Nutrition schedule for a child under 1 year old. The nutritional norm of the newborn. We exclude allergic reactions

24.04.2019

Correct feeding a newborn in the first days of life is the same important element of growth and development as mother's care, caring for a baby. Perfect option – breast-feeding... If by different reasons there is no possibility to breastfeed, high-quality milk formulas for newborns will help out.

It is important for a young mom to know how to organize the meals of a tiny person. Study the material: you will find answers to many questions related to the organization of meals for the smallest children. The most important thing is to provide maximum comfort for mom and baby.

How to feed newborns correctly

At the maternity hospital, staff will talk about the benefits of early breastfeeding, provide conditions for close contact between mother and baby immediately after birth. Now the kids are in the same room with their mother, which allows them to feed the baby "on demand".

If there is a lack of milk, do not despair, try to establish natural feeding. Drink plenty of fluids, try to calm down, and breastfeed your baby more often. Even the smallest amount of milk will be beneficial. Feed the newborn with formula, control behavior, weight, stool quality. If there is no milk, switch to artificial formula.

Breast-feeding

The benefits of early breastfeeding have been proven by neonatologists and pediatricians, confirmed by satisfied mothers and well-fed, peacefully snoring babies. Close emotional contact Is one of the benefits of breastfeeding.

Breast milk benefits:

crumbs (the child receives completely digestible food, develops well, is less likely to get sick);
mothers (the uterus contracts more actively under the influence of the sucking movements of the crumbs, the body is more likely to recover after childbirth).

First stage

In the first hours after childbirth, the mammary glands produce a valuable product - colostrum. The volume of the nutrient is small, but the rich composition, high fat content satisfy the crumbs' need for food. An important detail - colostrum nourishes a small organism biologically active substances, strengthens the immune system.

Most maternity hospitals practice early breastfeeding. An exciting moment for mom and baby, who finds herself in an unfamiliar world. The warmth of the breast, the smell of milk soothes the newborn, allows you to feel protection. The more colostrum a child can get, the better for his immune system.

Homecoming

Many young mothers get lost, panic when they find themselves with a newborn at home. There is a caring dad nearby, a familiar environment, but there is still excitement. If the woman listened to the recommendations of the maternity hospital staff, the difficulties with breastfeeding will be less.

Features of feeding newborns breast milk:

the diet in the first week takes into account the interests of the newborn more. The mother will have to adapt to the needs of the baby;
it is useful to observe when the baby is really hungry, to detect the interval between feedings that the baby can withstand. The best option- 3 hours, but in the first week babies often cry for milk after 1.5-2 hours;
pediatricians advise: feed the baby "on demand" when he greedily searches for the breast with his mouth. Gradually, the child will get stronger, he will be able to drink more valuable liquid at a time, he will stay full longer. Active breastfeeding will increase lactation, the baby's nutritional needs and the mother's capabilities will gradually coincide;
in a couple of weeks, accustom the baby to the diet. If in the first days you fed your baby every one and a half to two hours during the day and after 3-4 hours at night, gradually switch to feeding seven times a day. The regimen improves the functioning of the tiny intestines, gives rest to the mother.

Suitable poses

Find a specific position that suits you as much as possible. Remember: each feeding in the first weeks of a newborn's life lasts a long time.

Keep in mind that you will hardly be able to sit for half an hour or more beautifully, bending over a baby (as nursing mothers pose for photos in magazines), especially after difficult childbirth... If the mother is uncomfortable or difficult to hold the baby, she is unlikely to have pleasant thoughts, tender feelings.

Try several poses, choose the optimal one, taking into account the condition of the chest, weight, age of the baby. As the baby grows uncomfortable posture may become suitable and vice versa.

Basic postures for feeding newborns:

supine position. The baby rests on mommy with arms, legs, head. The shoulders of the woman, the head is raised with a pillow. The pose is suitable for abundant discharge milk;
lying on its side. This convenient option is chosen by many moms, especially for evening and night feedings. Be sure to alternately lie on each side to empty both breasts;
classic sitting position for feeding. Mom holds the baby in her arms. To reduce hand fatigue, to "reduce" the baby's weight, pillows under the back, on the knees and under the elbow will help;
overhanging pose. Recommended for poor milk flow. The newborn lies on its back, mom feeds him from above, bending over the baby. Not very back-friendly, but effective for emptying the chest;
posture after caesarean section, when nursing twins. The woman sits, the baby lies so that the legs are behind the mother's back, the head looks out from under mother's hand... This pose relieves the manifestations of lactostasis - stagnation of breast milk, accompanied by soreness, pronounced compaction of the lobules of the mammary gland.

Milk formulas for babies

Artificial feeding is a necessary measure, but in the absence of breast milk, you will have to adapt. Organize the nutrition of the newborn correctly, listen to the recommendations of pediatricians.

Features of feeding newborns with formula:

unlike breastfeeding, when the baby eats and falls asleep, the formula has a certain dosage. It is important to know how much breast milk substitute to give the "artificial" per day;
from the first days feed the baby 7 times, an interval of 3 hours. Later, you can switch to six meals a day with an interval of 3.5 hours;
choose a quality mixture that ensures satiety, maximum nutrients... Unfortunately, it will not be possible to feed the crumbs on demand: the mixture should not be given "whenever you want", it is important to maintain a certain interval;
occasionally allowed to shift time next appointment useful mixture but not by much. Violation of the rules causes stomach / intestinal problems in the baby;
choose infant formula for newborns from renowned manufacturers, without palm oil, sugar, maltodextrin. As a last resort, the components that support the feeling of fullness should be minimal;
if there is little breast milk, you have to constantly feed the baby. Offer breast first, then spoon baby food. Avoid a bottle: it is easier to get milk from the nipple, after a while the baby will probably give up breast;
be sure to give the newborn - "artificial" boiled water. The volume of fluid depends on age;
artificial feeding will help to leave healthy twins or triplets. Mom does not have enough milk for two / three children, she has to give nutrient mixture... As babies grow, breast milk is replaced with formula milk.

How much should a child eat

How much should a newborn eat in one feeding? When breastfeeding, the baby himself senses when the ventricle is full. The baby stops sucking on the breast, falls asleep calmly.

To feed the "artificial" mother must pour a certain amount of the mixture into the bottle so that the newborn does not go hungry. Pediatricians have developed a formula for calculating the amount of baby food for each day.

The calculations are simple:

a newborn weighs less than 3200 grams. Multiply the number of days lived by 70. For example, on the third day the baby should receive 3 x 70 = 210 g of milk formula;
the newborn weighs over 3200 grams. The calculation is similar, only multiply the number of days by 80. For example, for the third day big kid should get a large serving - 3 x 80 = 240 g baby food.

Note! Calculations are suitable for the smallest. From the 10th day of life, the norms are different. You will find a detailed calculation of the amount of formula for feeding children - "artificial" in the article, which describes the selection rules, especially the use of popular infant formula from 0 to 6 months.

Power table by hour

It is easier for young mothers to navigate if they have a clear idea of the baby's diet. The first month, the newborn will sleep most of the time (up to 18 hours a day), the rest of the day will be awake.

Remember: when the baby is awake, half the time he sucks on his mother's breast or receives infant formula instead of breast milk. Pay attention to the newborn feeding chart. It lists feeding hours for babies of normal weight.

if the newborn spits up after feeding, a simple technique will help: rub the fed baby with a column for 10-15 minutes;
the newborn's neck is still very weak, how to act so as not to damage the bones, not to stretch the muscles? Put the head on your shoulder, hold the baby vertically, gently press it to you, supporting it behind the back and butt. This position will ensure the release of excess air, reduce the frequency and volume of regurgitation;
after eating, you can not bother the crumbs, it is undesirable to put them in the crib. Forbidden active games, tickling, braking. Change the clothes of the newborn also after 10-15 minutes, when the air leaves the ventricle;
If the newborn hiccups after feeding, it may be overeating or cold. Stroke your tummy, warm the baby, let the excess air out (hold it up with a column). If the volume and pressure of breast milk is too high, feed the baby intermittently so that the previous portion has time to enter the tiny stomach.

How to maintain the emotional and physical health of a nursing mom

Helpful hints:

upon returning home after the maternity hospital, a woman should also get at least a little sleep, devote time to other family members and herself, otherwise psychological problems, a crisis in relations with her husband cannot be avoided;
constant fatigue accumulates, mom is irritated for any reason, nervous. The result is a decrease in milk production, always hungry, crying baby, again nerves and new worries. The circle is closed. That is why it is important to take care not only of the baby, but also to maintain the health, psychological balance of a woman who has undergone natural childbirth or a cesarean section;
the realization that with the birth of a baby a successful business woman has turned into a "milk production machine" depresses many young mothers. The closest people should help here. Praise, pride in the person who gave a son (daughter) / grandson (granddaughter) must be expressed in warm words... A woman feels much more confident if she feels supported;
an important point is help in caring for the baby. It is good if the husband, grandmothers and a young mother share the chores around the house. A woman needs to rest, often feed her newborn, and recuperate. In the first two to three weeks, absence real help negatively affects the physical and psychological state of the nursing mother;
unfortunately, it often happens that the husband stays late at work (not to mention how difficult it is to "knock out" leave after the birth of a baby), and grandmothers, due to various circumstances, cannot help with household chores. It is important to preserve breast milk, not to fall off your feet from fatigue;
what to do? You will have to ask for help from good friends, relatives, neighbors. Surely, someone will agree to help you: go for groceries, buy diapers, or wipe the dust at home. Attract people you trust, do not refuse help. Even half an hour of rest for a young mother will be useful;
cook simple meals, buy a multicooker that minimizes the labor costs of cooking. The device does not require constant monitoring, which is important in case of fatigue, frequent feedings, in a state where mommy only thinks about the baby and sleep.

Now you know how to start breastfeeding, how to give special formula. Pay maximum attention to the baby, remember your health and the existence of the rest of the family. Correct mode food will provide maximum comfort for the baby and adults.

More helpful breastfeeding tips in the following video:

Many young mothers are very worried that their baby does not receive, as it seems to them, enough food.

For this reason, pediatricians calculated the nutritional norm of a breastfed newborn, after checking with which, any mother can assess whether her baby is eating well or not. In addition to data on the required amount of breast milk, we will also provide information on how much of the formula should be consumed by a child who is on artificial and mixed food.

In children who are exclusively breastfed, the need for it increases significantly during the first few weeks of life. After that, in the period from one to six months, the required volume of milk remains approximately at the same level.

There are times when the baby begins to eat much more, usually during the so-called bursts intensive growth, but they last a little, and after completion, the volume of milk consumed returns to its usual indicators.

After six months of age, the volume necessary for the child the baby changes depending on how tightly his diet included solid foods... Gradually, the amount of milk decreases, and the baby's menu already consists entirely of regular food.

Nutrition rate in the first month

In the first month of life, the amount of milk a baby needs is constantly growing. On the first day after childbirth, the newborn's stomach remains highly compressed and practically unable to stretch. At this time, the baby can only consume about 30 ml of mother's milk.

Of course, during this period it is not even full-fledged milk, but colostrum - a substance that is rich in fats, vitamins and has a high calorie content.

By the fifth day of life, the baby's stomach slightly increases and is already able to accommodate up to 300 milliliters of milk.

A day at this time, the baby needs to eat about 360 milliliters.
In the second and third week, the volume of the baby's stomach is 600 milliliters, and daily rate equal to about 750 milliliters of milk.
In the following weeks, the baby should receive from 750 to 900 milliliters daily.

Nutrition rate from one month to six months

During this period of a baby's life, the milk consumption rate practically does not change.

As a minimum, a child should consume at least 550 milliliters of milk daily, and at the maximum - 900.

Interestingly, neither the age nor the weight of the baby has any effect on these volumes.

However, it is at this time that the growth spikes occur, which we have already mentioned above. They last about two to three days, during which the baby eats significantly more milk than usual. Most often, such surges occur at 3, 4 and 6 months.

Nutrition rate after six months

After six months of age, the baby begins to actively consume solid food... Because of this, the volume of milk he needs is gradually decreasing. How much it drops depends on the type and intensity of the complementary foods. Despite this, breastfeeding should never be abandoned at this time.

Studies show that at the age of six months, children on average consume about 900 milliliters of milk.
At 7 months - 550 milliliters.
In a year, this figure is 450-500 milliliters.

Signs of normal infant nutrition

Undoubtedly, accurate calculations of the milk consumed by the baby are important, as well as tracking its weight - this way you can determine that the baby is malnourished and take certain measures, for example, offer him additional formula. However, each child is individual, and therefore it cannot be ruled out that it is your baby who needs more or less milk than indicated above.

That is why it is important to monitor your child so as not to miss some signs that show that his nutrition is not up to the norm.

So, in the first month and a half of his life, a baby should walk in large volumes at least 3-4 times daily. After this age, the baby should have 4-5 stools every day.

You should also pay attention to weight gain.

On average, babies increase their weight by 180 grams per month in the first four months of life.
Then, up to six months of age, the baby is gaining 120-150 grams.
And after six months, this figure averages 60-160 grams.

In addition, you should not be indifferent to other signs of malnutrition - after feeding, the baby should look happy, relatively calm and completely satisfied. After the food is digested a little, the baby becomes more active, behaves lively and cheerfully.

Power summary table

The nutritional norm of a bottle-fed newborn

With children who are bottle-fed, things are a little easier. Newborns need absolutely insignificant amount mixtures.

By the end of the first week of life, most babies have enough from 150 to 200 milliliters of ready-made mixture for every kilogram of weight per day.

This diet should be followed until the baby is six months old. Further dosage will already be determined by the pediatrician.

However, it is also necessary to mention the fact that each child is unique, so that the frequency of feeding and the amount of fluid required for each toddler is set individually. For this reason, pediatricians recommend feeding the baby only when he shows a desire and not forcing him to eat too large amounts of the formula.

As in the case of babies who are on breastfeeding, the volume of the required mixture can be temporarily changed in certain periods the baby's life - appetite decreases when the child is sick, experiences discomfort associated with teething and vice versa increases when the breast grows intensively.

To understand whether the volume of the mixture that you give him is enough for your child, you can understand if you regularly weigh the baby and track his increase in weight in accordance with the norm. In cases where the baby does not grow or, on the contrary, loses weight, the amount of the mixture given to him should be increased, and also the pediatrician should be consulted about the current situation.

You should also pay attention to the number of diapers used. Already a few days after birth, he should have about 6 trips to the toilet, and the diapers should be quite weighty.

If everything is in order with the baby's stool, he looks calm and is active during games, then everything is fine with his nutrition.

A hungry child shows this with all his might and cannot be distracted by anything else.

The nutritional norm of a newborn with mixed feeding

The need for a mixed diet is determined exclusively by the pediatrician. There may be several reasons for such a decision - lack of milk, insufficient development of the baby, the temporary impossibility of feeding the baby by the mother purely physically.

The most the main task, which stands in front of a young mother in this case - try not to lose milk. That is why babies are fed not from a bottle, but with a syringe or spoon, and they also do this only after the baby has been attached to the breast and finished the meal. As soon as the mother's milk production improves, the mixture is removed from the diet and only breastfeeding is returned again.

Feeding begins with a minimum amount of mixture, about 50 milliliters per day.

After a week, the baby is weighed and it is determined whether this amount is optimal. If a child has gained more than 130 grams in a week, then his nutrition is balanced and does not require any more supplements. Otherwise, the amount of the mixture is increased to 80 milliliters per day and the mass is checked again after a week.

Summing up the above, it can be noted that the nutritional norm of a breastfed newborn is really useful information... With it, you can determine whether your baby is receiving useful and nutrients in the right amount.

Of course, you can use more in a universal way and follow the behavior of the little one - if nothing bothers him, and he looks happy, then this is a direct sign of eating enough food.

The first year of a child's life is perhaps the most important and eventful. During this time, the baby not only grows up (on average, the weight of the child triples by the year, and the body length increases by one and a half times), he masters the basic skills necessary for later life: learns to move (sit, crawl, walk), communicate (smile, laugh, walk, talk), play, become more independent and independent. Correct balanced diet a child under one year old is of the same exceptional importance as parental love and care.

In this case, most often questions arise related to the observance of the diet of a child under one year old, because at this age it changes significantly several times! Consider the main options for the diet of children under one year old, allowing you to avoid possible problems and preserve breastfeeding as much as possible.

Nutrition for a child up to a year: from birth to 4 months

This is the time when the baby receives all the necessary nutrients, vitamins and trace elements from breast milk or adapted milk formula. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding during this period are clear and proven by many scientific research... But, if for some reason full feeding mother's milk impossible, the use of modern adapted milk formulas will also allow the child to develop and grow correctly.

The ideal diet for a child during the first month of life with breastfeeding is on-demand feeding, that is, according to the child's needs, at least 8 times a day without a night break (up to a maximum of 12-16 times). Indicators of a sufficient amount of milk are the presence of at least 6-7 urinations per day, regular bowel movements, and weight gain. With artificial or mixed feeding it is important to keep a three hour break between feedings to avoid overfeeding.

From the second to the fourth month of life, children who are exclusively breastfed gradually establish the child's diet by themselves, with intervals between feedings of 3–3.5 hours. The reflex to feeding in children of this age is just beginning to form, so breastfeeding strictly by the clock is inappropriate. If the baby is sleeping when, according to mom's calculations, the time has come next feeding, you should not wake him up (with the exception of rare cases of significant underweight when not enough milk from mom). And, conversely, with premature anxiety of the baby, it can be assumed that he did not eat required amount milk the previous time and crying expresses precisely the feeling of hunger. This means that you need to attach the baby to the breast, without waiting for the conditional time. Fluctuations between free-feeding meal times within 1–1.5 hours are quite acceptable.

A nighttime break in feeding is extremely undesirable until the baby is 6 months old, since it is at night that the most prolactin (a hormone responsible for milk production) is produced, and, accordingly, are created ideal conditions for successful and long-term breastfeeding. If, nevertheless, the child himself "oversleeps" the night feeding, this break should not exceed 5-6 hours.

With artificial feeding, due to the greater protein load on the child's body, it is necessary to observe the feeding intervals of 3.5-4 hours, with a night break of 6 hours.

A baby of 4-5 months usually has a breastfeeding regimen after 4 hours, sometimes it is possible night break up to 5-6 hours. On artificial feeding, the baby is fed 5 times a day after 4 hours with a night break of 6-7 hours.

Nutrition for a child up to a year: from 4 months to a year

From the 4th month of life, doctors recommend some children to introduce the first complementary foods. However, according to the recommendations of the WHO and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, optimal time introduction of new products for breastfed babies - 6 months. At this time, the reflex of pushing out solid food with the tongue fades away, digestive enzymes and local factors are activated immune defense intestines. We do not recommend the introduction of complementary foods earlier than 5-6 months, as this can lead to allergization of the baby's body, disruption of his work gastrointestinal tract, the emergence and consolidation negative reaction for feeding.

The general rules are as follows: each new product is given gradually, starting with 1-2 teaspoons once a day. It is advisable to introduce the child to a new type of complementary foods in the morning. In this case, the mother has the opportunity to observe the child's reaction to him during the day. This is especially true for children prone to allergies. After getting used to the new product, it can be given either in one of the daily feedings, when the baby is active, or in the evening, when the amount of milk produced by the mother naturally decreases.

It is important to remember that complementary foods are just additional food a child under one year old, he should not replace and displace breast milk! Complementary feeding is intended to meet the growing needs of the baby for energy, vitamins and trace elements, and not to reduce the number of breastfeeding, as some pediatricians still mistakenly believe.

Approximate diet for a child 6 months old:

14:00 - Vegetable puree 100–150 g, breast milk (mixture) 50–100 ml.
18:00 - Breast milk or formula 180-200 ml.

When breastfeeding, the night break is set depending on the needs of the baby and is still not very beneficial for lactation.

Starting from the 7th month of a child's life, meat can be added to his diet. Meat complementary foods are introduced into day feeding together with vegetables, gradually, up to 50 g per day. After meat, cottage cheese is introduced into the baby's menu. It is recommended to gradually increase the volume of cottage cheese to 50 g per day during the week, in the evening feeding.

Approximate diet for a child of 7 months:

6:00 - Breast milk or formula 180-200 ml.
10:00 - Porridge with breast milk or a mixture of 150-180 ml.
18:00 - Cottage cheese 50 g + breast milk or a mixture of 150 ml.
22:00 - Breast milk or formula 180-200 ml.

Breast milk for a 7 month old baby should still make up the bulk of the diet. Latching on to the breast should end with any solid food feeding. If the baby is not so willing to breastfeed during the day, you can try to give him complementary foods only after breastfeeding or more often at night.

The volume of motor and mental activity of a child of 8 months is already quite large, and he needs all new nutritional components for full development... At this time, the yolk of chicken or quail egg, it is added to porridge 3 times a week. Acquaintance with fermented milk products(kefir, yogurt). Babies who are still breastfeeding on demand often refuse supplemental drinks. It's not scary, the mother just has to give the child a choice.

Approximate diet for a child of 8 months:

6:00 - Breast milk or formula 180-200 ml.
10:00 - Porridge with breast milk or a mixture of 150-180 ml, 1/2 yolk.
14:00 - Vegetable puree 150 g + meat puree 50 g
18:00 - Kefir 150 ml + cottage cheese 50 g.
22:00 - Breast milk or formula 180-200 ml.

After the 9th month of the baby's life, the introduction of new products occurs at a faster pace. The child can already chew small pieces of food, actively learns to eat on his own. Its menu is becoming more and more varied. It is recommended to feed the baby 5 times a day after 4–4.5 hours. It is important that during this period, breast milk remains the main fluid that the baby receives. To maintain breastfeeding, it is necessary to take into account the wishes of the child and continue to apply it to the breast during the day and, if requested, at night.

Thus, if the parents follow these recommendations, by the year the child gets used to a certain feeding regimen, which has a beneficial effect on the condition and function of his gastrointestinal tract, the state of immune defense, and health in general. The baby sincerely finds feeding interesting and useful activity, showing the first signs of independence and self-organization. At the same time, he receives almost all types of products necessary for full-fledged growth and development, significantly expands the range of his taste sensations.

Currently, most experts recommend continuing to breastfeed the baby for at least one and a half years, which is a good prevention of infectious and allergic diseases, creates in the child a sense of security and close contact with the mother, increases stress resistance.

What comes first?

Traditionally, it is recommended to first feed the baby and then breastfeed or formula. However, with insufficient production milk from the mother and to stimulate further active lactation, it is better to start with the main food (breast or formula) and only at the end of it offer the baby complementary foods.

In this case, an additional plus is that the baby's digestive enzymes are already sufficiently activated and the digestion process is more complete, which also reduces the likelihood of an allergic reaction.

This topic is extremely important, because the baby's nutrition is the fundamental basis for his future health - both physical and intellectual. In order for the baby to successfully develop in all directions, it needs a full set of nutrients, minerals and vitamins.

The main task of parents is to organize feeding the child and do it competently, in order to strengthen the immunity and health of the baby, to prevent some diseases, including those that often manifest themselves in adulthood. We will rely on the recommendations of pediatricians and baby nutrition specialists.

A little about breastfeeding

Mother's milk is the first and for some time the main food of the newborn. The usefulness of breast milk is difficult to overestimate: this food contains not only the entire spectrum essential substances for good nutrition baby, but also plays the role of an immune protector (contains antibodies to viruses and bacteria that the mother has) and a growth regulator. Milk has a specific chemical composition, which allows you to most fully assimilate it.

Milk composition:

amino acids and proteins (in an optimal ratio, taking into account the age-related needs of the baby);
fats (in an emulsified state, so the baby's digestive tract is better absorbed);
carbohydrates (needed to cover energy needs);
immune elements (protect the baby's body from infections until its own immunity works).

Alexander Valerievich Dechko (director of the pediatric center " Kind doctor", Pediatrician, doctor of the first category) notes that in addition to all the advantages of breastfeeding, during feeding, all muscle groups work in the child, and according to the laws of biophysics, correct development maxillofacial apparatus.

The best nutrition for a newborn is breast milk

Mixed and artificial feeding

But besides breastfeeding, there are also. They are also worth mentioning, because not all mothers in sufficient quantities produce the most valuable food in the world for a baby - milk. Don't be discouraged if you have little or no milk. First, consult with a specialist, perhaps you are doing something wrong, he will help to establish lactation. If lactation does not improve, then they will come to your aid modern technologies in the form of adapted mixtures.

Mixed feeding - when the formula takes 50% of the total food.
Artificial - feeding only with a mixture or predominantly (by 2/3 of the total amount of food).

The most common reasons for mixed feeding

From the side of the newborn:

light weight;
depressed sucking reflex;
diseases, neurological disorders.

From the mother's side:

illness;
reception drugs;
cracked nipples;
social activity of the mother.

When breastfeeding and bottle feeding are combined, the process should be as close to natural as possible, that is, the baby should work in the same way as the mother's breast. In such a situation, your baby will never give up breast milk. An orthodontic nipple, which resembles the shape of the mother's nipple, will help to imitate the mother's breast, so the newborn practically does not notice the difference.

Mixed feeding is, according to most pediatricians, better than formula feeding, as the infant still receives breast milk with all its benefits

Artificial feeding has several disadvantages. Olga Leonidovna Lukoyanova, Ph.D., pediatrician the highest category, a pediatric nutritionist, in one of his articles on mixed and artificial nutrition highlighted the following:

there are no protective antibodies in infant formula that will protect against infection, therefore, it is advised to keep artificial children in the so-called quarantine (do not take them to crowded places, do not arrange a bride show at home with a bunch of relatives and friends, ventilate, if one of the parents is infected, wear a mask etc.);
useful substances (vitamins and trace elements) contained in breast milk are absorbed better than the same substances in mixtures;
iron deficiency anemia is more often observed in artificial people and various.

Lukoyanova does not recommend giving up breastfeeding if the mother simply does not have a desire to feed the baby. She also draws attention in her works to the fact that often the lack of milk is only apparent, the mother can go through the so-called "lactation period", when milk seems to be decreasing. For lactation periods this is the norm. A breastfeeding specialist will be sure to advise on what to do. In most cases, the milk increases. This is especially facilitated by night feeding.

But if all the measures to establish lactation have not brought success, and you inevitably need to introduce a breast milk substitute to the baby, then it is necessary competently, based on the individual needs and characteristics of the baby's body. Your pediatrician will help you with this choice.

Feeding by months to a year

1-4 months

Breastfed

The first feeding of a newborn takes place in the hospital - the baby sucks out colostrum. Colostrum is a secretion secreted from the mammary glands before childbirth and during 3-5 days after them. Colostrum is more high-calorie and nutritious than milk, it has little liquid, which does not allow overloading the crumbs that have not yet formed, it has a laxative effect to release from original feces -. And this is far from full list positive properties colostrum. After five days, colostrum is replaced by the usual breast milk - first transitional, then mature.

Most pediatricians teach mothers all over the world that the production of breast milk and its amount depends on, and that the sucking technique is also important. If the baby from the first day does not properly capture the nipple, it will not properly stimulate its production at the hormonal level, the milk will die out by 3 months. This is perhaps the most important thing in the early days of lactation.

Technically, feeding should look like this: the baby's lower lip is inverted, with his lips he captures the lower areola of the nipple. there are different ones, but if he lies on the mother's hand, then his nose is located at the level of the nipple. The child is tightly pressed by the tummy to the mother's belly, his body and head are on the same plane. It is impossible for the baby's head to be turned.

It is better if the mother feeds lying down - so the body and head are automatically located on the same plane, and the mother's arms and back are resting

Remember: achieve correct technique sucking is necessary in the first 3-4 days. At the age of one month, it is impossible to rebuild the baby so that he begins to breastfeed as expected.

A few words should be said about the breastfeeding regime. There are three types of diet, and which one is the best is difficult to say, as each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

On demand - when the mother feeds the baby at his first request.
Regular (by the hour)- when the mother feeds at certain intervals (every 2-3.5 hours).
Free - combines the features of the first and second modes. Mom can decrease or increase the intervals between feedings, focusing on the baby's mood, his well-being, and depending on the circumstances. For example, if the baby is asleep, and it's time to feed him, then according to free regime, you should not wake up the baby, but you must wait until he wakes up and asks for food.

In general, the baby can eat milk up to 12 times a day. This is the norm.

WHO recommendations state that infants up to six months should be exclusively breastfed. This means that they do not need any other food and liquid (even). Breast milk is an excellent liquid supplement.

Mixed meals

Basic feeding rules

The introduction of each new product begins with a small portion (1-2 tsp) and increases the amount gradually over 5-7 days. Such a small amount of the product is necessary in order to determine whether the baby has an intolerance or to him.
We give a new product at 1 half of the day to see the child's reaction. If you give complementary foods at night, then there is a risk of not noticing some kind of reaction.
Any complementary food should be monocomponent (puree or porridge from one component).
Complementary foods must be given from a spoon before feeding with milk or a mixture.
You cannot give a new product to a baby if he is sick, he is feeling unwell, or he has recently been given.
If the child has not accepted the new product, it is advised to try it again after 5 days.

Where to begin?

We have 2 products to choose from: porridge and vegetable puree (monocomponent). Either one or the other.

At the same time, pediatricians pay attention that if the baby is large (for example, his weight is 8 kg), then it is better not to start with porridge. In this case, vegetable puree is preferable. And, conversely, if the baby is not very plump or has hypertrophy, then complementary foods should be started with porridge.

There is another criterion by which pediatricians judge which complementary foods to start with - this. If the stool is sparse ─ every 3-5 days, ─ then start well with vegetable puree. Cups tend to "lock". It is better to start eating them with frequent,.

Porridge should be gluten-free and dairy-free: rice, corn, buckwheat. If complementary foods were introduced at 4 months, then at 6 months you can try gluten milk porridge: oatmeal, wheat.

The first vegetable purees should be monocomponent - only from zucchini, cauliflower, pumpkin.

It is not advised to start complementary foods with fruit or meat. Fruits have a sweet taste, after which the child may not want to eat unleavened cereals and vegetables. Meat is itself a heavy product for the tender stomach of a baby.

Cauliflower puree in a pressure cooker

Put the cauliflower inflorescences in the pressure cooker (if you don't have it, just cook it). We set the "Steam / Boil" mode for 10 minutes.
After 10 minutes, put the cabbage in a glass for whipping mashed potatoes. Puree with a blender.
The puree should be tender and smooth.

If the baby is gaining weight well, it is better to choose vegetable puree for the first feeding.

Zucchini puree in a double boiler

The vegetable is peeled, the bottom is cut off, the seeds are separated. The zucchini is soaked for 3-4 hours.
We take a glass container, pour 50 g of zucchini with 100 ml of water, place in a double boiler and leave for 5 minutes. If there is no steamer, then cook until soft.
Put the zucchini in a chopping glass and puree.
If it turns out too thick, a little water is added to the puree, in which the vegetable was cooked. And again everything is whipped.

As you can see, organizing the feeding of a baby is not an easy task, it is almost a science that cannot be learned while lying on the couch. All kids are very individual, each one needs special approach and patience. As it is impossible to calculate in advance what poses will be convenient for mommy when feeding, what kind of feeding mode will eventually be built, there is a possibility that some peculiarities may arise with complementary foods. All data given in the article are approximate. Your pediatrician will tell you more about feeding your baby. He will also paint the schedule and proportions.

Complete balanced nutrition - required condition normal development all organs and systems of the baby. It is important that children receive daily a certain amount of macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), minerals and vitamins. Thanks to this, they will grow up healthy, cheerful and quick-witted. How to properly organize the feeding of children under one year old? Let's look at this issue of interest to all conscientious parents.

Types of nutrition for children under one year old

There are three types of feeding of children under one year old: natural, artificial and mixed. Each of them has its own diet. Consider the features different types menu for newborns. General schemes are given for healthy babies. In case of violations of the norm of food consumption, the doctor determines.

Natural feeding

A breastfed baby from 0 to 6 months receives only breast milk. According to the WHO recommendations, after this age, solid food (complementary foods) is gradually introduced into his diet. Share of breast milk in daily volume food decreases, but remains high. Known children's doctor E.O. Komarovsky insists that the introduction of complementary foods at an earlier period is impractical.

With breastfeeding, most experts recommend feeding the baby freely, that is, at his request. This approach allows you to maintain lactation at the required level. After 2-3 months, even if free feeding a flexible schedule for feeding the newborn is established: meals take place with an interval of 2-2.5 hours.

Artificial feeding

With artificial feeding, the child receives an adapted milk formula. Breast milk may be present in his menu, but in small quantities - up to 20% of the total food volume.

Artificial feeding requires adherence to a clear feeding schedule with specific intervals between meals. E.O. Komarovsky reminds that they must be kept, since the mixture is digested more slowly than mother's milk.

Mixed feeding

The need for mixed feeding occurs when the mother produces breast milk, but it is not enough for the baby. The shortage is compensated for with artificial mixtures.

The share of breast milk with mixed feeding is more than 20% of the daily ration. The feeding regimen for this type of diet depends on the mother's lactation level. If the basis of the diet is breast milk, then the schedule approaches the free one. In the case of a predominance of the mixture, feeding takes place by the hour.

The calculation of the daily volume of formula or breast milk for children in the first 7-10 days of life is carried out in one of two ways:

Zaitseva's formula. It is necessary to multiply the child's body weight at birth by the number of days of his life and find 2% of this number. As a result, you get the required amount of food per day.
Finkelstein's formula. For determining daily amount milk or formula for a child weighing less than 3.2 kg, you should multiply his age in days by 70. If the weight of the crumbs is less than 3.2 kg, you need to find the product of the number of his days of life and 80.

Regardless of the formula used, the resulting daily volume must be divided by the number of feedings. This way you can find out the amount of milk or mixture that is sufficient for one meal.

Older than 7-10 days

To calculate the amount of nutrition for a newborn older than 7-10 days up to 12 months, the Heibener and Cherni method or volumetric is used. The Geibener and Czerny method allows you to find the required total amount of liquid per day, including mixture, milk, water, juice, tea, and so on. This takes into account the weight of the child and his age. The main recommendations are presented in the table.

For example, a baby at 3 months weighs 5.2 kg. He needs 5200 ÷ 6 = 867 ml of milk or mixture per day. This indicator should be divided by the number of meals. The total volume of liquid should not exceed 1 liter in 24 hours.

V modern conditions the method according to Heibener and Czerny is rarely used, since it is not designed for children with increased body weight, who recent times more and more are born. The volumetric method is considered more rational.

The food consumption rates depending on the child's age are shown in the table.

Introduction of complementary foods

There are special WHO instructions that contain information on the sequence of introducing solid food into the diet of children in the first year of life. Recommendations broken down by month are presented below.

Porridge must be boiled in water. Starting from 6 months, vegetable oil should be added to mashed potatoes and porridge. For the first time, it is recommended to limit yourself to 1 drop, gradually increasing the volume to 1 teaspoon. Butter is introduced into the diet at 7 months. The initial dose is 1 g, the average dose is 10 g. It is advisable to add it to ready-made cereals.

The above feeding scheme is relevant for breastfed babies. If the child receives a mixture, then solid food can be introduced from 5 months, since his body needs vitamins and minerals for normal development. The same table is used, but all rows are shifted by a month.

Detailed information on how to feed your baby with "adult" products can be found in the table. All recommendations are general character... Before introducing complementary foods, you should consult a pediatrician.

Product	Term	Quantity	Dishes to start feeding
Vegetables	With normal or excess weight bodies from 6 (sometimes from 5-5.5) months.		Puree from 1 vegetable, white or green.
Porridge	With normal or overweight from 6-7 months. If the weight is insufficient, then they are introduced from 4-5 months.	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 100-200 g.	Gluten-free cereals boiled in water - buckwheat, rice, corn, oatmeal. After entering each porridge separately, you can cook the cereal mixes.
Vegetable oil	6 months	Initial - 3-5 drops. The maximum is 1 teaspoon.	Sunflower, corn, olive oil... They should be added to pureed vegetables or meat.
Butter	7	Initial - 1/3 teaspoon. The maximum is 10-20 g.	Quality butter without plant components you need to add to vegetable purees and cereals.
Fruits	8	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 100-200 g.	Monopure of soft fruits. Gradually, you can make multi-component dishes.
Meat	8	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 50-100 g.	Puree from one component - rabbit, turkey, veal, beef.
Yolk	8	Initial - 1/4 teaspoon. The maximum is ½ the yolk of a chicken egg.	It is necessary to boil the egg and add the chopped yolk to mashed potatoes or porridge.
Dairy products*	9	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 150-200 g.	Children's yogurt, kefir or biolact. After 10 months, foods with fillers can be introduced (what can a baby eat at 9 months?).
Cottage cheese*	9	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum - 50 g.	Baby cottage cheese in pure form... From 10 months it should be supplemented with fruit puree.
Baby cookies	9-10	Initial - 1/3 of a cookie. The maximum is 5 pieces.
A fish	The average introduction period is 10 months (the child's nutritional regimen is 10 months and simple recipes). If the child has a tendency to allergies - 1 year.	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 60 g. It costs 1-2 times a week to feed the baby with fish.	Low-fat types of fish - river bass, hake, cod. It should be boiled or steamed and then mashed.
Juices	10-12	Initial - 2-3 drops. The maximum is 100 ml.	Clarified juices from green and white fruits.

* Note that the approach of Dr. E.O. Komarovsky regarding complementary foods differs from the WHO recommendations. He suggests starting acquaintance with adult food with the help of sour milk - kefir and cottage cheese.

The new product should be given to the baby in the morning. It is recommended to increase the amount very slowly, gradually bringing to age norm and monitoring the reaction of the child's body. In a week, the child should be introduced to one new dish. If there is an allergy or a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, the product must be removed from the menu.

Nutrition after a year

The baby's menu after 12 months includes all the main food groups. He no longer needs breast milk as food, so many mothers decide to stop lactation. However, it contains substances valuable for the baby, and there are still reasons to continue breastfeeding.

Lactation can be maintained even if mom goes to work. The frequency of breastfeeding will decrease, but the baby will receive valuable elements. If there is a need to stop lactation, doctors advise not to do this during the period of the child's illness, when his body is weakened, and also in the summer, since at this time there is a high probability of contracting an intestinal infection.

The nutrition of the crumbs at 1 year does not differ from his menu at 11 months, but the portions increase slightly (what can a child eat at 11 months - the diet and delicious recipes). For breakfast and afternoon tea, it should be fed with porridge or vegetable puree. Dinner and lunch should be satisfying. For dessert, you can offer marmalade, marshmallow, marshmallow, and as a drink - water, tea, jelly, compote or fruit drink.

Everyone knows that breastfeeding is preferable to artificial, but not all women have the opportunity to breastfeed their baby. In such situations, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician in order to choose the most suitable formula for the baby, corresponding to his age and state of health.

Advantages and disadvantages of artificial nutrition

Many babies from the first days of life are on artificial feeding, and every year their number is increasing. The growth in the percentage of "artificial" is directly related to the deterioration of the environment, improper diet the adult population, affecting the state of health, as well as with the inability of mothers to be constantly near their children. In the nutrition of a newborn baby with milk formulas, there is, perhaps, one single advantage - such a baby does not have to be transferred from breastfeeding to artificial feeding and his body will not need to rebuild to a new nutritional composition. In the event that a mother has a choice between artificial and natural feeding, before starting to feed the baby with milk formulas, she needs to familiarize herself with their positive and negative sides:

pros

Opportunity to leave the child with relatives or a nanny due to employment;
In the case of food allergies, it is enough to simply replace the milk formula with a more suitable one, and not look for the cause in your own diet;
The ability to see the amount of formula drunk by the child from the bottle. A breastfeeding woman can find out about the lack of milk only if the baby is underweight;
The frequency of feeding is less frequent than with breastfeeding. The fact is that breast milk is digested by the baby's body much faster than formula.

Minuses

The absence in the milk mixture of special enzymes contained only in breast milk... Infants who are bottle-fed are much more likely to have allergic reactions and colds than in infants;
Frequent regurgitation and colic. With food intake through a bottle, the baby swallows excess air, which causes bloating and discomfort;
Disinfection of the bottle and preparation of milk formula. It is customary for children who are bottle-fed to be fed according to a certain regimen, but each infant has an individual need for the number and frequency of meals, and this depends on many factors. A baby who is suddenly hungry can be fed much faster;
Selection of the mixture. To choose suitable mixture time passes, and if it does not fit, the child suffers;
Financial expenses. Milk mixture good quality cannot be cheap, and as the child grows up, it is required more and more.

Formula feeding table by month

These tables are approximate. Individual daily requirement the baby in the formula will help you determine the pediatrician who monitors the baby's weight gain.

Complementary feeding start

The first complementary feeding of a bottle-fed baby can be carried out when he reaches 3 months. Best product for starters - apple juice. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, diluting it by half boiled water... If the baby is feeling fine, you can try other natural juices as complementary foods, but not from exotic fruits.

With normal digestibility of natural juices, fruit and vegetable puree can be introduced into complementary foods at 4-5 months. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, gradually increasing the amount.

3-4 weeks after the baby gets acquainted with mashed potatoes, you can introduce porridge (corn, buckwheat and rice) into the diet. If you are not allergic to lactose, you can cook them in milk. After 6-7 months digestive system the baby becomes strong enough, so oatmeal, semolina, wheat and barley groats can also be used to make porridge.

After 8 months, you can gradually introduce boiled meat into the baby's complementary foods, first chicken and turkey, then beef.

After 9 months, the child's menu can be diversified with boiled fish.

Complementary feeding scheme

Menstruation with artificial feeding

Postpartum discharge from the uterus is natural for every woman who has given birth, and it lasts about 6 weeks. In women whose children are bottle-fed from the first days of life, menstruation can begin from the third month of a child's life, but they will not become regular right away. If after 5 months after childbirth menstrual cycle has not started, or your period is too heavy, seek medical attention immediately.

Complementary foods for artificially fed children begin to be given earlier than infants. The first complementary feeding for babies on HB is recommended no earlier than six months from the moment of birth, for children on IV - at about four months. Artificials are more in need of vitamins, minerals and useful elements, which only breast milk gives in full. Therefore, they need an early transition to adult food, which can saturate the child's body as much as possible.

Among the main reasons for artificial feeding are the intake of antibiotics and drugs dangerous for the baby by a nursing woman, complete absence breast milk, long separation between baby and mother. But even in such cases, doctors recommend not to stop breastfeeding altogether. So, for example, when treating and taking medicines breast milk can be expressed. In addition, breastfeeding can be resumed after the break.

When and why artificial feeding is introduced, how to properly feed a baby with a formula, read here. And in this article we will consider the rules and features of complementary feeding with artificial feeding.

Complementary feeding rules for artificial feeding

Complementary foods for bottle-fed babies begin to be given at 4 months (according to WHO recommendations). But sometimes complementary foods are introduced at 3 months;
Before introducing complementary foods, be sure to consult with your doctor;
The introduction of complementary foods does not mean a complete transition to adult food. The baby should be supplemented with milk formula. How to choose the right milk mixture, read the link
You can only introduce complementary foods if the baby is healthy. Postpone the input if teeth have begun to be cut or the child is under stress (during prolonged separation from his mother, when moving, etc.). It is also recommended to give up complementary foods in extreme heat;
Complementary feeding starts with apple juice or mashed potatoes. First, fruit purees are introduced, and then vegetable purees (for infants, on the contrary);
The first serving is 5-10 grams (0.5-1 teaspoon). Then the dosage is gradually increased every day by 10 grams until it is brought to normal;
Do not force your baby to eat. If the baby does not eat some dish, offer a new one, and return to the old one in one or two weeks;
Do not force the child to eat the entire serving at once if he does not want to;

Take a break of 3-7 days between the introduction of new products to determine the reaction of the body;
If you notice allergy symptoms, remove the product from the diet and see your doctor;
Re-introduction of the product is possible after one to two months and only under the supervision of a specialist;
Better to cook your own meals. When cooking, do not use salt, sugar and various spices !;
Products are given to the baby only after heat treatment (boiled or steamed) in a liquid consistency. A slightly older baby can be given thicker food;
If you buy ready meals, see that it corresponds to the age of the baby. Check the expiration date, composition and integrity of the package before purchasing;
If the baby is not eating complementary foods, add breast milk or formula to the flavoring dish. For an older baby, you can use vegetable or butter;
Give complementary foods on an empty stomach, and only then, if necessary, supplement the crumbs;
The consumption rate depends on the developmental characteristics and needs of the child. More information about the rates will be described in the complementary feeding table below.

Table of the introduction of complementary foods for children on IV

Dishes	4 months	5 months	6 months	7 months	8-9 months	10-12 months
Vegetable puree	5-30 gr	10-100 gr	150 g	150-160 gr	170-180 gr	200 g
Fruit puree	5-30 gr	40-50 gr	50-60 gr	60 g	70-80 gr	90-100 gr
Fruit juice	5-30 ml	40-50 ml	50-60 ml	60 ml	70-80 ml	90-100 ml
Dairy-free porridge	10-100 ml	10-100 ml	-	-	-	-
Milk porridge	-	-	50-100 ml	150 ml	150-180 ml	200 ml
Vegetable oil	-	1-3 ml	3 ml	3 ml	5 ml	6 ml
Butter	-	-	1-4 gr	4 g	5 g	6 g
Egg yolk	-	-	¼ pcs.	¼ pcs.	½ pcs.	½-1 pc.
Kefir	-	-	10-30 ml	50-100 ml	100-200 ml	300-400 ml
Cottage cheese	-	-	10-30 gr	40 g	40 g	50 g
Baby biscuits	-	-	-	3-5 gr	5 g	10-15 gr
Meat puree	-	-	-	10-30 gr	50 g	60-70 gr
Fish puree	-	-	-	-	10-30 gr	30-60 gr

Introduction of complementary foods by month

Complementary feeding at 3 months can only be started on the advice of a doctor. It is important that by the beginning of the introduction of complementary foods, colic has already ended, and the baby's digestion has stabilized. Then the baby can be given in small quantities natural fruit juice, preferably from a green apple. Start with half a teaspoon and bring the serving up to two tablespoons. Juice is made without pulp and pre-diluted in half drinking water... The drink should be warm. After apple juice, pear, apricot and peach juice is introduced.

Complementary feeding at 4 months involves the introduction of fruit juices, if they have not been introduced earlier, and fruit purees. First, an apple is also introduced, then a pear and a banana, a peach and an apricot. Exotic and rare fruits such as mango or kiwi, melon or watermelon should not be given to your baby. These foods are highly allergenic and dangerous. Fruits are boiled, stewed or steamed, then ground and diluted with water or fruit broth.

After the applesauce, they begin to give the vegetable puree from the squash. Zucchini is the most valuable and safest vegetable for young children. Then broccoli is introduced and cauliflower, a little later - potatoes, carrots, pumpkin and green pea... And eggplants, tomatoes and cucumbers, beets and cabbage should not be given to children under one year old.

At four months, it is allowed to introduce gluten-free cereals on the water. First of all, these are buckwheat and rice. But keep in mind that rice strengthens the stool, so this cereal is not recommended for children with constipation. Then add corn porridge on the water. At 3-4 months, complementary foods are given only for the second morning feeding around 9-11 hours. After this, the baby is fed with milk formula.

Complementary feeding at 5 months complements the vegetable oil that is added to baby puree and porridge. The food at this time is already being prepared more densely and the second complementary foods are included in the evening feeding. By the way, fruit juice can be replaced with dried fruit compote. Dried fruits have mass useful elements and vitamins, have positive influence on the functioning of digestion, are easily absorbed and digested. But in the first weeks, it is also better to dilute the compote with water until the crumb gets used to it.

Complementary feeding at 6 months differs in an increase in dosage. The kid is gradually transferred to milk porridge. First, the milk is half-diluted with water, then gradually completely transferred to milk. In addition, the menu includes egg yolk... But pediatricians do not recommend using protein earlier than a year, as it contains a strong allergen. By the way, if a child is allergic to chicken protein, you can use quail eggs.

In the diet half-year-old baby include butter, kefir and cottage cheese in minimum quantities... By the way, famous pediatrician Komarovsky, believes that complementary foods should be started with cottage cheese and kefir, since dairy products are more similar in composition to formula or breast milk. Therefore, according to Komarovsky, adaptation to adult food will be easier. You can find the pediatrician's recommendations here. However, many doctors disagree with this and advise starting complementary foods with vegetable and fruit purees.

Complementary feeding at 7 months complement the meat puree. For cooking, choose lean meat that is free of fat, bones and veins. Suitable option fillet of chicken, turkey, rabbit or beef. Fillets are cut into pieces, boiled, stewed or steamed. Then they are rolled in a meat grinder or whipped in a blender. The resulting mass is mixed with porridge or ready-made vegetable puree... The consistency of dishes for this age should be moderately thick. It is not recommended to give meat broth to children under two or three years old!

Complementary feeding at 8 months can be supplemented with gluten cereals, including oatmeal and barley, millet and barley cereals. But it is better not to rush with semolina porridge, pediatricians do not recommend introducing such a dish to children earlier than a year. The fact is that this is a very high-calorie, allergenic and least useful porridge. The semolina includes the most a large number of gluten free compared to other gluten grains. This negatively affects the functioning of digestion and often leads to allergies. Besides, semolina provokes the appearance of excess weight.

At this age, meat can already be given not only in the consistency of puree. Steamed meatballs for children. The first course in the form of a vegetable broth or a light vegetable soup is also added to the daytime feeding. The dish should contain well-cooked and finely chopped vegetables that are already included in the child's diet.

Complementary feeding at 9 months expands to include fish puree. They start to give fish from low-fat varieties (hake, cod, perch). It should be a boneless fillet, steamed, boiled or stewed. At first fish puree give instead of meat once a week, then twice. Rybny and meat feed can not be given in one day! Fish broth or soup, like meat broth, is not recommended for children under three years old.

Complementary feeding for an artificial person at 4-9 months will be as follows:

Approximate feeding time	Sample menu
Approximate feeding time	4-5 months	6-7 months	8-9 months
6:00-7:00	milk mixture
9:00-11:00	buckwheat, rice or corn porridge on water (100 ml) + fruit juice (30-50 ml) + supplementary feeding with a mixture	dairy buckwheat, corn or rice porrige with butter(100-150 ml) + egg yolk (¼ pcs.) + Fruit juice (60 ml)	Milk porridge with butter (150-200 ml) + egg yolk (0.5 pcs.) + Fruit puree (40 gr)
12:00-14:00	formula feeding	vegetable puree with vegetable oil(150 gr) + meat puree (10-30 gr) + supplementary feeding with a mixture	soup or broth on vegetables (150-200 gr); vegetable puree with vegetable oil (170-180 gr) + meat (50 gr)
17:00-19:00	puree from vegetables or fruits (50-100 gr) + supplementary feeding with a mixture	fruit puree (60 gr) + cottage cheese (10-30 gr) + kefir (50-100 ml) + biscuits (3-5 gr)	fruit puree (40 gr) + kefir (150-200 ml) + cottage cheese (40 gr) + cookies (5 gr)
21:00-22:00	milk mixture

Complementary feeding at 10-12 months implies an increase in portions. In addition, the last feeding is replaced with whole milk or kefir. Be prepared that the introduction of complementary foods can cause a number of negative phenomena, including stool and digestion disorders, food allergies. In addition, the baby may refuse complementary foods. Be patient and watch your body's reactions closely. Do not yell at the child and do not force them to eat!

We looked at complementary foods by month with artificial feeding. The introduction of complementary foods for babies is significantly different. You will find the rules at the link The article discusses the procedure and features of the introduction of products, a monthly diet for each age of a breastfeeding child.

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Artificial feeding

With the birth of a child, mother has many exciting questions. One of the most pressing issues is feeding: what type of feeding to choose, how often to feed, in what quantities.

Milk formulas are a real salvation for those mothers who, for whatever reason, cannot breastfeed. However, artificial feeding has its own subtleties, pros and cons. In the article you will find answers to all these questions. Also, the article contains convenient tables with the number and rates of feedings by month for children under one year old.