Secondly, when a person talks about his experiences, describes them in words, he himself begins to better understand and evaluate them. Disagreements are inevitable in life together, especially at the beginning of it. The main thing is to understand that problems arise not because of our disagreements (they always exist), but because of the way they are discussed. It is one thing when each side listens to the opinion of the other, finds common points, and quite another, when the proof of their innocence comes down to shouting and threats.

Depending on the means chosen by the spouses to resolve the conflict, he can fulfill both destructive and constructive roles. The means that destroy family relationships include insults, humiliation of human dignity, the desire to teach a lesson, offend, to blame each other for the conflict. As a result, mutual respect disappears, and conjugal interaction becomes an unpleasant duty. In the second case, when the conflict plays a constructive role, the spouses tend to choose means that help to clarify the causes of conflicts, look for them, primarily in their actions and deeds, and express mutual willingness to change the existing relationship. Possessing constructive methods for resolving conflicts, one can find a way out of the most seemingly hopelessly contradictory clashes, and, conversely, if one does not know how to properly conduct a conflict, the smallest pretext can lead to serious consequences.

A constructive resolution of the conflict can occur only if between partners, it is possible, to establish relations, the ability to make concessions. The conditions for the constructive end of the conflict are:

Refusal to achieve victory at any cost, the ability to make compromises;

Respect for a partner, regardless of what he is to blame and what he deserves;

Finding out the true causes of anxiety, worries and confrontations;

Refusal of maximalism and categoricalness in manifesting one's position, the ability to listen to the position of another;

Inadmissibility of drawing other people into a marital conflict - parents, relatives, friends and especially children, manipulation, blackmail of a partner with the help of children is inadmissible.

So, in order to preserve love, young spouses need to master the culture of argument and conflict resolution, which consists in the ability, on the one hand, to express their opinion reasonably without raising their voices or offending their partner, and on the other hand, in the ability to admit that the other is right, the ability to obey this correctness.

Thus, in the course of writing the first chapter, we examined the following causes of conflict in young families: the complexity of relations between generations, claims to leadership, separation of household chores, economic problems, leisure activities, jealousy and the appearance of a child in the family. And knowing the reasons that contribute to the emergence of conflicts between spouses, you can justify the conditions for their prevention. It is respect for oneself and another; expression of errors, negative emotions, grievances that have appeared, and not their accumulation inside oneself; trust and attentiveness in relation to a partner, the ability to listen and hear him.

It is important not so much to be able to prevent conflicts as to effectively resolve them in a constructive direction. And a constructive resolution of the conflict can occur only if between the spouses, it is possible, to improve relations, the ability to make concessions. Mutual concessions are the most important condition and way to create a friendly and strong family.

Chapter II. An empirical study of the causes of conflict in young people families

2.1 Organization and conduct of research

The psychology of all people, without exception, differs in some essential way, and these differences inevitably begin to manifest themselves in the intra-family relationships of people, especially in the first months and years of the family's existence. Due to such differences between family members, contradictions, quarrels and even conflicts arise that spouses have to resolve.

The aim of our research was to study the causes of conflicts in a young family.

It was assumed that conflicts in modern young families are mainly driven by economic problems.

The aim of the study was to identify the causes of conflicts in young families. Based on the analysis of the literature, we examined the following causes of conflicts in young families: the complexity of relations between generations, claims to leadership, separation of household chores, economic problems, leisure activities, jealousy and the appearance of a child in the family.

Subjects: 10 young families with a marriage experience of up to five years and the age of spouses not older than 30 took part in our study. To determine whether these criteria were met, young families were asked about the length of their marriage and the age of the spouses.

To study conflicts in young families, we used two methods:

1. Methodology "Interaction of spouses in a conflict situation" Yu. E.

Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, E. M. Dubovskaya. The results obtained using this technique make it possible to characterize the surveyed family by a number of parameters: the most conflict-prone spheres of family relations, the degree of agreement (or disagreement) in conflict situations, the level of conflict in a couple (see Appendix 1).

2) Test "Self-assessment of constructive interaction in marital relations" (see Appendix 2).

The analysis of existing works on the problems of family psychology allowed the authors of the methodology "Interaction of spouses in a conflict situation" to identify eight spheres of family life, which most often cause interpersonal conflicts between spouses.

1. Problems of relations with relatives and friends.

2. Issues related to the upbringing of children.

3. Manifestation of the spouses' desire for autonomy.

4. Situations of violation of role expectations.

5. Situations of misalignment of norms of behavior.

6. Manifestation of dominance by spouses.

7. Manifestation of jealousy by spouses.

8. Discrepancies in relation to money.

The parameters for describing a person's behavior in a conflict situation were activity (or passivity) in a conflict situation, agreement (or disagreement) with an interaction partner.

The methodology represents 22 verbally described situations of family interaction, which are of a conflict nature. For the answer, the subjects are offered a scale of possible reactions, which contains two signs: the activity or passivity of the reaction and agreement or disagreement with the spouse (that is, the positivity or negativity of the reaction).

The scale is designed so that one pole (left) constitutes an active expression of disagreement, followed by a passive expression of disagreement, neutral behavior, passive expression of consent, and finally the other pole (right) constitutes an active expression of agreement. :

¦ -1. I disagree (disagree) with what he (she) does and says in this situation, I demonstrate my displeasure, but I avoid discussion.

¦ 0. I do nothing, I don’t show my attitude, I look forward to further developments.

¦ +1. In general, I agree with what he (she) says, but I do not consider it necessary to express my attitude.

¦ +2. I fully agree with what she (he) does and says in this situation, actively support her (him) and approve.

Before filling out the questionnaire, the subjects are given following instruction: “Relations between spouses are quite enough, there are often misunderstandings, clashes of interests, contradictions. You are offered (given below) enough typical situations, the same or almost the same, the same arises in each pair. Probably, he also visited you. Please select the option from the proposed answers (see the scale), which is the closest to how you behave in such situations. You should not think too long about the choice of answer, since, in in this case there can be no right or wrong answers. Mark on the answer sheet the number of the option that seemed most suitable to you, and move on to the next situation. All answers will be kept confidential. "

The subjects are offered situations typical for married couples, to which it is necessary to react as in life.

When working with the technique, you must use two different options- for the husband and wife, as the general option may cause misunderstanding and confusion among the respondent.

In the methodology "Self-assessment of constructive interaction in marital relations" it is proposed to analyze and evaluate on a five-point scale their behavior in interaction with a spouse according to 15 positions presented in the matrix. The readiness of spouses for constructive interaction in marital relations is assessed

2.2 Analysis and interpretation of results

When analyzing the results of the methodology "Interaction of spouses in a conflict situation", all situations are grouped into eight blocks (scales) (see Table 1).

The results of the methodology are obtained by calculating the general index (the arithmetic mean of the answers for all situations of the methodology), as well as private indices for the blocks (the arithmetic mean for each block).

Index values range from -2 to +2. A negative value of the indices speaks of “negative” reactions of the respondent in conflict situations, a positive value - of “positive” reactions. Values in the range from -1 to +1 emphasize the passive nature of the subject's behavior in family conflicts, and those close to +2 or -2 about the active position in these situations. Blocks (scales) of the methodology "Interaction of spouses in a conflict situation"

Table 1

Block name	Situation no.
1. Relationship with family and friends
2. Raising children
3. Exercise of autonomy by one of the spouses
4. Breaking role expectations
5. Mismatching norms of behavior
6. Manifestation of dominance by one of the spouses
7. Manifestation of jealousy
8. Disagreements about money

Among the couples surveyed by us, the first place in terms of conflict is occupied by relations with relatives and friends (-0.7). In second place are the following blocks:

1. upbringing of children (-0.6);

2. violation of role expectations (-0.6);

3. manifestation of dominance by one of the spouses (-0.6).

In third place in terms of conflict is the manifestation of autonomy by one of the spouses (-0.5).

Our research was aimed at testing the hypothesis that conflicts in modern young families are mainly caused by economic problems. And disagreements about money rank only fourth (-0.4). Hence, the hypothesis was not confirmed.

In addition, situations can be divided into two groups on the basis of the “perpetrator of the conflict”. We put the word “guilt” in quotation marks, since we are not talking about real guilt in the conflict (which is often difficult to identify at all), but about a reason for a quarrel. In situations No. 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, the spouse who works with the methodology is “to blame" for the conflict, and in situations No. 1, 2, 3 , 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21 such an occasion was given by his spouse.

According to the results of the study, the spouse who works with the methodology (husbands -0.2, wives -0.3) is to a lesser extent “to blame” for the occurrence of a conflict, and to a greater extent the reason given by his spouse (husbands -0.6 , wife -0.7).

The data obtained make it possible to talk about the general level of conflict in pairs. The closer the value of the general index is to -2, the more conflicting nature is the interaction of spouses. Our general index is -0.7, which indicates that the general level of conflict in the studied pairs is closer to the average.

According to the results of the methodology "Self-assessment of constructive interaction in marital relations", the level of readiness for constructive interaction in marital relations among the studied couples is average - 3.56, which indicates that the likelihood of conflicts with a spouse is quite high.

In addition, the technique allows you to identify the level of conflict in couples according to the following indicators: jealousy and leisure activities. The general index in relation to jealousy is 3.25, and to leisure - 3.75, which indicates a high probability of conflicts in these indicators.

Thus, this study involved 10 young families with a marriage experience of up to five years and the age of spouses not older than 30 years.

Two techniques were used:

1. Methodology “Interaction of spouses in a conflict situation” by Yu. E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, EM Dubovskaya.

2. Test "Self-assessment of constructive interaction in marital relations"

1. The first place in terms of conflict among the surveyed couples is occupied by relations with relatives and friends (-0.7). In second place are the following blocks: 1) upbringing of children (-0.6); 2) violation of role expectations (-0.6); 3) manifestation of dominance by one of the spouses (-0.6). In third place in terms of conflict is the manifestation of autonomy by one of the spouses (-0.5).

2. The hypothesis that conflicts in modern young families are mainly caused by economic problems has not been confirmed. Disagreements about money rank only fourth (-0.4).

3. According to the results of the study, the spouse who works with the methodology (husbands -0.2, wives -0.3) is to a lesser extent “to blame” for the occurrence of a conflict, and to a greater extent the reason given by his spouse (husbands -0 , 6, wives -0.7).

4. The general level of conflict in the studied couples is -0.7, which is closer to the average. And the readiness for constructive interaction in marital relations is average level- 3.56, which indicates that the likelihood of conflicts with a spouse is quite high.

Conclusion

The period of the young family is distinguished by all researchers without exception precisely from the position of many problems of a psychological and everyday nature, which often destroy the family at the initial stage of its formation. A considerable part of young families break up at the very beginning of their married life.

From the very first steps of married life, it should be remembered that a different approach to solving life problems is not a reason for creating conflict situations. If the conflict is still ripe, it is necessary, without aggravating the quarrel, without unnecessary emotions, to resolve it constructively. It all depends on the ability to be tactful and diplomatic, on the ability to compromise.

Our study involved 16 young families with a marriage experience of up to five years and the age of spouses not older than 30 years.

Among the couples we surveyed, the first place in terms of conflict is occupied by relations with relatives and friends. The transition from life in a parental family to an independent one very often entails conflicts between representatives of the older generation and young spouses. Moreover, they arise both between newlyweds living separately and their parents, and between those who continue to live together.

Each person has his own friends, his friends, old and recent, close and distant. And if the friends of the husband and wife find a common language, if they are interested in each other, this is very good. But this is not always the case.

In second place are the following reasons: 1) raising children; 2) violation of role expectations; 3) manifestation of dominance by one of the spouses.

The birth of a child is a serious challenge for many families. After the birth of a child, spouses have to change the entire structure of relationships, habits that have already developed within the family, and the entire way of family life created by him. In addition to their previous roles as spouses, they take on the roles of mother and father. This restructuring does not always go smoothly.

Conflicts over violation of role expectations arise as a result of spouses' ambiguous understanding of the roles of husband-wife, mother-father, owner-hostess, man-woman, head of the family and ambiguous ideas about the use of a particular family role by each partner.

A wife or husband (or both) can be formed by leaders before marriage. Maintaining such positions in marriage is fraught with conflict. The way out of this situation will be mutual discussion and refusal of claims to leadership, loyalty to the alternative opinion of the other partner, joint solution of family issues.

In third place in terms of conflict is the manifestation of autonomy by one of the spouses. It is not easy to come from two formed “I” to one “We”. However, a patient attitude to each other's habits, joint patient work on oneself will create conditions for conflict-free interaction in later life.

The general level of conflict in the studied pairs is closer to the average. And the level of readiness for constructive interaction is average, which indicates that the likelihood of conflicts with a spouse is quite high.

The data obtained in the study can be used to prepare proposals for providing assistance to conflict young families in the process of counseling them by psychologists.

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22. Tseluyko VM Psychology of the modern family. - M .: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2004 .-- 288 p.

23. Shuman S. G., Shuman V. P. Conflicts in a young family: causes, ways of elimination. - Minsk: Universitetskoe, 1989 .-- 80 p.

24. Encyclopedia of a young family. G.I. Gerasimovich and others - Minsk: BelSE, 1991 .-- 703 p.

25. Yakovleva G. V. Newlyweds. - Mn .: Nar. light. - 1989 .-- 96 p.

Annex 1

Test "The nature of the interaction of spouses in a conflict situation"

Yu. E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, E. M. Dubovskoy

Method text

Option for women

1. You invited your relatives to visit. The husband, knowing this, unexpectedly returned home late. This upset you, and after the guests leave, you express your disappointment to your husband, but he cannot understand the reasons for the dissatisfaction. You...

2. The husband has promised many times to do something around the house, but still he hasn't done anything. You…

3. You have been queuing at the store for a long time. The saleswoman was distracted all the time, rude to buyers. When it was your turn, the husband, in your opinion, too sharply began to speak to her. You are unpleasantly surprised by his tone. You...

4. You agreed to spend the weekend together at home. But unexpectedly your parents called you and called you. You immediately started to pack. The husband is unhappy that your joint plans have been disrupted. You...

5. Husband is in a bad mood. You can guess that he is in trouble at work, although he does not say anything. You try to call for a conversation, but he leaves the conversation. You...

6. You and your husband are invited to a friend's birthday, there is not enough money for a gift. It seems to you that it was the husband who spent too much of them this month. You…

7. Your girlfriend shares her problems and concerns with you and your husband. One of your husband's remarks, in your opinion, falls out of the general tone of the conversation and is insulting for the interlocutor. You…

8. You both need to stay late at work, and there is no one to spend with the child. You think that your affairs are more important, and the husband should do it, but he does not agree. You…

9. You have started renovating your apartment. Suddenly, it turned out that this venture will cost more than you expected. From the very beginning, the husband was skeptical about your plans, and now he is still angry with you for unforeseen expenses. You…

10. You are about to leave home on business, and your husband wants to talk to you and is unhappy that you refuse to stay for a few minutes. You...

11. From your youth you have many male friends. You are happy to communicate with them, they come to visit you. All these visits cause dissatisfaction with the husband. You...

12. It seems to you that your husband is not spending money on that. So he again bought a thing that, in your opinion, unnecessary, but the husband believes that it is necessary in the house. You...

13. You accidentally met an old friend, got into conversation with her, she persuaded you to come to her house. You stayed with her all evening and came home late. The husband was worried and, when you returned home, showed you his displeasure. You...

14. You spent the evening with new friends who your husband likes but you don't like. In your opinion, it was boring with them, but you tried not to show it, and on the way home, your husband suddenly showed his dissatisfaction with the way you behaved with his friends. You…

15. Your husband is going to visit his old friends. You would like to go with him, but he does not suggest it. You...

16. Do you have a favorite hobby that you devote to? free time... The husband does not share this interest and even expresses open dissatisfaction. You...

17. While visiting friends, you were introduced to an attractive woman. Your husband sat next to her throughout the evening, dancing and talking about something animatedly. It hurt you. You…

18. You were going to spend Sunday at home, but it turned out that your husband promised to visit his friends. You really don't want to go. You...

19. You told a friend about your family problems. The husband found out about this and was very unhappy, as he believes that it is not worth telling everyone and everyone about such things. You…

20. The husband recently asked to sew his trousers. Today he would like to wear them, but they were left unstitched. He shows his displeasure, despite the fact that he knows that you had no time. You...

21. This is not the first time a family friend has let you down, and you think you need to show your displeasure. The husband says that you shouldn't attach much importance to this. You…

22. You are discussing vacation plans with friends. The husband suddenly begins to sharply oppose your proposal. You…

Option for men

1. You invited your relatives to visit, your wife, knowing this, unexpectedly returned home late. This upset you, and after the guests leave, you show your grief to your wife, but she cannot understand the reasons for the dissatisfaction. You...

2. The wife has long promised to do something around the house and again did nothing. You...

1. You have been queuing at the store for a long time. The saleswoman was distracted all the time, rude to customers. When your turn came, your wife, in your opinion, began to speak to her too harshly. You are unpleasantly surprised by her tone. You...

4. You have agreed to spend the weekend together at home. But unexpectedly your parents called you and called you. You immediately started to pack. The wife was unhappy that your joint plans were disrupted. You...

5. The wife is in a bad mood. You guess she's in trouble at work, although she doesn't say anything. You try to call her into a conversation, but she leaves the conversation. You...

6. You and your wife are invited to a friend's birthday, there is not enough money for a gift. It seems to you that it was the wife who spent too much money this month. You...

7. Your friend shares his problems and concerns with you and your wife. One of your wife's remarks, in your opinion, falls out of the general tone of the conversation and is offensive to the interlocutor. You....

1. Both of you need to stay late at work, and there is no one to stay with the child. You think that your affairs are more important, and your wife should do it, but she does not agree. You…

9. You have started renovating your apartment. Suddenly, it turned out that this venture will cost more than you expected. Your wife was skeptical from the beginning about your plans, and now she is very angry with you for unforeseen expenses. You…

10. You are about to leave home on business, and your wife wants to talk to you and is unhappy that you refuse to stay even for a few minutes. You…

11. From your youth you have many female friends. You are happy to communicate with them, they come to visit you. The wife is dissatisfied with these visits. You…

12. It seems to you that your wife periodically spends money on the wrong side, so she again bought a thing that you do not need, but the wife believes that it is necessary in the house. You...

13. You accidentally met your old friend, got into conversation with him, and he persuaded you to come to his house. You stayed with him all evening and came home late. The wife was worried and, when you returned home, showed you her displeasure. You...

14. You spent the evening with new friends who your wife likes but you don't like. In your opinion, it was boring with them, but you tried not to show it, and on the way home, your wife suddenly showed her dissatisfaction with the way you behaved with her friends. You…

15. Your wife is going to visit her old friends. You would like to go with her, but she does not suggest that. You...

16. Do you have a favorite hobby to which you devote your free time. The wife does not share this interest and even expresses open dissatisfaction. You...

17. While visiting friends, you were introduced to an interesting man. Your wife sat next to him throughout the evening, danced and talked about something animatedly. It hurt you. You…

18. You were going to spend Sunday at home, but it turned out that your wife promised her friends to visit them. You really don't want to go. You...

19. You told a friend about your family problems. The wife found out about this and was very unhappy, as she believes that it is not worth telling everyone and everyone about such things. You…

1. My wife asked me to fix the iron for a long time. Today she wanted to take advantage of it, but it turned out to be unrepairable. She showed her displeasure, despite the fact that she knows that you had no time. You...

2. In the evening you are going to watch TV with your wife, but your interests intersect: you want to watch programs on different programs. Each of you insists on your own. You...

3. You are discussing vacation plans with friends. The wife suddenly begins to sharply oppose your proposal. You…

Appendix 2

Test "Self-assessment of constructive interaction

in marital relations "


	I respect myself and even more my spouse
	I always remember that he (she) is the closest person to me, the father (mother) of my children
	I try not to accumulate mistakes and resentments, but immediately react to them
	I never make sexual advances
	I never make comments to my spouse in the presence of other people, including in the presence of children
	I never exaggerate my own abilities and dignity.
	I do not consider myself always and in everything right
	I am never jealous and always trust my spouse
	I am always attentive, I can listen and hear my spouse
	I constantly work on my shortcomings, I take care of my physical attractiveness.
	I never talk about the shortcomings of a spouse, but I am talking only about specific behavior in a specific situation
	I always treat my spouse's hobbies with interest and respect.
	I do not try, by all means, to establish the truth in family relationships, if there is a possibility not to do this.
	I try to find time to sometimes rest, from each other, and give this opportunity to my spouse
	In conflict, I never bet on winning and always ready to give in

Evaluation of results

1. Sum up the scores obtained for all 15 positions and find the arithmetic average of this amount.

1. If the result is from 4.5 to 5 points, then your readiness for constructive interaction in marital relations is high and excludes conflict.

2. If the result obtained is from 4 to 4.5 points, then the level of your readiness for constructive interaction is above average. To eliminate conflict in relations with your spouse, you need to reconsider certain positions of your behavior.

4. If the result is from 3 to 4 points, then the level of your readiness for constructive interaction is average and, therefore, the likelihood of conflicts with your spouse is quite high. You need to seriously reconsider some of the positions of your behavior.

5. If the result is less than 3 points, then the level of your readiness for constructive interaction is low, and the likelihood of a conflict with your spouse is very high. You need to seriously reconsider most of the positions of your behavior indicated in the test, and actively work on yourself.

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Types of conflicts in a young family

There are several ways to classify conflicts that can be summed up in conflicts in a young family.

Types of conflicts among newlyweds according to the objectivity of the situation:

Authentic. A really existing problem that is recognized by both spouses (for example, a dispute about what to spend a "bonus" from the family budget: to a wife for a fur coat or to a husband to upgrade a car).
Random (conditional). This is a conflict based on an easily resolved issue, but the spouses are not aware of this fact (for example, the option to leave the money saved in the family's budget intact or spend it on common needs, which the husband and wife do not even consider).
Displaced. This is a situation when the real reason for the quarrel is completely different (for example, when, in a conflict over scattered socks, the wife actually only uses the socks as an excuse to express all her claims to her husband).
Wrongly attributed (unfair). A conflict when one of the newlyweds falls under the "distribution" for having fulfilled the order of the spouse, which he had long forgotten about.
Hidden. At the heart of this confrontation between spouses is a real contradiction that they do not realize.
False. A conflict based only on subjective assessments and lacking objective reasons.

Types of conflicts in the family according to the form of manifestation:

Open. Conflicts with an obvious external manifestation (smashing dishes, talking in a raised voice, fights, tantrums, scandals, quarrels, slamming the door, the use of physical force, etc.).
Hidden. These are contradictions experienced internally (boycott, ignorance, demonstrative silence or coldness, harsh gestures or views of denial).

Forms of family conflicts based on the result:

Constructive. Those that have a positive outcome. That is, they help relieve tension within the family and enhance mutual understanding. Even if such a dispute leaves a heavy "aftertaste", it will not last long. And then it is perceived as an accident, which helped the spouses to understand each other even more, to trust and bring the relationship to a higher level.
Destructive. These are conflicts that only increase the tension between the newlyweds and can lead to divorce.

Also, conflict situations between young spouses are divided according to the adequacy of perception (adequate, inadequate and false), according to the strength of perception (strong and weak), in time (long and fleeting), in depth (deep and superficial).

Important! Specialists have highlighted one feature of family conflicts, which also applies to marital conflicts in a young family: the most stable and protracted contradictions "live" where they do not consider it necessary to limit themselves to some kind of framework: what I want, I say what I want, so I am doing.

Ways to resolve conflicts in a young family

In resolving a family conflict, a lot depends on how much the newlyweds are ready to yield to each other, change and compromise, on their maturity in terms of responsibility, perception of others and acceptance of their imperfection. An important role is also played by how accurately the "puzzles" coincide in the overall picture of the spouses. Therefore, ideally, it is better to try to find out all possible nuances before marriage. This will reduce the number of quarrels, but still not get rid of them.

Pole change method... One of the main advice of psychologists in the event of a conflict is to restrain one's emotions, that is, to avoid destructive tactics of behavior (shouting, insulting, ignoring, egocentrism, etc.). Positive behavior can be a much more effective “release” of tension. For example, in the case of a minor disagreement, you can relieve tension with a joke or a distracting "maneuver" to transfer the conversation to another topic. If the conflict has a more serious basis, you can switch to active listening to your opponent - this is a calm, attentive perception of what was said, acceptance of information and understanding. This behavior also helps to reduce tension between spouses. Moreover, it helps to achieve mutual understanding and show respect.
Prevention method... Prevention is effective not only for disease. This method can be actively used in marital relations. This can be a line of behavior - respect for a partner, understanding, mutual assistance, encouragement of positive qualities and achievements. This also includes the containment of anger, anger, irritability, and bad mood... For example, if you feel that you are about to break on your spouse simply because of a bad mood, it is better to take a walk on the street or do the cleaning.
Method of one motive... It is very important not to turn a banal quarrel into a grandiose scandal, "clinging" to unwashed dishes or a bottle of beer drunk after work, more significant reasons - financial insolvency, betrayal, disrespectful attitude, etc. Make it a rule to be consistent in sorting out the relationship - the topic of discussion should be one. And there is no need to weave past "exploits" into it.
Tete-a-tete method... If the topic of family squabbles has become the behavior or actions of a spouse or child, there is no need to make remarks to the guilty person in the presence of other people. Discuss the problem without unnecessary eyes and ears. First, it will save the pride of the hero of the "celebration". Secondly, there is no need to wash dirty linen in public: you will solve your disagreements and forget about them, and in the memory of observers of the conflict, they can be deposited for a long time. Especially in the memory of a child who often becomes an unwitting spectator of parents' quarrels.
The attentive listener method... Another way to "extinguish" a family conflict is to learn to listen to your counterpart to the end. Not interrupting even when he says something completely unacceptable. This allows one spouse to fully express himself, and the other to understand his position. In addition, a calm discussion of the problem promotes the quickest search for compromises and develops a culture of communication in the family, where they not only know how to listen to each other, but also talk about their feelings and needs, as well as admit that others have them.

Any conflict, including a family one, can be resolved if both sides want it. If one of the parties (or both) take the position of the ultimate truth or fundamentally do not want to compromise, it will be very difficult to reach an armistice.

How to resolve a conflict in a young family - watch the video:

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST

ANNEXES

INTRODUCTION

A young family is a difficult time to create common needs, interests, attitudes, tastes and habits. In other words, it is necessary to create a system of “we” from two different “I's”. Young people enter into marriage, being at the mercy of sentimental, romantic ideas, not knowing the rules and laws of married life. In the initial period of family life, the formally proclaimed marriage union turns into a truly family unit. This is a difficult task. That is why the strength of marital relations will depend on how young spouses will be able to adapt, master new roles, and create an atmosphere of mutual understanding and respect.

A young family is considered a family with or without children with a marriage experience of up to 5 years and the age of both spouses not older than 30 years. For newlyweds, the initial entry into each other's world, the distribution of responsibilities in the family, the solution of housing, financial and problems related to the maintenance of a common household and everyday life, entering the role of husband and wife, deformation of the personality, the process of gaining life experience, growing up and maturing are characteristic.

With the advent of a child, the tension of the time budget, a sharp restriction of entertainment, rest, leisure, an increase in physical and nervous fatigue, as a result of which the opportunities for career growth, for the realization of their interests are significantly limited. This period of marriage life is the most difficult and dangerous from the point of view of family stability. A considerable part of young families break up at the very beginning of their married life.

Relevance of the research topic: In recent years, the institution of the family has changed significantly: new values, new forms of behavior and communication have appeared against the background of rapidly developing science and technology. In such conditions, the conflict takes on new, sometimes bizarre forms. All previous theories of prevention and settlement of family conflicts need to be rethought and revised. The topic is also relevant because in recent years the government has been paying great attention to young families and is doing its best to support them. In addition, there are practically no such couples who would not like to live in harmony with each other.

The aim of the project is to study the causes of conflicts in young families.

Project objectives:

Consider the concept of family conflicts and the reasons for their occurrence.

Consider ways to prevent and resolve family conflicts.

Identify the causes of conflicts in young families.

Develop training to improve family relationships.

Target audience: young families.

The theoretical significance of the study is associated with identifying the causes of conflicts in young families.

The practical significance of the research is associated with the use of the knowledge gained to prevent and resolve conflicts.

The scientific novelty of the project lies in the fact that this work presents a training that takes into account the new tendencies of a young family and helps young people learn more about each other, discover new qualities in each other, and learn to coexist together.

The degree of elaboration of the topic: scientists began to deal with the problems of young families only in the 1920s. Both foreign and Russian scientists were engaged in the study of this topic.

Among foreign scientists, the works of S. Kratokhvil, A. Rapoport, R. Fischer should be highlighted. These authors have made an enormous contribution to the study of conflicts in young families.

Russian scientists V.A. Sysenko, G.T. Bogdanov, L.A. Bogdanovich L. D. Stolyarenko, N. M. Koryak, V. L. Tsvetkov

CHAPTER I. ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW

1.1 The nature and causes of conflicts in a young family

People who create a family strive to satisfy a number of needs - for love, for children, for experiencing common joys, for understanding, communication. However, starting a family is not only about the realization of the ideal ideas about marriage that the future spouses have. This is the real life of two, and then several people, in all its complexity and diversity. It includes continuous negotiations, agreements, compromises and, of course, overcoming difficulties, resolving conflicts that exist in every family.

Family conflicts are conflicts that arise between members of the same family both over issues of the family's life, and over the satisfaction of the various needs of its members, the compliance of role behavior with expectations. Antsupov, A. Ya., Shipilov, A. I . Dictionary of the conflictologist. - SPb .: Peter, 2006 .-- 528 p.

The family can be viewed from two main positions: as a small social group and as a social institution. In the first case, we can talk about the socio-psychological (emotional-psychological), and in the second, about the sociological (instrumental) levels of group communication. Proceeding from this, the first group of conflicts will be determined mainly by the personal qualities of the spouses and the peculiarities of intra-family relations. The second is the influence of external subjective - objective conditions on marital relations. In everyday family life, it can be difficult to distinguish internal causes of conflicts from external ones. The same external influences can sometimes cause diametrically opposite reactions in different married couples. For example, difficult financial and living conditions for one family can cause constant conflicts and even divorce, and for another - one of the main factors in strengthening family ties. Sometimes the spouses themselves do not fully understand the real causes of conflicts.

A. Kharchev and V. Matskovsky identified several causes of family conflicts:

Lack of preparation of young people for a sharp change in lifestyle.

Complexity of relations between generations.

A hedonistic attitude towards marriage (when only pleasant surprises are expected from him).

Lack of preparation for the full range of functions required by the family. Kharchev A.G., Matskovsky M.S. Modern family and its problems: (Socio-demographic research). Moscow: Statistics, 1978.

In turn, V.A. Sysenko identified the following reasons for marital conflicts:

dissatisfaction with the need for the value and significance of one's "I", violation of the sense of dignity on the part of the other partner.

Dissatisfaction with the sexual needs of one of the spouses.

Dissatisfaction with the need of one or both spouses for positive emotions: lack of affection, tenderness, care, attention and understanding.

Addiction of one of the spouses to alcoholic beverages, gambling, drugs.

Financial disagreements between spouses: issues of mutual budget, family maintenance, contribution of each partner to her financial situation

Dissatisfaction with the need for mutual assistance, mutual support, cooperation on the division of labor in the family, housekeeping, raising children, in relation to parents, and so on.

Various needs and interests in recreation and leisure activities, disagreements in hobbies. Sysenko V.A. Marital conflicts. - M .: Mysl, 1989.-314 p.

This classification cannot show the whole variety of marital conflicts, but it makes it possible to systematize the main ones. Let's look at some of these conflicts.

One of the most common psychological problems in young spouses is the problem of interaction with parental families. It can be generated to a greater extent by one of the spouses or parents.

In the first case, the insufficient maturity of one of the young people, his emotional dependence on the parental family does not allow the formation of a normal marital system. Many young people do not immediately realize that now they must resolve all problems, difficulties, and controversial issues with each other, and not with their parents.

The mental state of the spouses can be affected by any socio-economic difficulties of the family: lack of their own housing, low wages, lack of provision with kindergartens and nurseries.

All young spouses, regardless of their security, have financial problems. Beginners in family life need to learn how to compare their desires with opportunities, expenses - with income, that is, create a model of planning and distribution of the family budget that satisfies them.

A lot of quarrels, grievances and misunderstandings arise from differences in views on spending free time.

Psychologists say that a healthy feeling of jealousy, jealousy in small doses is a necessary component of love. But the manifestation of jealousy already depends on the general level of a person's culture, on self-esteem, the ability to manage their emotions.

Thus, we examined the most common causes of conflicts in young families in the scientific literature: the complexity of relations between generations, claims to leadership, separation of household chores, economic problems, leisure activities, jealousy and the appearance of a child in the family.

1.2 Methods of preventing and resolving conflicts in a young family

conflict family training

There are quite a few methods for resolving marital conflicts. The methodology includes several interrelated actions that, in their totality, make up certain standards of behavior that allow avoiding conflicts and skillfully resolving the latter when they arise.

Many works have been devoted to the problem of preventing marital conflicts (V. Vladin, D. Kapustin, I. Dorno, A. Egides, V. Levkovich, Yu. Ryurikov). Most of them boil down to the following:

Respect for yourself and others;

Constructive resolution, the expression of errors, negative emotions, grievances and the like, and not their accumulation inside oneself;

Refusal to use sexual reprimands against a partner;

Negative remarks about a partner in the presence of other people, strangers, and especially children are not allowed;

Adequate assessment of one's own abilities and merits, the ability to admit one’s wrong, if the situation requires it;

Trust in a partner, minimizing feelings of jealousy;

Attentiveness towards a partner, the ability to listen and hear him;

Striving to maintain your physical attractiveness, health, work on your own shortcomings;

Respect for the interests and hobbies of the partner;

Refusal of the desire to always and everywhere point to the truth, the ability to understand in what situation, however, will be perceived inadequately, will be superfluous;

Refusal of constant joint pastime, the presence of

each partner has their own personal boundaries, the ability to take a break from each other.

Undoubtedly, the first action that creates a prerequisite for resolving the conflict is the ability to determine what the true causes of the conflict are. It should be borne in mind that the true cause of the conflict is often hidden by one or both of the conflicting parties. The task of finding the true cause of the conflict is not a simple one. She demands good knowledge spouse psychology. If the cause of the conflict is identified correctly, then the conflict situation becomes clearer and more understandable, and therefore, in this case, it is easier to determine the most acceptable ways of resolving the conflict.

An analysis of an emerging, or even better - only a brewing conflict situation makes it possible not only to promptly and successfully direct the spousal conflict in a constructive direction, but also to find ways to avoid it, to prevent its occurrence.

One of the most reliable ways to prevent marital, as well as any interpersonal conflicts, is the ability of a person to observe the principles of "social distance" in relationships with people. Social distance expresses the degree of socio-psychological compatibility, closeness or remoteness of people, which contributes to the ease and difficulty of their interaction and which, if correctly chosen and adhered to, can prevent conflicts that can erupt when people are very close to each other, but can arise and in cases where they are excessively distant to each other. Therefore, in relationships with a spouse, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the limit of psychological rapprochement is never reached, so that the possibility of movement remains, there is a space in which it is still possible to get closer.

The second, no less important method of preventing marital conflicts in young families is to follow the "rule of diversity." If the interests connecting spouses are very narrow and limited (for example, only sexual or only financial), then the base of possible conflicts between these people expands significantly. Therefore, one of the important ways to prevent marital conflicts is the rule, according to which in the interactions of a husband and wife, it is necessary not to reduce the light to each other like a wedge, to always be a person who retains to a certain extent his psychological independence even from a loved one. And for this, you need to constantly adjust relationships, get them out of dead ends, direct the energy of conflicts to the personal growth of both, and not to mutual accusations and divorce.

Of course, it is easy to say “channel the energy of conflict to the personal growth of both”, but it is very difficult to do this. Avoiding conflict is one of the ways you can be successful on this difficult path. D. Carnegie is convinced that there is one way in the world to prevail in an argument - to avoid it. In marriages, avoiding a conflict situation is especially desirable and productive, since here harmonious relations with a partner are much more important than winning a conflict with him.

The third way, which can be useful for converting the accumulating energy of conflict into the energy of cooperation, is the rule of “smoothing”: the “smoothing agent” tries not to let out a sign of conflict and extinguish the desire for conflict confrontation in another person.

According to Dale Carnegie, an important way in which you can prevent or mitigate conflict situations is the ability to give the people who work with the person the opportunity to feel like “their own person”. This kind of relationship is different psychological closeness, mutual authority of partners, positive emotional coloring. It has the greatest potential for significance, awareness, duration of its existence, brings the greatest satisfaction to partners. Thus, the person's need to be significant to others is most fully satisfied. Carnegie, D. How to Win Friends and Influence People. MC "Potential", "Polygraphy", 1989. - 94 p.

In his advice on how to win over people, D. Carnegie suggests giving people the opportunity to feel their importance. We most often strive to win over others, demonstrating our virtues to them - erudition, kindness, responsiveness, etc. whereas the shorter and efficient way to conflict-free cooperation with another person - to provide him with the opportunity to manifest his personal significance. The method of referring to the significance of the other and fully supporting his significance is a very important component in the strategy of preventing marital conflicts.

In the prevention of marital conflicts, the method of excluded social demonstration is able to fulfill an important constructive role. The more often and more actively the spouses exclude social demonstration, the less there are reasons for conflicts.

Based on the generalization of various methods of preventing interpersonal, including marital conflicts, several rules for conflict-free communication can be formulated. The first of them says - do not use conflictogens. Recall that the words, actions or inaction that can lead to a conflict are called conflicts. If we strive to respond to the conflict generator with a stronger conflict generator, then the conflict becomes inevitable.

Therefore, the second rule of conflict-free interaction sounds like this - do not respond with a conflict-generating person to a conflict-generating person. To remember one of these rules or both of them, you need to put yourself in the shoes of a counterparty, feel feelings, desires, and understand the opinion of the interlocutor. This process is called empathy. Therefore, the third rule of conflict-free communication says: "Show empathy for the interlocutor." In the interaction of people with each other, there is a phenomenon opposite to the conflict gene. These are benevolent messages addressed to the interlocutor. These include everything that raises a person's mood: a friendly smile, attention, interest in a person, respectful attitude, sympathy, etc.

Therefore, the fourth rule of conflict-free communication boils down to the following - make as many benevolent messages as possible.

The constructiveness of the resolution of marital conflicts, like no others, depends primarily on the ability of the spouses to understand, forgive and give in.

One of the conditions for the end of the conflict loving spouses- not to achieve victory. Victory due to the defeat of a loved one can hardly be called an achievement. It is important to respect the other, regardless of what fault lies with him. You need to be able to honestly ask yourself (and most importantly, honestly answer yourself) what really worries you. When arguing your position, try not to show inappropriate maximalism and categoricalness. It is better to come to an understanding ourselves and not involve others in your conflicts - parents, friends, neighbors and acquaintances. The well-being of the family depends only on the spouses themselves.

One of the ways to resolve marital conflicts is psychological counseling. The essence of psychological counseling for conflict families is to develop recommendations for changing the negative psychological factors that complicate the life of spouses and cause conflicts.

The main tasks of psychological counseling:

· Individual and group consultations of persons who turned to a specialist in order to solve complex problems, acquire psychological knowledge or resolve conflicts;

· Identification of conflicting families and consultations with them;

Assisting spouses in identifying their mistakes and choosing correct behavior in difficult situations of family life;

· Teaching methods of self-regulation of the mental state.

Family counseling is considered as one of the forms of matrimonial therapy, since we are talking about simpler, superficial and short-term psychotherapeutic influences, mainly in conflict and crisis situations. Consultations allow you to find a way out of specific conflict situations, while using primarily methods such as explication, encouragement, individual recommendations and advice. Kratokhvil, S. Psychotherapy of family and sexual disharmony. - M .: Medicine. 1991.-336s.

Psychological counseling is fraught with certain difficulties.

1. The problem of time. The psychologist must in a short time determine the reasons, motives, conditions of the conflict, show the spouses the possibility of restoring their relationship;

2. Various degrees of conflict in family life among spouses. A significant part of those seeking psychological help are young people who have recently got married. Correction of psychological incompatibility is effective for them. However, the psychologist often deals with families that inevitably evolve towards divorce. The effectiveness of their psychological counseling is negligible.

Another group of those consulted are people with a contradictory system of motives, both hindering and facilitating the preservation of marital relations. The first group of motives determines the persistence of conflicts, up to the readiness to go for divorce, while the motives that contribute to the preservation of the family make possible the psychological correction of marital relations.

3. Increased aggressiveness of the counselor in relation to the spouse and the counselor. A feature of conflict families at the stage of divorce is a simplified motivation for such a decision. This makes it difficult to fully diagnose the marriage relationship. It is important to interest the counselors in a deeper disclosure of their family and personal problems, as well as transform the situation where the psychologist examines the relationship of the spouses into a situation where they themselves, with the help of a psychologist, rethink the motives of the conflict.

4. The presence of unconscious components of the conflicting behavior of the spouses significantly complicates the situation of the counselors and the work of the counselor psychologist (V. Smekhov).

Determining the need for counseling and predicting the effect of influence on the family is the initial diagnostic stage of correcting marital relations. The diagnostic stage can include structural, descriptive, dynamic, genetic, and prognostic levels. To diagnose a spousal conflict, it is recommended to use the method of analyzing a conflict situation - MAKS (V. Smekhov). It is a free description of the conflict in the form of answers to questions, which are combined into eleven reflexive plans. It is important to present an internal picture of a conflict event of at least one of its participants. Effective use of the technique is possible after the establishment of psychotherapeutic contact.

The second stage in counseling conflict families is the restoration of marital relations. The success of the transition to it depends on reducing the mental tension of the consultant. Sometimes, in a marital conflict, the established relationship is perceived as inevitable, which gives rise to feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, and self-pity. It is important to strive to change the spouses' pessimistic attitude towards the situation.

When normalizing marital relations, it is important:

· To prevent a new aggravation of the conflict in the presence of a psychologist (accusations, insults, rudeness);

· Not to take the side of one of the spouses, as there are frequent attempts to include a consultant as an "ally" in a conflict;

• from the very beginning, strive to expand the spouses' understanding of the conflict situation, assess it from the position of the opponent;

• be patient with the slow but positive evolution, the restoration of marital relations;

· Be respectful of the norms and values that are accepted or defended by spouses;

· Not strive to give advice, but help to find the right solution by ourselves;

To observe delicacy and anonymity, especially in those matters that concern intimate relationships spouses.

A counselor psychologist does not always manage to normalize the relationship of spouses who have asked for help. R. May emphasizes the need for a consultant psychologist to develop in himself what A. Adler called the courage of imperfection, i.e. the ability to courageously accept failure Avsievich M.T., Melnik L.I. Marital conflicts and ways to overcome them. - M .: Material to help the lecturer, 2008.-22s ..

Thus, conflict resolution is the process of finding a mutually acceptable solution to a problem that has personal significance for the participants.

CHAPTER II. PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES FOR PREVENTING AND RESOLVING CONFLICTS IN A YOUNG FAMILY

2.1 Developing training to improve the relationship between spouses

Trust, understanding and a condescending attitude towards each other's shortcomings are the key to a harmonious and happy family. For mutual understanding, you need to get to know each other better. In this regard, we offer a training program that will help spouses get to know each other better and improve the relationship between them.

As practice shows, young people show themselves at the training much more liberated and as openly as possible than they do at home, so you can discern new facets, opportunities, talents in each other. You can also see who is in charge of the family.

During the training, participants will be able to acquire the following skills:

Skills of effective interaction, in which the possibility of a conflict is minimized;

Joint decision making skills;

Formation of the husband's trust in his wife and, accordingly, the wife in her husband.

The training includes the following components:

Taking the test "Do you understand each other?" Annex 1. This test aims to reveal how well the respondents understand each other and, therefore, whether the lack of mutual understanding is one of the main driving forces behind the emergence of a conflict.

Trust test. Its essence lies in the fact that one of the spouses stands erect, and his partner stands immediately behind him at a distance of 1.5 meters. The first, without bending your legs or turning your head, begins to fall on your back, and his partner catches in his arms. It is very important when performing this exercise not to protect your head when falling and completely trust your partner. After its completion, the partners change places.

Test to identify tactics of behavior in a conflict. This test is called the Thomas test, after the name of the author who invented it. To describe the types of behavior of people in conflict situations, Thomas Thomas considers a two-dimensional model of conflict management to be applicable, the fundamental dimensions of which are cooperation associated with a person's attention to the interests of other people involved in the conflict, and assertiveness, which is characterized by an emphasis on protecting one's own interests. This test will help to get to know each other's partners better, and to understand what tactics of behavior should be used in a conflict. Appendix 2

Design methodology "House - tree - man". For this task you need to clean slate A4 draw a house, tree and person in any order and in any colors.

After completing the assignment, the subjects' drawings are studied and analyzed. This test is necessary to identify the internal state of a person, what worries him and what is his attitude towards his spouse.

This training will allow the spouses to look at each other from the other side, to understand what they are not satisfied with in the relationship and how to behave so that conflicts do not arise.

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT RESULTS

This project is aimed at improving relations in young families, respectively, its objects are a young couple. The training is aimed at harmonizing family relationships and understanding partners. The introduction of training in the field of practical psychology will help specialists determine how conflict husband and wife are, analyze all emerging conflict situations in the family and develop a set of measures to prevent and prevent further conflicts.

CONCLUSION

Conflicts in a young family are conflicts that arise between members of the same family both over issues of vital activity and over the satisfaction of the various needs of its members, the compliance of role behavior with expectations.

Conflicts in a young family:

Have a negative impact on the psychological state of the spouses;

Leads to disharmony in relationships, and sometimes to divorce;

Undermine trust in each other;

Reduces activity at work and in household chores.

Thus, conflicts hinder the development of the family and require the help of a specialist. In family conflicts, it is important to recognize problems in time and find a solution for them. In such cases, the conflict plays the role of an indicator, which is its positive property... Each family member must be aware of the degree of his responsibility, and do what is required of him. It is also important to accept all the flaws of a partner, because few people like it when someone, especially a loved one, condemns your shortcomings.

The family occupies a very important place in the life of each of us. It is necessary to take the formation of a family with great responsibility. The convergence of tastes, assessments of future spouses occurs, as a rule, even before marriage. And at the beginning of life together, the desire of the spouses for even greater spiritual rapprochement, empathy, and the desire to live in the interests of each other clearly appears. However, a stable, prosperous family can function only with a certain preparation of young people for a joint family life. It is necessary to find out, to study well the future spouse (spouse), so that later some undesirable character traits are not revealed to them.

It is known that families without conflicts practically do not exist, especially for young families. A person is in constant conflict even with himself. Therefore, the family should be based on mutual love and understanding. Each person should accept people as they are, seeing in everyone the best qualities.

This is what training is needed for. It brings people closer, helps to recognize new qualities of a partner and help spouses less conflict with each other.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST

Avsievich M.T., Melnik L.I. Marital conflicts and ways to overcome them. - M .: Material to help the lecturer, 2008.-22s.

Antsupov, A. Ya., Shipilov, A. I. Conflictology: Textbook for universities. 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - SPb .: Peter, 2007 .-- 591 p.

Antsupov, A. Ya., Shipilov, A. I. Dictionary of the conflictologist. - SPb .: Peter, 2006 .-- 528 p.

Bogdanov, G.T., Bogdanovich L.A., Poleev A.M. etc. Married life: harmony and conflicts. - 2nd ed. - M .: Profizdat, 1991.-175s.

Carnegie, D. How to Win Friends and Influence People. MC "Potential", "Polygraphy", 1989. - 94 p.

Kirsheva, N.V., Ryabchikova, N.V. Psychology of personality: tests, questionnaires, methods. - M .: Helikon, 1995.-347s.

Kratokhvil, S. Psychotherapy of family and sexual disharmony. - M .: Medicine. 1991.-336s.

Marinovskaya, I. D., Tsvetkov V. L. Grishin A. A. Conflictology. Tutorial. - M .: Fit. 2001.-432 p.

Sysenko V.A. Marital conflicts. - M .: Mysl, 1989.-314 p.

Shuman S.G., Shuman V.P. Conflicts in a young family: causes, ways of elimination. - Minsk: Universitetskoe, 1989.-80s.

Fisher, R. Life and Game. - M .: trans. Publishing house "Astrel", 2009. - 292 p.

Siegert, V. Leading without conflicts / V. Siegert, L. Lang. - M .: trans. Publishing house "Economics", 2010. - 337 p.

Emelyanov S. M. Workshop on Conflict Resolution, 3rd ed. SPB: Peter, 2009 .-- 384 p.

Druzhinin, V.N. Family psychology. - M.: KSP, 3rd ed. 2008 .-- 276 p.

ANNEX 1

Test "Do you understand each other?"

1. Do you have a feeling that a serious showdown is necessary:

a) yes - 1 point;

b) no, there is no such need to clarify the relationship - 0;

c) such a showdown is useless - 2.

2. When you want to ask a sensitive question, can you do it bluntly?

a) yes - 0 points;

b) yes, but I need a favorable environment for this - 1;

c) this is out of the question - 2.

3. Do you think that your partner is silent about many things that bother him?

a) yes - 1 point;

b) I have no idea - 2;

c) I am aware of all his problems - 0.

4. Can you talk to your partner about serious things at any time?

a) yes - 0 points;

b) not always, you need to wait for the right moment - 1;

c) in most cases, no, because he has no time - 2.

5. When you talk to each other, do you make sure your wording is accurate?

a) yes, I am pondering, weighing my words - 1 point;

b) no, we say directly what we think - 2;

c) I express my opinion, but I also listen to someone else's - 0.

6. When you share your problems with your partner, do you have the feeling that you are thus burdening him?

a) yes, it often happens - 2 points;

b) he simply does not delve into my problems - 1;

c) he always shows participation - 0.

7. Does any of you make an important decision that concerns himself without consulting another?

a) it also happens - 2 points;

b) we discuss it together, but the last word everyone reserves - 1;

c) we decide and discuss everything together - 0.

8. Have you ever thought about what you prefer to share with friends more often than with your life partner?

a) sometimes it happens - 1 point;

b) no, I discuss my problems with my spouse - 0;

c) friends understand me better - 2.

9. Does it happen that when your partner is talking to you, you are thinking of something else?

a) it also happens - 2 points;

b) no, I listen carefully - 0;

c) if I feel that I am absent-minded, then I try to focus my attention - 1.

10. In a conversation, do you try, first of all, to express yourself?

a) by all means - 2 points;

b) I usually give my partner the opportunity to express everything that worries him - 0;

c) I believe that we both should share our problems - 1.

Key to the test:

APPENDIX 2

Before you are thirty pairs of judgments. In each pair, choose the judgment that is most typical of your behavior.

A) Sometimes I provide an opportunity for others to take responsibility for resolving a controversial issue.

B) Rather than discussing where we disagree, I try to draw attention to what we both disagree with.

B) I am trying to settle the matter, taking into account the interests of the other and my own.

A) I try to find a compromise solution.

B) Sometimes I sacrifice my own interests for the interests of another person.

A) When settling a controversial situation, I always try to find support from another.

A) I try to avoid getting into trouble for myself.

B) I try to get my way.

A) I try to postpone the solution of the controversial issue in order to finally resolve it over time.

B) I consider it possible to concede in something in order to achieve my goal.

B) First of all, I try to clearly define what all the interests and issues involved are.

A) I think that it is not always worth worrying about any disagreements that arise.

B) I am making an effort to get my way.

A) I firmly strive to achieve my goal.

B) I am trying to find compromise solutions.

B) I try to calm the other down and mainly preserve our relationship.

B) I insist that it be done my way.

A) I tell the other my point of view and ask about his views.

B) I am trying to show others the logic and advantages of my views.

A) I try to calm the other down and mainly preserve our relationship.

B) I try to do whatever is necessary to avoid tension.

B) I try to convince the other of the advantages of my position.

A) Usually I try hard to get my way.

B) I try to do my best to avoid unnecessary tension.

A) If it makes the other happy, I will give him the opportunity to insist on his own.

B) I give the opportunity to the other in something to remain with his opinion, if he also meets me halfway.

A) First of all, I try to clearly define what all the interests and issues involved are.

B) I try to postpone the decision of the controversial issue in order to finally resolve it over time.

A) I try to immediately overcome our differences.

B) I try to find the best combination of benefits and losses for both of us.

A) When negotiating, I try to be attentive to the wishes of the other.

B) I always tend to discuss the problem directly.

A) I am trying to find a position that is in the middle between my position and the point of view of another person.

B) I defend my desires.

A) As a rule, I am concerned with satisfying the desires of each of us.

B) Sometimes I provide an opportunity for others to take responsibility for resolving a controversial issue.

A) If the position of the other seems to him very important, I try to meet his desires.

B) I try to convince the other to come to a compromise.

A) I am trying to show others the logic and advantages of my views.

B) When negotiating, I try to be attentive to the wishes of the other.

A) I suggest the middle position.

B) I am almost always concerned with satisfying the desires of each of us.

A) I often avoid taking positions that can cause controversy.

B) If it makes the other happy, I will give him the opportunity to insist on his own.

A) Usually I persistently strive to achieve my goal.

B) When settling a situation, I usually try to find support from another.

A) I suggest the middle position.

B) I think that it is not always worth worrying about any disagreements that arise.

A) I try not to hurt the feelings of the other.

B) I always take such a position on a controversial issue so that we, together with another interested person, can achieve success.

The key to the test

rivalry	cooperation	compromise	avoidance	adaptation

Treatment

Calculate the number of points for each column. The name of the column with the highest score is your leading strategy for behavior in a conflict situation.

Brief description of the types of conflict resolution

A person using the style of competition (rivalry) is active and prefers to go to the resolution of the conflict in his own way. He is not interested in cooperation with others and achieves the goal using his volitional qualities. He tries, first of all, to satisfy his own interests to the detriment of the interests of others, forcing them to accept the solution to the problem he needs.

Avoidance style means that the individual does not defend his rights, does not cooperate with anyone to work out a solution, or avoids resolving the conflict. To do this, they use avoiding the problem (leaving the room, changing the topic, etc.), ignoring it, shifting responsibility for the solution onto another, postponing the solution, etc.

Accommodation is acting in concert with another person without trying to defend one's own interests. Unlike avoidance, this style involves participation in a situation and an agreement to do what the other wants. It is a style of concessions, consent, and self-interest sacrifice.

Someone who follows a cooperative style actively participates in conflict resolution and defends their interests, but at the same time tries to cooperate with another person. This style is more time-consuming than others, as the needs, concerns and interests of both parties are first brought forward and then discussed. This is a good way to satisfy the interests of both parties, which requires understanding the causes of the conflict and jointly searching for new alternatives to resolve it. Among other styles, cooperation is the most difficult, but the most effective style in difficult and important conflict situations.

When using a compromise style, both sides give in a little in their interests to satisfy them in the rest, often the main one. This is done through bargaining and exchange, concessions. Unlike cooperation, compromise is reached on a more superficial level - one is inferior in something, the other too, as a result, it becomes possible to come to a common solution. In a compromise, there is no search for hidden interests, only what each says about his desires is considered. In this case, the causes of the conflict are not affected. We are not looking for their elimination, but finding a solution that satisfies the immediate interests of both parties.

The optimal strategy in a conflict is one when all five tactics of behavior are applied, and each of them has a value in the range from 5 to 7 points. If your result is different from the optimal one, then some tactics are poorly expressed - have values below 5 points, others - strongly - above 7 points.

The main causes of family conflicts:

1. Did not agree with the characters. Each person chooses ways, techniques and methods of activity, based on the characteristics of his character. They form an individual style of behavior. It is necessary to remember this and not strive to “re-educate”, “remake” the other partner, but simply take into account or adapt to the properties of his nature, his individual style.

2. Adultery and sexual life in marriage. Cheating reflects contradictions between spouses, it is the result of a variety of psychological factors. Disappointment with marriage life, disharmony of sexual relations lead to treason.

3. Household drunkenness and alcoholism. Alcohol abuse by one of the spouses creates an abnormal atmosphere in the family and a constant ground for conflicts and scandals. Traumatic situations arise for all family members.

4. The desire of the husband and wife to assert themselves in the family, for example, in the role of the head. The idea of establishing oneself "vertically" is untenable, since it contradicts the understanding of the family as a process of psychological and economic cooperation.

5. Concentration of spouses on their own affairs. Typical is the "trail" of the previous way of life, habits, friends, unwillingness to sacrifice anything from their past life for the successful implementation of a new social role.

6. One of the spouses constantly teaches the other: how to behave, how to live. The teachings cover almost all areas of life together, block any attempts at independence, sowing irritation, emotional tension, and feelings of inferiority.

7. Ready for battle. Spouses are constantly in a state of tension associated with the need to repel psychological attacks: the inevitability of quarrels has become stronger in everyone's minds, intra-family behavior is built as a struggle for victory in a conflict.

8. "Daddy's Daughter", "Mommy's Sonny". In the process of establishing relationships, in their clarification, parents are constantly involved, who serve as a kind of tuning fork. The danger is that young spouses limit their personal experience of building relationships, do not show independence in communication, but are guided only by the general considerations and recommendations of their parents, which, for all their goodwill, are still often far from the psychological realities of young people's relationships.

9. Concern. In communication between spouses, in style, the way of family relationships, a state of concern, tension is constantly present as a certain dominant, this leads to a deficit of positive experiences.

If one or another of the situations described above is present, accordingly, a family conflict cannot be avoided.

Types of marital conflicts

Family conflicts can occur between different family members, but still, key role marital conflicts play a role in family relations.

Based on the unmet needs of the spouses, conflicts are divided into:

1. Conflicts arising on the basis of an unmet need for the value and significance of one's “I”, violation of dignity on the part of another partner, his dismissive, disrespectful attitude;

2. Conflicts arising on the basis of unmet sexual needs;

3. Mental stress, depression, conflicts, quarrels due to the unmet need of one or both spouses for positive emotions: lack of affection, care, attention, understanding of humor, gifts.

4. Conflicts, quarrels associated with the addiction of one of the spouses to alcohol, gambling and other exaggerated needs, leading to uneconomical and ineffective, and sometimes useless spending of family funds.

5. Financial disagreements arising from the exaggerated needs of one of the spouses in the distribution of the budget, the maintenance of the family, the contribution of each partner to the material security of the family.

6. Conflicts due to the lack of satisfaction of the needs of the spouses for food, clothing, home, etc.

7. Conflicts in connection with the need for mutual assistance, mutual support, cooperation on the division of labor in the family, housekeeping, childcare.

8. Conflicts, quarrels, quarrels based on different needs and interests in recreation and leisure, various hobbies.

According to the degree of danger to marriage, conflicts can be divided into:

- non-hazardous- arise in the presence of objective difficulties, fatigue, irritability, a state of "nervous breakdown"; once started, a conflict can quickly end. It is often said about such conflicts: "By morning everything will pass";

- dangerous- disagreements arise due to the fact that one of the spouses should, in the opinion of the other, change the line of behavior, for example, in relation to relatives, abandon some habits, revise life guidelines, educational methods, etc., then there is a problem that requires a solution to the dilemma: to concede or not;

- especially dangerous- lead to divorce.

If a conflict has arisen, it should not be prolonged, but it is necessary to resolve it, and it is better if it is done in conjunction with a family psychologist or psychotherapist.

Psychotherapy for families in conflict

The essence of psychotherapy for families in conflict is to develop recommendations for changing negative psychological factors that complicate family life and cause conflicts, teaching methods of self-regulation of the mental state, acquiring psychological knowledge and actually resolving conflicts.

Common goals different methods family counseling and psychotherapy can be summarized as follows:

- a change in the family of a number of ideas (attitudes) about the problem that has arisen;

- transformation of the views of family members on their problem from individual-personal to holistic and consistent;

- modification of the permeability of boundaries between subsystems;

- creation of alternative models for resolving problems through direct or indirect intervention;

- a decrease in the emotional involvement of family members in the symptomatic behavior of one of its members;

- correction of various forms of hierarchical inconsistencies;

- interruption of dysfunctional stereotypes of behavior taken from the parental family, bringing to the surface "important unfinished business", disclosing family secrets, improving the communicative style of communication between family members.

For all these questions, you should contact a specialist.

Conflicts in a young family

Conflicts in a young family - this is one of the integral stages of "grinding" spouses to each other in the first 3 years of marriage. They can be provoked for a variety of reasons and have different scales. And it is the ability to resolve such conflicts that often shows the willingness of newlyweds for a happy family life.

Causes of conflicts in a young family

Life and household... Especially often, the topic of the role of husband and wife and their responsibilities becomes a stumbling block for spouses who did not live together and did not run a common household before marriage. It is very difficult for a young guy to switch to performing "family-wide" tasks if he has not done anything around the house before. In the same way, it is not easy for a girl who is very superficially familiar with the full volume of homework and still does not know how to organize it as efficiently as possible. But the reason for quarrels and clarifications of relationships due to everyday life can be not only the abilities and skills of the spouses themselves, but also what family values were instilled by the parents. For example, it may be difficult for a guy to accept an offer from a young wife to help with the kitchen if he and his father went there exclusively to eat. Likewise, it is difficult to understand his wife, whose father and brother often cooked food and washed the dishes.

Types of conflicts in a young family

There are several ways to classify conflicts that can be summed up in conflicts in a young family.

Authentic. A really existing problem that is recognized by both spouses (for example, a dispute about what to spend a "bonus" from the family budget: to a wife for a fur coat or to a husband to upgrade a car).

Types of conflicts in the family according to the form of manifestation:

Open. Conflicts with an obvious external manifestation (smashing dishes, talking in a raised voice, fights, tantrums, scandals, quarrels, slamming the door, the use of physical force, etc.).

Forms of family conflicts based on the result:

Constructive. Those that have a positive outcome. That is, they help relieve tension within the family and enhance mutual understanding. Even if such a dispute leaves a heavy "aftertaste", it will not last long. And then it is perceived as an accident, which helped the spouses to understand each other even more, to trust and bring the relationship to a higher level.

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Ways to resolve conflicts in a young family

Pole change method... One of the main advice of psychologists in the event of a conflict is to restrain one's emotions, that is, to avoid destructive tactics of behavior (shouting, insulting, ignoring, egocentrism, etc.). Positive behavior can be a much more effective “release” of tension. For example, in the case of a minor disagreement, you can relieve tension with a joke or a distracting "maneuver" to transfer the conversation to another topic. If the conflict has a more serious basis, you can switch to active listening to your opponent - this is a calm, attentive perception of what was said, acceptance of information and understanding. This behavior also helps to reduce tension between spouses. Moreover, it helps to achieve mutual understanding and show respect.

Conflicts in a young family are inevitable, since there are no ideal relationships. But this does not mean that you cannot try to bring them closer to the ideal. It will take a lot of strength, understanding, respect and patience, but this is precisely the secret of happy married couples.

Conflicts of a Young Family (page 1 of 7)

The nature of conflicts in the "spouse-spouse" dyad in a young family during the period of primary adaptation

1994 was declared the year of the family by the UN. This is no coincidence. The family policy of all civilized states considers the strengthening of the institution of the family a priority task. However, in modern systems upbringing and education in most countries is practically absent special training to marriage and the fulfillment of matrimonial duties. Young people enter into marriage, being at the mercy of sentimental, romantic ideas, not knowing the rules and laws of married life. Many of them then disperse rather quickly.

Most young people get married after a few months of dating. And the scheme of such marriages is simple. It seems to be loved. That's why we got married. Soon they fell out of love. Therefore, they divorced.

In general, the attitude towards divorce, and hence marriage, often reaches "extraordinary ease." Of the 175 surveyed couples applying for marriage registration, only 40% of grooms and 41% of brides, even in such a romantic period of their relationship, answered that divorce is the best way out of an unsuccessful marriage (22, 59).

In our opinion, the study of the causes of conflicts in the "spouse-spouse" dyad in a young family during the period of initial adaptation is necessary and very important. And in this work we study the nature of conflicts in a young family during the period of primary adaptation.

By itself, the topic “the nature of conflicts in a young family” has not received proper development both in domestic pedagogy and psychology, and in foreign ones (at present, publications on this topic are rare in our country and are mainly a review of foreign studies).

Of course, there are attempts in pedagogy, sociology, psychology and sexology to penetrate into the intimate world of people. The necessary literature on family and marriage is being created. Various centers for young families, dating clubs, consultations, etc. are emerging. But today this is not enough.

Young people need to know not only ethics and psychology, but also the pedagogy of married life, to be able to see the difference between falling in love, love and passion; to understand your feelings, to take into account the peculiarities of the psychology of a man and a woman, so as not to make mistakes, or at least make mistakes and suffer less, in order to be able to extract useful things from the mistakes made, to correct them.

In some northern countries, there is a practice in which young people cohabit without marrying or registering it after years. The negative consequence of such a marriage is an increase in the number of illegitimate children.

So, in Honduras, out of 76% of women 25-34 years old, 37% are in a free union. In the Principality of Monaco, 2 out of 5 women live in unregistered marriages. Children born out of wedlock in France are 5.9%, in Mexico - 25%, in Peru - 42%, in Panama - 66.5% (16, 70).

Many well-known foreign experts argue that the attraction of young people in the West to extramarital affairs is due to uncertainty about the future. Erotica helps to forget for a moment amid a multitude of troubles and fears. The so-called “freedom of love” is an outlet in the world of lawlessness and oppression, an illusory kind of freedom in a society where there are exploiters and exploited people.

In the Republic of Belarus, the family policy of the state provides for the strengthening of the family. The President of our country issued a decree that a young family is given a number of certain privileges: priority provision of living space, loans, etc. Under young family here in the Republic of Belarus we understand a married couple with or without children; marriage- first; life expectancy- up to five years; age of spouses- not older than 30 years (10, 137).

In the prevention and overcoming of family conflicts, a lot depends on the art of communication in the family, the basis of which is the desire to smooth out the maturing family conflict, and not stir it up; the ability to perceive the spouse as he is, to see in him primarily the positive, not to emphasize his shortcomings, exaggerating their importance; the desire to see the source of your irritated state primarily in yourself, and not in your spouse. It is very important not to allow yourself to stoop to the use of offensive language in relation to the person close to you. I would also like to recall the advice of the French writer M. Scuderi: “Those who are getting married should look with all their eyes before the wedding and keep them half-closed after”.

So, object our study is a young family in the period of primary adaptation.

Subject research in this work is the socio-pedagogical and psychological characteristics of the process of family conflict in a young family during the period of primary adaptation.

Thus, goal Our research will be as follows: identify the causes of conflict in the dyad “spouse-spouse” in a young family during the period of primary adaptation and find socio-pedagogical and psychological ways of resolving conflicts. And finally we push hypothesis Our research: conflicts in a young family during the period of primary adaptation have a complex of reasons due to the unpreparedness of young people to marry and start a family.

Based on the object, subject, purpose and hypothesis of the study, we put forward the following tasks :

Identify the causes of family conflicts.

To develop a correctional program to prevent the emergence of conflicts in a young family during the period of primary adaptation.

The sample for this study consisted of 60 people (30 young couples).

1. YOUNG FAMILY AND CONFLICT IN THE PERIOD OF FIRST ADAPTATION.

There are thousands of books and scientific studies devoted to marriage and family. The creation of a family begins with the development of a common lifestyle, with the mutual adaptation of spouses, with the convergence of tastes, etc.

The convergence of tastes, assessments of future spouses occurs, as a rule, even before marriage. Young people strive to understand, accept, love everything that is dear to him (her). And at the beginning of life together, the desire of the spouses for even greater spiritual rapprochement, empathy, and the desire to live in the interests of each other clearly appears.

But when the first happy days, weeks, months go away, a person begins to open up from a variety of sides, sometimes not only unexpected for a spouse, but even undesirable. And the first quarrel arises, the first conflict, the first offense.

Numerous studies by sociologists, psychologists, and teachers suggest that a stable family can be created with a certain readiness of young people for family life. A.N. Sizanov argues that the concept of “readiness for family life” includes social, moral, motivational, psychological and pedagogical readiness.

Social and moral readiness family life presupposes civic maturity (age, secondary education, profession, level of moral consciousness), economic independence, and health. Sociological research shows that early marriage is an important factor in the satisfaction of the relationship between spouses. You can start a family at the age of 18, but the most favorable age for marriage from a medical point of view is 20-22 years for girls and 23-28 for boys (this takes into account the fact that the male body reaches full maturity later than the female). When studying successful and unsuccessful marriages (successful ones are those where both spouses are satisfied with their relationship and consider their marriage to be strong), it turned out that in the group of successful families only 43% of women got married before the age of 21, in unsuccessful ones - 69%. According to N.G. Yurkevich, among men under the age of 21, the percentage of broken marriages is 2.2 times higher than the percentage of prisoners (30, 224).

An important point ensuring the adaptation of spouses in family life is the ratio of their ages. Sexologists argue that families in which the wife is older than her husband are overwhelmingly fragile. Moreover, than older age entering into marriage, the more years the husband should be older than his wife. If, for example, a woman getting married is 20-22 years old, then a man can be 24-26; if a woman is 25, then a man is about 30, etc. However, the maximum age gap between spouses should not exceed 8-12 years (25, 13).

The level of moral consciousness of young people is one of the important conditions for being ready to start a family. A developed moral consciousness is manifested in the understanding by young people of the social significance of the family, in a serious attitude towards marriage, in a thoughtful choice of a life partner, in a sense of responsibility for new family, v deep respect to the future husband (wife), to representatives of the older generation, to other family members, in sensitivity, as well as in communication with them.

T.M. Afanasyeva, for example, cites the fact that, according to sociological research, modern brides are primarily looking for a future companion. intelligence, i.e. very complex complex of the highest human properties... This is intelligence, erudition, sensitivity, tact, internal and external culture. In second place is the attitude towards a woman as a friend, a caring attitude towards the family for children, then - reasonable will, hard work, sobriety, a sense of humor, striving for all-round perfection, physical beauty.

Young men are looking for in their chosen ones, first of all, a combination of kindness, gentleness, selflessness, femininity with fidelity to marital duty. But for them, the mind and business merits of a friend are also important, who will have to work on an equal basis with her husband (5, 115).

In the studies of S.I. Hunger was also confirmed that nowadays boys and girls, considering love relationship self-valuable, not every love partner is seen as a future life partner (15, 130).

CONFLICTOLOGY OF FAMILY LIFE

Causes of family conflicts

Many family problems did not arise yesterday. Single families, divorces, marital conflicts, and problems of loneliness have existed in the past, but have not attracted such close attention. In addition, the person himself has become more demanding in love, in spiritual closeness and mutual understanding, and sex.

But everyone has their own path to happiness. Getting married does not guarantee a person complete happiness, the resolution of all problems at once. Marriage is building relationships with your spouse, children, and relatives every day. The process of building relationships at the beginning of life together is especially important, that is, mutual adaptation is necessary. The adaptation period is an obligatory stage in the formation of a family. It can last for years or be short. Much depends on the desire, on the ability to meet each other.

The adaptation of spouses involves psychological and emotional closeness, establishing contact between all family members, determining the rules of communication and community.

It has already been said that people in families strive to meet the needs for love, children, understanding, and so on. Most people take marriage seriously. They hope to live a long and happy life together.

We will try to answer these questions in this chapter.

All people are not the same, and, as everyone knows, everyone has a different attitude to love. Some understand love as sexual intercourse, others - as spiritual closeness with a dear person, friend. Many people prioritize personal needs and seek to use a husband or wife as a means of satisfying them. Such love is marked by consumer sentiment. In normal families, spouses devote their lives to each other and to children, strive to bring joy to a loved one, not deliberately upset anyone.

Young people often do not understand that family is the ability and desire to give happiness to another person, a constant search for ways to maintain relationships and love. It is a pity when the resentment has already overflowed the cup of patience and nothing can be returned.

How do conflicts arise?

A conflict is a clash of opposing opinions, views, interests and needs. Each of us can identify several reasons that cause frequent conflicts in the family:

Different views on family life;

Unmet needs and empty expectations;

Drunkenness of one of the spouses;

Disrespectful attitude towards each other;

Unwillingness to participate in the upbringing of children;

Disrespect for relatives;

Unwillingness to help around the house;

Differences in spiritual interests;

These are far from all the reasons causing conflicts in the family. Most often there are several reasons, and the latter is not the main one. Conflicts can be divided into two types depending on their resolution.

Creative - represents a certain patience in relations with each other, endurance and refusal of insults, humiliation; search for the causes of the conflict; mutual readiness for dialogue, efforts to change the existing relationship. Bottom line: goodwill relations between spouses are being established, communication becomes more constructive.

Destructive - represents insults, humiliation: the desire to "annoy", to teach a lesson, to blame someone else. Bottom line: mutual respect disappears, communication with each other turns into a duty, often unpleasant.

It is worth recognizing that most destructive conflicts arise from the fault of women. They are more likely than men to try to do “spite”, “revenge”, “teach a lesson”. Men, on the other hand, more often try to bring the conflict on a creative path, that is, to find constructive way out from a specific situation.

So, let's define what is the basis for generating conflict in the family:

1. Unmet need for self-affirmation.

2. The desire of one or both spouses to realize in marriage primarily personal needs (selfishness).

3. Inability of spouses to communicate with each other, with relatives, friends and acquaintances, colleagues at work.

4. Strongly developed material ambitions for one or both spouses.

5. Unwillingness of one of the spouses to participate in housekeeping.

6. One or both spouses have an overestimated self-assessment.

7. Unwillingness of one of the spouses to engage in child-rearing or disagreement of views on upbringing methods.

8. Differences in the spouses' ideas about the content of the roles of husband, wife, father, mother, head of the family.

9. Misunderstanding as a result of unwillingness to conduct a dialogue.

10. Different types the temperament of the spouses and the inability to take into account the type of temperament.

11. Jealousy of one of the spouses.

12. Adultery of one of the spouses.

13. Sexual coldness of one of the spouses.

14. Bad habits of one of the spouses and the consequences associated with them.

15. Special cases.

These conflicts will be discussed in this chapter. But I would especially like to note that any of the above conflicts has its own resolution and, with the correct, interested approach, does not lead to the breaking of family ties.

Ways to remove conflict in the family

Often after quarrels, a crack in a relationship remains for a long time, it hurts like an unhealed wound. This leads to divorces or cooling relationships. You cannot give up on such conflicts, you cannot forget, you cannot suffer habitually and submissively.

What needs to be done?

Try to follow these guidelines.

1. Try to establish the cause of the conflict. But try to hear each other, understand correctly. Most often, the reason is overgrown with nonexistent claims and quibbles, behind which the true meaning of the conflict is not visible. First, let the initiator of the conflict — the offended spouse — speak. Often his claims are a kind of call for help, this is how the actions of the initiator should be regarded. Moreover, more often it is he who wants to improve relations in the family. Don't brush it off emotional speeches, listen to complaints and grievances without interrupting. But the initiator should also think over his words, not present vague reproaches, not speak in hints. Clearly formulated, sincere speech is the best assistant in resolving conflict.

2. Conflict is not a reason to insult or try to give another. The conflict should lead to constructive communication, to a business discussion of the problem. The goal is to establish a friendly atmosphere in the family, do not forget about this for a minute. Conflict, quarrel is not equal to battle. Therefore, victory is not important here, but it is important to improve relations. In this regard, personal insults and indications of shortcomings must not be allowed. It is better to discuss mistakes, miscalculations, misdeeds, and not personal shortcomings of each other. Children, parents, acquaintances, neighbors, and friends should not be drawn into the conflict. A third person will certainly, willingly or not, take some side, it is unlikely that outsiders will be fair in assessing the situation. It is unacceptable for the child to participate in the conflict, since it is he who suffers most from the quarrels of the parents. Also try to avoid aggressive behavior and heightened emotional tone. Keeping calm and restrained will make it easier for you to steal, as there will be no irritation.

3. In a conflict, deeruites the creatures of disagreement, do not be distracted from the discussion of the topic, do not try to immediately find out all the problems. It can take a long time to clear up any disagreements. Discuss the most painful point of the relationship, thoroughly analyze all the nuances and mistakes. Do not make fun of your spouse's opinion, even if it seems ridiculous or absurd to you. It is important to understand each other's position.

4. Find a compromise. The conflict arises because the spouses have different opinions, interests and have no desire, and sometimes they cannot give in, refuse them. Therefore, the conflict often lasts a long time. To get out of the situation, it is necessary to at least partially accept and fulfill the requests of the spouse. On the other hand, one should not insist on the ideal, maximum fulfillment of claims; one must be content with at least a partial concession. Avoid childish stubbornness, frank selfishness, this leads to big disagreements.

5. Show a sense of humor. Sometimes this helps to smooth out the conflict, but it does not eliminate the discussion of the problem. You can also sometimes remain silent or ignore your spouse's attack, feeling that he is upset and anxious. Have the courage to admit

a mistake, if you made it, you need to come up and apologize. Do not exacerbate the conflict over a trifle, as it can turn into a protracted war.

Several rules to get along with characters

Rule number 1. Try not to go into conflict. Tell yourself if your spouse starts a fight: “Stop! Don't give in! " Say an affectionate word, hug and kiss so that your spouse thaws, comes to his senses. Remember: one or the other spouse must play the role of restrained and tolerant. Get over your nasty mood with something nice.

Rule number 2. Do not try to hide the resentment, postpone it until tomorrow. Talk about the essence of the conflict, do not remind of old sins.

Rule number 3. Consider your spouse's mood, even if you are sure he is wrong. It may not match yours, so try not to demand that your desires be fulfilled when your spouse is in a bad mood.

Rule number 4. Do not reproach in order to create confusion and force the fulfillment of a particular requirement. Psychologists advise to do the opposite: "If you want to reproach, praise!" This advance can produce good results.

Rule number 5. Before you tell your spouse about your resentment, think one-on-one with yourself what exactly does not suit you. Often the cause of your resentment is your fatigue and irritation.

Rule number 6. Learn to put up with each other. An allegory will help here. Get involved in the common work, using the unifying words "we", "our", "with us". Then sit down at the negotiating table, where admissions of mistakes are possible.

Rule No. 7. Show a genuine interest in the person. Try to delve into what worries your spouse. This will help avoid quarrels.

Ten tips to improve your family life

1. Bring flowers to your wife from time to time, take care of her, sometimes show insignificant signs of attention, tenderness.

2. Thank your wife for services, even if they are small.

3. Do not criticize your wife in front of strangers.

4. Admire sometimes the successes of your wife, praise her.

5. Give her money for the household so that she can spend it as she wishes.

7. Help around the house, cheer up when she is annoyed, tired.

8. Allow to accept signs of attention from friends, acquaintances, do not make jealous remarks.

9. Refrain from comparing with your mother or your friend's wife in matters of cooking, housekeeping.

10. Spend more time with your wife.

1. Make an effort to be friendly with relatives and the husband's mother.

2. Refrain from criticizing his friends, leave him complete freedom in business.

3. Make concessions to avoid quarrels if your views differ.

4. Make an effort to make your home inviting and welcoming.

5. Dress according to your husband's taste: as he likes.

6. Bear courageously financial difficulties, do not criticize your husband for mistakes.

7. Try to study the interests of your husband.

8. Cook for your husband with pleasure, diversify dishes, make surprises.

9. Live what your husband is interested in. Follow the news, new ideas of your husband.

10. Do not express dissatisfaction with when the husband gets up when he goes to bed. Do not insist on sexual intercourse.

Of course, using these tips, you will not avoid conflicts in family life, but there will be much fewer of them, and it will be much easier to resolve them.

Features of temperament and conflicts in the family

Each type of temperament is associated with a specific human behavior, manifested in his actions and deeds. Combination different types temperament can cause constant conflicts in the family. Let's consider all types.

This is an easily addicted person, with violent emotional manifestations. Vigorously takes on any business, but quickly cools down. Moving fast, acting fast. Can't do monotonous work for a long time. Often able to be distracted, switch from one thing to another.

The choleric person cannot listen calmly and attentively to the interlocutor. Able to interrupt the conversation, to interfere with the conversation of other people. Speaks loudly and quickly.

Such a person is capable, in a fit of anger, to shout at the interlocutor, offend him, but he quickly calms down and, as if nothing had happened, can start talking again with the person with whom he recently fought desperately. A choleric person wants to get a quick result in any business. He also needs success. If this does not happen, the choleric person can turn off and do the work somehow.

Such a person quickly learns a new business. He is energetic, stubbornly striving for the goal, can easily and quickly cope with a task, the meaning of which is clear to him and the end result is interesting.

A choleric person often changes his mood, he can be unrestrained and flare up on a trifle matter. If someone tries to sharply point out mistakes to him, he begins

get angry, make trouble. If such a person feels that a scandal can achieve the satisfaction of his needs, he will strive for them and deliberately arrange quarrels.

By nature, calm and balanced. In conflict situations, he is calm and silent. His state of mind is not easy to understand and impossible to feel. He is very rarely the initiator of the conflict himself. Gives the impression of "thick skin". Often unable to communicate, slow in society and at home. With limited time for work, it does not succeed. It is quite natural that if such a person is scolded for slow behavior and punished for it, he will begin to feel defective and believe that he is incapable of action. Thus, self-doubt develops and the mood for failure is aggravated.

When coerced, such people begin to believe that they are the worst performing the task. All activity becomes a joyless duty that causes constant suffering.

Phlegmatic people are diligent, conscientious. It is difficult to include them in the work: such a person thinks about the matter for a long time, estimates it, slowly starts it. But if he gets down to business, then he will definitely bring it to the end and act with zeal, diligence. But he cannot be accused of slowness, he cannot be rushed in his work.

Such a person is more difficult to convince of the changes made in the work, it is also more difficult for him to understand the innovations in his business. Therefore, interaction with him requires patience and endurance.

A phlegmatic person is reliable in any business. For the work he was entrusted with, you can be calm. But he quickly loses faith in himself, so he often becomes a loser, not prepared for creative activity.

Phlegmatic people are always conservatives. They strive to preserve the prevailing style and living conditions. They are often afraid of change. A phlegmatic person is not capable of a violent manifestation of feelings. He is frightened off by sudden mood swings, although he is capable of loyal and strong love. A phlegmatic person loves to be alone: no one bothers him to think, does not rush, does not distract. He frees himself from negative emotions that are caused by people who do not take into account the peculiarities of his temperament. Positive qualities that phlegmatic people have: hard work, accuracy, conscientiousness, patience, will, endurance, perseverance.

An impressionable, vulnerable, deeply grieving person. He is often reserved, shy, shy, uncommunicative. When a melancholic is upset, he may do something unpredictable. V stressful situations such a person's will is paralyzed, he becomes constrained, sometimes insane. Poorly controlling his behavior in this state.

Often such people develop suspicion, fear of communication, and a desire for loneliness.

When offended, intense excitement occurs. Often a melancholic has low self-esteem. He does not like changes in his life, as he is afraid that people will behave defiantly with him, hurt him.

People of this temperament feel more comfortable, more confident, if those around them do not mock them, do not express an unkind attitude. In such an environment, they are active, energetic. Achieve significant results in activities. They must be protected from mental trauma.

Fear of resentment and reproaches makes the melancholic need to work conscientiously and effectively. He himself will never look for a reason for a quarrel, he will not provoke a conflict, since he needs an environment devoid of psycho-traumatic factors.

Active man. Agile and at the same time balanced, calm, he often smiles, acts openly and kindly. A sanguine person is an optimist, he passionately loves life in all its manifestations. Always busy with something, not sitting idle. He often does what he loves, that is, he has a hob bi, to whom he devotes all his free time.

Such a person is often the soul of the company, he is communicative, easily converges with people. He can always talk about his interests with enthusiasm, believing that it will be of interest to others. He treats failures easily, often does not confront, but he can make complaints if he feels that he is being infringed on in a matter that interests him. Sometimes he listens only to himself, not paying attention to the reproaches of his spouse. He thinks this is nonsense.

Temperament types cannot be divided into positive and negative. Moreover, there are no people with pure temperaments, and in the process of people growing up, their temperaments undergo changes. But knowledge of temperament allows you to understand the behavior of your partner in the family, helps to choose the right means of communication. Having determined the type of temperament, it is also possible to make a forecast regarding the peculiarities of the relationship, to correct the behavior of the spouses.

For example, if both are phlegmatic, life will certainly be stable. Such couples are rarely separated, divorced. In such families, conflicts rarely occur. But they can often be in a cold war state, so protracted omissions need to be avoided.

If only one of the spouses is phlegmatic, and the other is choleric or sanguine, then the conflict may arise due to the fact that the phlegmatic person is not able to violently show feelings and he can be frightened off by violent caresses of spouses with a different type of temperament. And then there are reproaches for insufficient love and without distinction for the spouse. It is necessary to understand that such reproaches are unfair and only lead to aggravation of the conflict. It is necessary to correct the behavior of both spouses, to find a compromise (see "Ways to remove conflicts in the family").

If both spouses are choleric, then we can expect increased conflict in the family. If only one of the spouses is choleric, and the other is phlegmatic, then the hot temper and impatience of one may run into the restraint and even mood of the other. The choleric calms down, and a quarrel does not arise. Although, depending on the situation, it can break loose, scream. When the spouses understand each other, this does not happen. If both spouses are melancholic, then the situation may be complicated by the fact that they will deeply experience the events that take place around them. If a melancholic is faced with a choleric or sanguine person on the family field, then their harsh or inattentive word can lead to a cooling of relations between spouses. You need to be careful in your statements.

Sanguine people take life quite lightly. This can lead to conflicts based on jealousy, and resentment can also arise due to the seemingly easy attitude to other people's problems.

Table 19 Possible favorable and unfavorable alliances

Family conflicts are the most common reason addresses of married couples to a psychologist. Ways to resolve family conflicts largely depend on what kind of conflict arose within the framework of a given cell of society. Conflicts in a family with children have a very negative impact on their perception of parenting and marriage as such.

Types of family conflicts

Let's consider the most common classification of conflicts:

Constructive conflicts. Such conflicts arise for various reasons, but their solution brings a feeling of satisfaction to both curtains, in other words, this is a kind of compromise solution with which both conflicting parties agree. Whether it is a conflict in a young family, or in a family with many years of experience, its outcome is always safe.

Destructive conflicts. Such conflicts are very dangerous, since their outcome does not satisfy both parties and can drag on for many years, reducing the feeling of satisfaction with their marriage, leaving an unpleasant aftertaste behind for a long time. Frequent repetition of these types of conflicts can lead to divorce.

Causes of family conflicts

They can be very varied. Psychologists say that both sides are guilty of conflicts. Common patterns of behavior for each of the spouses can also serve as reasons for conflicts. Depending on what contribution each of the spouses makes to the conflict, it is conventionally accepted to divide the behavior models into several semantic groups.

The aspiration will assert itself in the family. The desire for self-affirmation, as a rule, covers all areas of relationships, so here a conflict can erupt at any moment. A spouse's desire for leadership in marriage is often reinforced by parenting advice. Such a desire is contrary to the basic principles of marriage, which include cooperation and mutual respect. In such situations, any request can be regarded as an encroachment on personal freedom, and create a tense atmosphere in the family.

Didactic. The habit of one of the partners to teach the other about anything. Such a model of behavior leads to family and marital conflicts, due to the fact that it limits any manifestation of independence and introduces constant differences in outlook on life.

Concentration solely on their own affairs. Every adult has a lot of responsibilities to bosses, parents, children, etc. therefore, as a rule, there is no time and effort left to participate or at least follow the progress of the spouse's affairs. This model of behavior is especially often traced among newlyweds, since none of them is ready to change their established life habits, therefore, the imposition of additional responsibilities on their shoulders leads to conflicts.

"Puzzled". There is always some kind of routine and concern in everyday communication between spouses. family problems, this leads to a lack of joint positive experiences and, as a consequence, to the emergence of conflict situations.

Ways to resolve family conflicts

There are many ineffective ways of resolving family conflicts, the use of which can not only take away valuable time from you, but also aggravate the conflict in the family. To resolve conflict situations in your family, it is best to seek help from family psychologists, and not check the advice of neighbors, acquaintances or parents on your family life. It is impossible that there are no conflicts in the family at all, since a feature of family relations is that people of the opposite sex enter into marriage with absolutely different stories life and different upbringing, and at the same time they are forced to somehow get along with each other under one roof. All that can be done in this case is to prevent family conflicts.

How to avoid conflicts in the family?

Here are some simple tips that can help you avoid conflicts in your family.

The family should have trusting relationship... If one of the partners does not agree on something or keeps it secret from the other, this in itself can provoke a tense situation in the relationship, and the size of the conflict that arose as a result of this can be much more frightening than the fact you have hidden.
Ability to yield to each other. As we have already discussed above, one of the reasons for the occurrence of family conflicts may be the desire of one of the spouses to take a dominant position, which leads to acute conflict situations. Remember that the guarantee of a happy marriage lies in the equality of its members. Learn to make concessions for your love.

Causes of conflicts in a young family

Watching the happy faces of the newlyweds in the registry office and tender kisses during the shouts of "Bitter!", it is impossible to even assume that someday this couple will also have difficult times.

A sweet and smiling bride can soon turn into a grumpy and touchy wife, and a gallant groom carrying his beloved in his arms can turn out to be an insensitive and cruel husband.

Of course, not all married couples are waiting for such a sad ending, but petty quarrels and scandals are inevitable in almost every young family. Many of them are easy to avoid if you know in advance the possible causes and methods of struggle.

In young families, as a rule, the social unit consists of a girl who has little idea of how to cook borscht, and a young man whose duties previously included only dusting off his own computer. At the same time, both he and she love to eat deliciously, wear ironed things and relax in a clean room.

The conflict is born on the basis of the fact that the young husband is fenced off from household duties and does everything only after long persuasion, and the young wife, having no skills, does everything for a long time and not very well.

To avoid unpleasant quarrels, you need to turn everyday life into a holiday! Make it a rule to do everything together! Do the cleaning to cheerful music, diluting the boring event with erotic notes and fun dances, and play cooking dinner in the form of a fun master class, comment on your actions with a gentle voice and tenderly ask him to peel potatoes, onions and carrots, every time thanks for the work done with sweet kiss. Use the donated money to buy a washing machine and a dishwasher - they will save time and nerves and minimize possible quarrels.

Material problems arise not only in those young families where there is a lack of finances, but also where the husband and wife different views about spending and shopping.

It is difficult for a man to understand why a woman buys five pairs of shoes, and a girl cannot find a reason that logically explains the purchase of a pedal for computer games or expensive disks for car wheels. Of course, the ideal option is to take a closer look at the financial type of your beloved even at the stage of courtship: is he a spender, how economical in choosing gifts and will he control the expenses of the young wife?

If the stamp is already in the passport, and the money issue has not been resolved, then you should not delay this problem. Talk to the family council and draw up a financial diagram of your family, perhaps in the initial stage is suitable one in which everyone will keep a certain part of the money for personal needs, and everything else will be distributed for family needs. At the same time, an important rule should always be taken into account: a husband never needs to disclose the true cost of lipsticks, perfumes and sandals - not every man is adequately ready to treat excessively high, in his opinion, prices for women's items.

The grumpy mother-in-law and the picky mother-in-law exist not only in anecdotes. Indeed, in practice, sometimes there are parents who want to live the life of their children even after they leave their father's house.

Conflicts with parents can occur on the basis of everyday life, in matters of raising children, or because of personal hostility. Fortunately, in most cases the problem is far-fetched, and it is easy to find a common language both with your own parents and with the parents of your beloved husband. Of course, the ideal option is to immediately start living separately and do everything on your own, without resorting to the help of the older generation - then there will be practically no reproaches from them.

If the mother-in-law is trying to lead, then you should not enter into arguments with her - it is better to listen carefully, take her advice into account, thank and do everything in your own way. In communicating with your mother-in-law, there should be no provocations for quarrels, and it is better for your beloved husband not to talk about your omissions. In order not to cause family quarrels, do not make a cult own mother and never compare your spouse's parents with your relatives. You can find out how to get along with your mother-in-law in this article.

After the start of life together, many girls are disappointed in their young husbands. Once he called 5 times a day and did not want to end the conversation even an hour after the conversation, but now he does not even bother to say that he is late at work.

At the stage of courtship, the beloved gave flowers and invited them to a cafe, and now his leisure time is occupied by a computer and a TV. Unfortunately, the romantic mood leaves many men almost immediately after marriage. What to do?

First, to give my husband some personal time, each person sometimes wants to be alone with himself and do what interests him.

Secondly, to find exciting activities for yourself - a man loses interest in a woman who is passionate only about him: learn a foreign language, do handicrafts, master new computer programs or sign up for some courses.

Third, take the initiative into your own hands: organize movie trips, excursions, city walks and amusement parks - married men turn from hunters into domestic dogs that need to be walked periodically.

With the advent of a baby, especially in those families where the replenishment of the family is happening too quickly, inevitable conflicts begin. An inexperienced young mother experiences increased physical and emotional fatigue, and a newly-made father suffers from a lack of attention and sexual relations.

At this stage, it is very important to tie the husband to the child and evoke the paternal instinct in him: trust the young dad with what he can do. If the husband does not like to take the initiative, clearly assign family responsibilities. Let him go for walks with the stroller, learn to cook children's meals, go to the grocery store, iron things for the baby. Learn to peacefully seek solutions to problems - scandals and quarrels will only aggravate the situation. Read more about family relationships after the birth of a child here.

The family is a daily job that requires effort on both sides. Family happiness is forged with four hands, and its strength depends only on the two of you.

The analysis of scientific literature shows that there are practically no families without conflicts, especially young families. A person is in constant conflict even with himself. Conflicts differ significantly in different families in nature and frequency, and most importantly, in the ability of the spouses to resolve them, in the culture of behavior in a conflict situation.

During the period of mating adaptation, general views spouses about marriage and family. The conflict in a young family occurs precisely because young spouses have ideas about family life, which are somewhat contradictory to each other. By marital conflict in a broad sense, we mean a clash between spouses caused by a contradiction in attitudes, goals, views, ideals, ideas, etc. in relation to a specific subject or situation. Based on this definition, conflict marital unions can be called those in which there are constant quarrels between spouses, where their interests, needs, intentions and desires come into conflict, giving rise to especially strong and long-lasting emotional states.

The main reason for family misfortunes, as L.N. Tolstoy, is that people are brought up thinking about happiness and expect it from marriage. But even sometimes, after several months of married life, hot feelings disappear into oblivion, and only gray, endlessly monotonous, with a mass of the most ordinary and prosaic affairs, everyday life remain.

Among the main causes of marital conflicts in young families, there are violations of the ethics of marital relations (betrayal, jealousy), biological incompatibility, improper relationships between spouses (one of them) with the people around them - relatives, acquaintances, colleagues, etc., incompatibility of interests and needs , the presence of personal deficiencies or negative qualities in one, and sometimes both spouses, the selfishness of the spouses.

Taking into account the fact that student families formed the basis of this research, it becomes necessary to reveal some of the characteristics of student families as one of the varieties of young family unions.

Thus, according to experts, in the majority of student families, conflicts are infrequent and have a constructive nature, which is noted by 85% of spouses-students in the course of this study. A feature of relations in a student family is that both spouses (68% of husbands and 76% of wives) are concerned about the appearance of conflicts, regardless of their nature and frequency. Another characteristic feature of student marriage is the varied content of conflicts. They are connected both with the main aspects of the life of the family and with the widest range of problems solved by the spouses during the period of adaptation. This indicates the activity of adaptation processes. If in a mature family the sphere of conflicts is limited and the reasons for quarrels are rather monotonous, then in a young family literally everything becomes a reason for clashes.

What determines the frequency and nature of conflicts? What are the subjective and objective characteristics of the student family that define them? The way family life is organized affects not only the frequency and content, but also the nature of conflicts. The way of making decisions also depends on the basis on which life in the family is organized. The greatest satisfaction with the way of making decisions, for example, was expressed by spouses from student families of a democratic type. This is explained by the fact that in these families not only decisions are made jointly, but also the responsibility for their implementation is shared equally. The more the spouses are satisfied the decision, the greater the chances that constructive conflict will prevail in this family. The degree of satisfaction of the student wife with the distribution of housework and childcare responsibilities also has a decisive influence on the frequency, nature, and other characteristics of conflicts.

The conflict in the student family is also significantly influenced by the dissatisfaction of the spouses with spending their leisure time, which is of value in the youth environment. Starting a family implies the emergence of new responsibilities, which means a decrease in free time. Leisure content also changes.

Conflicts are also influenced by the degree of unity of views, attitudes of spouses-students on how it should be organized.

As an integral cause of conflicts in both student and other types of families, the mismatch of the spouses' ideas regarding the realization of their own needs, the needs of the partner and expectations in relation to the partner can be considered. This factor belongs to the sphere of meeting the needs of the spouses.

Conflicts between family members are not always recognized. Quite the opposite, many of them remain unconscious. Awareness of the conflict by participants in family interaction is divided into the following types: adequate (corresponding to the real perception of disagreements); inadequate (partners perceive the conflict situation in a distorted way); false (conflict interaction arises on the basis of an incorrect assessment of oneself and a partner in the family).

The creation of a family begins with the development of a common lifestyle, with the mutual adaptation of spouses, with the convergence of tastes, etc.

Marital partners usually act on the basis of unwritten rules, which are not clear and even more rigid. Often spouses themselves agree on mutual obligations, on the division of labor in the family, on the distribution of the family budget. This is how the system of interaction and cooperation is gradually taking shape.

Naturally, the actions of a husband and wife are determined by how they understand the main goals and objectives of family life. Each of the spouses contributes to family cooperation. The behavior of a husband or wife is organized in response to the demands of the marriage partner. If this behavior does not meet these expectations and requirements, then conflict situations arise, mutual accusations that obligations are not being fulfilled.

In family conflict, researchers distinguish the following independent levels:

Psychophysiological,

Psychological,

Socio-psychological,

Sociocultural.

At the same time, they distinguish between the intrapersonal conflict of the husband, the intrapersonal conflict of his wife and the interpersonal conflict (between husband and wife, parents and children, between children).

The structure of a family conflict includes: a conflict situation (the subjects of a possible conflict and its object, for example, an unstable area of emotional interaction in the family) and the images of the participants in the conflict.

Marital conflict is a complex phenomenon that encompasses various levels of interaction. Its origin and course is possible at the level of the relationship between spouses, without implementation in their behavior certain time- the stage of latent conflict.

The aggravation of the relationship between partners contributes to the fact that the conflict extends to the sphere of their communication, is expressed in various forms of conflict verbal and non-verbal behavior... The transition of the conflict to the behavioral level indicates its aggravation and development from the latent stage to the open one. There are certain signals or signs of family conflict: crisis situations(states), tension, misunderstandings, incidents, discomfort.

In a crisis state, the urge to break the bond with a love partner, manifestations of violence (mental and physical), violent arguments, loss of control over emotions, some loss of strength in the norms of behavior, the possible ability to imagine and act to extremes come to the fore.

The state of tension of any of the representatives family system distorts perception, burdens the relationship with preconceived opinions, negative attitudes, modifies feelings for the worse, becomes a source of continuous anxiety.

Misunderstanding presupposes false conclusions from the situation due to insufficiently clear manifestation of thoughts, lack of mutual understanding, emotional tension of one of the participants in the conflict.

Family incidents, pettiness and insignificance can, however, generate temporary excitement, irritation and misperceptions that lead to conflict.

Discomfort means an intuitive feeling that something is wrong, although it is difficult to verbalize it. This contributes to the strengthening of internal observation, vigilance.

In the domestic and foreign psychology there are many points of view on the grounds on which one can typologize certain family conflicts.

1. Depending on the functioning and resolution, conflicts are divided into:

Positive or negative;

Constructive or destructive.

Fulfilling a constructive function, conflicts in mature families reveal mutual claims of spouses and other family members, differences in their needs, attitudes and intentions, contribute to the development of common positions, successful adaptation to the performance of various roles. Such conflicts occur against the general background of positive relationships in the family, mutual satisfaction of its representatives and emotional attachment... Constructive conflict involves the removal of tension in the relationship of partners. Although after a quarrel a heavy sediment remains, but the spouses begin to treat each other more carefully, strive to better understand each other. Subsequently, such a quarrel is perceived as an accident, a misunderstanding.

Destructive conflicts prevent spouses and other family members from developing a single point of view, leading to disorganization of their communication and cooperation, to maladjustment. Such conflicts take place against the background of negative family relations, mutual dissatisfaction of their participants and the weakening or loss of the emotional attractiveness of partners. Destructive conflicts are typical, as a rule, for problem families. The consequence of a destructive conflict is the persistence of long time tensions between spouses after an argument. Both partners in families with a predominance of destructive conflicts consider a real threat of divorce.

2. On the basis of values (value orientations), family conflicts are subdivided into conflicts of terminal and instrumental values of partners.

The conflict of terminal values and orientations is expressed primarily in the form of disagreement on the following issues: important and secondary in life, prestigious and not prestigious, good and bad. Disagreements often manifest themselves for minor reasons - different attitudes towards a familiar friend, a book, leisure activities, vacations, etc.

The conflict of instrumental values is manifested in differences in views on the ways and means of achieving life goals (worthy and unworthy, honest and dishonest, decent and dishonest, etc.). Approving the desire of a partner to achieve a high social status in a service career, a standard of living, the spouse, for example, does not support the methods used (intrigues with colleagues, false careerism, enrichment at the expense of others, etc.).

3. In terms of depth, strength, time of existence, conflicts are:

Strong and weak (insignificant)

Deep and superficial

Long-term (protracted) and fleeting (short-term).

Specialists in the field of family counseling have noticed that the depth, significance, protracted nature, special sensitivity and intolerance of conflict in a certain area of family life indicate a special personal significance for the spouses of that area of relations that turned out to be inharmonious, conflict. Conflicts are often persistent where they believe that in family life you can not restrain yourself: what I want, I say, as I like, I act.

4. In connection with the constituent elements of the conflict (the conflict situation and its images among the participants in the disagreement), according to the American psychologist M. Deutsch, the following types of family conflicts can be distinguished:

genuine conflict - existing objectively and perceived adequately;

random (conditional) conflict - can be easily resolved, although this is not realized by the spouses;

displaced conflict - when obvious and obvious disagreements hide other, true motives and reasons;

incorrectly attributed conflict - quarrels due to the fact that the spouse himself attributed to another spouse (example: the wife scolds her husband for having implemented her order, which she managed to forget);

open conflict - explicit actions taking the form of a quarrel, scandal, fight, etc .;

latent (hidden) conflict - a contradiction between spouses that is unrecognized for one reason or another, which exists objectively, they do not have a vivid external manifestation, it is rather an internal discontent, but their influence on marital relations is no less noticeable than the influence of open ones;

false conflict - arises only due to errors of perception of the spouses, without objective reasons.

5. In terms of resolvability, conflicts can also be:

Easily soluble;

Intractable.

First, the cause can be easily identified and eliminated. In the case of intractable conflicts, even if the cause is identified, they are not easy to eliminate, so the relationship between spouses remains tense. However, the reason that spoiled the relationship should be tried to be eliminated as soon as possible.

6. On a family-role basis, conflicts in young families are also differentiated into:

Matrimonial;

Kinship-parental;

Family related.

The most common marital conflict characteristic of the first year of marriage is the mismatch of partners due to the lack of adequate structures of behavior. This is the lack of housekeeping skills, communication skills, inexperience in the sexual sphere, habits unpleasant for the spouse, inability to distribute intra-family responsibilities, etc.

The typical and most important marital conflict in families is the conflict between traditional male leadership and the factual grounds for it, the struggle for power in the family. This factor occupies a significant place among the factors of disagreement between spouses. According to a number of studies among officers' families, more than 52% of male spouses have an inadequate unconscious gender identity, which creates a real basis for the development of this conflict.

The conflict is usually caused by some difficult problem for the spouses. Conflict situations are specific to different stages family development. The most significant role of the conflict during the formation of the family, when the spouses are just beginning to adapt to each other. In a young family, a conflict is characterized by adaptation to each other, when two “I” become one “We”. There is an evolution of feelings, love disappears and the spouses appear before each other as they are. During the period of initial family adaptation, the probability of divorce is high, up to 30% of the total number of marriages See: V.A. Sysenko. Marital conflicts. - M .: Mysl, 1989. - S. 122 ..

As you know, very often any conflict situation is accompanied by a quarrel between spouses. The emergence of quarrels that never pass without a trace is one of the most destructive consequences of the adaptation of young spouses and their feelings. People usually say: darlings scold, only amuse themselves. But this is not at all the case. Any quarrel is irreversible, that is, it leaves some kind of imprint on further relations.

The quarrel is usually fanned with harsh words, stupid reproaches, unfair accusations. The most often unrecognized cause of a quarrel is a negative psychological attitude. In a state of emotional fatigue, a person often becomes picky and unrestrained. It is better to immediately understand the cause of the breakdown and immediately demonstrate this understanding See: Yurkevich N.G., Krasovsky A.S., Burova S.N. and other Ethics and psychology of family life: book. for the teacher. -Mn .: Nar. Asveta, 1989. - S. 145 ..

Spouses, especially young ones, usually dramatize any controversial situation and believe that the only way out of such a situation is divorce. In many cases, divorce is more evil than good. In most cases, people get divorced because young people were unable to solve the difficult problems of family life. All other reasons are concomitant, although they are sometimes put in the foreground: lack of an apartment, financial difficulties, prolonged forced separation, the negative influence of third parties (first of all, the parents of young spouses). Although, in fact, the accompanying circumstances begin to operate if the action of the main reasons is fully manifested.

Nowadays, young spouses often too hastily resort to divorce as a way to resolve any conflicts, including those that can be overcome at first. Such a "light" attitude towards the breakup of the family is due to the fact that divorce has already become commonplace. At the time of marriage, there is a clear focus on divorce if at least one of the spouses is not satisfied with their life together. It is clear that this attitude encourages divorce.

Divorce is understood as the dissolution of a legal marriage during the life of both spouses, giving them the freedom to remarry. Recently, the divorce rate in most industrial societies has increased markedly. Divorce rates are volatile. Usually those people remain in marriage who:

Have become spouses at the age of at least 20;

Both grew up in a stable two-parent family;

Met for a long period of time before marriage;

Well provided for and with roughly the same education;

Have a good job and a stable income;

They live in a small town or on a farm;

Did not have cohabitation and did not become pregnant before marriage;

Believers;

Same age, creed and education.

None of these conditions, taken alone, are sufficient for a stable marriage. But if none of these conditions are met, it can be said with almost complete certainty that the marriage will fall apart See: D. Meyers Social psychology / per. from English - SPb .: Publishing house "Peter", 1999. - P. 151 .. If all these conditions are met in a marriage, then the probability that the spouses will live together until death is high. The English may have been right when they argued, centuries ago, that it was foolish to regard temporary intoxication with passionate love as sufficient reason for deciding to marry. As a spouse, you need to choose a person for whom you have a strong sense of friendship and with whom you have a common background, interests, habits and values.

It is difficult to find a married couple who, at least in their lives, has not thought about divorce. It happens that one of the spouses simply threatens with divorce in order to "intimidate" his "half" and change the situation.

What are the most common reasons and motives for divorce? The main reasons for divorce are: incompatibility of characters, inability and unwillingness to subordinate their interests to the will of the other, inattention of one of the spouses to the other, etc. Recently, more and more the reason for divorce is the addiction to alcohol of one of the spouses. G.P. Razumikhina notes that over the past 15-20 years, the number of marriages that have broken up due to alcoholism has increased from 40% to 55% See: P.P. Razumikhina. The world of the family: A book for high school students on the course "Ethics and psychology of family life." - M .: Education. 1986. - P. 208 .. Currently, the number of divorces is growing, in which the husband leaves his wife who is drinking.

About 25% of families break up because of adultery and about the same because of the loss of love. In both cases, it is very difficult to decide whether it is necessary to dissolve the marriage.

Not everyone succeeds in preserving love for many years. Over the years, this feeling is filled with more and more new content. And a person is often inclined to take only passionate sensitivity for love. Its calmer manifestations seem to be something else. Therefore, it is not always possible to trust experienced spouses who claim that love has gone over the years. As for the first case, betrayal is different. Sometimes it is based on the unbridled and licentiousness generated by alcohol. The drunk excites, discourages the will, awakens the basest, encourages to forget about honor and dignity. In other cases, a sudden strong infatuation suddenly blinds the person, weakens his moral self-control. He (the spouse) then sometimes himself suffers because of what he has done, repents, but it is too late to return anything.

One of the frequently cited motives for divorce is character dissimilarity. This motive is difficult to define. Most often, he hides behind himself other, deeper causes of family discord. As a rule, spouses come to divorce gradually, accumulating many mutual claims. The inability to build constructive, quarrel-free communication is most often accepted by the husband and wife as a dissimilarity of characters.

So, during the period of primary marital adaptation, the spouses' general ideas about marriage and family are formed. As a rule, this occurs as a result of a clash of views of the husband and wife on family life. Any family clash most often finds its expression in family conflicts. A family conflict is a clash of opposing desires and needs, interests, goals, positions, opinions or views of spouses, other members of family interaction. In healthy family relationships, creative struggle and conflict are more often present than absent. At the heart of the conflict are either the mismatch of interests, desires, and attractions of family members, or their conflicting positions on any issue, or opposite goals or means of achieving them in the given circumstances.

Conflict in a young family occurs because young spouses have ideas about family life that are somewhat contradictory to each other. Conflicts are usually caused by some complex problem. The most significant role of the conflict during the formation of the family, when the spouses are just beginning to adapt to each other. And all irreconcilable and insurmountable conflicts in the family end in the same way - in divorce.

Analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to single out the most typical species conflicts based on various grounds. Conflicts are divided according to the severity of the contradictions, according to the degree of people's involvement in the conflict. Also, conflicts are open and hidden, easily resolved and intractable, constructive and destructive. Unlike destructive ones, constructively resolved conflicts are necessary in marital relations. Therefore, the actions of the participants in a spousal conflict should be aimed not at preventing the conflict, but at changing its nature: from destructive to constructive. On the basis of values (value orientations), family conflicts are subdivided into conflicts of terminal and instrumental values of partners. According to the family - role basis, conflicts in young families are also differentiated into marital, kinship-parent, family-kinship.

Young families are characterized by the dramatization of any controversial situation, intemperance and captiousness. The increased level of conflict among young families during the period of initial adaptation is especially pronounced in the dynamics of divorce among young spouses. The problem of studying conflict and search psychological ways its reduction will be devoted to the second chapter of the thesis.

Psychological reasons for the emergence of conflicts in a young family. Causes of family conflicts. The main causes of conflicts in a young family

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