How to get better during pregnancy week by week. Watch The Secrets To Rapidly Gain Muscle Mass. How To Pump Up Fast? Why is a pregnant woman not gaining or losing weight?

05.05.2019

Pregnancy is a happy time for a woman, but very difficult period for her body. To provide for the child good food the load on all body systems increases. Therefore, it is very important to control the course of gestation, starting from 10-12 weeks.

One of important indicators normal flow pregnancy is weight gain. After conception, the placenta forms in the uterus, fetal bladder with liquid and the embryo itself. Within 10 months, the fetus grows with the placenta, which leads to an increase in the woman's body weight, and this is the norm. Consider how much a woman can get better during pregnancy.

Why weight gains during pregnancy

Weight gain during gestation is important condition successful development baby. Doctors identify a number of physiological factors that provoke an increase in a woman's body weight:

Fetal growth... During gestation, the baby gains weight, respectively, the mother's body weight also increases.
Placenta growth... Placenta or baby place- This is the organ that provides a connection between the mother and the baby, it grows with the fetus.
Increase in the volume and mass of the uterus... Before pregnancy, the uterus is very small and weighs only 50 grams. But as the baby grows, it stretches, and its weight increases 10 times.
Filling the uterus with amniotic fluid... As you know, the embryo is in the amniotic fluid, the amount of which increases with the growth of the child.
Increasing the volume of circulating fluid in a woman's body. Since you need to provide nutrition for the child and remove more waste products, there is more urine and blood.
Breast enlargement... The breast of a pregnant woman prepares for feeding, it swells, the glands begin to produce colostrum.
Fat formation... This is how the woman's body takes care of the child, ensuring that in case of hunger, he has enough nutrients for normal growth and development.

The weight of a pregnant woman normally increases with the size of the abdomen. Therefore, in the first trimester, there is usually no increase, and in the presence of toxicosis, a woman can even lose weight by 3-5 kg, depending on the severity of this phenomenon.

In 2-3 trimesters, when the main organs of the fetus are already formed and it begins to grow actively, the woman is gaining weight. How exactly the increase will occur depends on the body of a particular woman. Factors that affect pregnancy weight:

Body weight before gestation... The more a woman weighs, the more there is an increase during pregnancy. During the period of carrying a baby, it is very difficult to reconsider your lifestyle completely and start eating in a completely different way.
The amount of weight lost in the first weeks... How more woman will lose, the more and faster it will gain, as the body will try to compensate for the lost body fat. Therefore, you should not rush to all the bad and overeat after the disappearance of nausea.
Age... The older the pregnant woman, the more likely that she will gain a lot of extra pounds. The fact is that with age, metabolic processes are worse, and the likelihood of complications increases. In women after 35 years, a pathological course of gestation is more often observed.
Wrong attitude to nutrition... Overeating is the most common reason overweight during pregnancy, since many women begin to eat for two, without restricting themselves in anything.

In most cases, a pathological increase can be avoided if you control your nutrition, lead healthy image life and be regularly examined in antenatal clinic.

Weight gain by week

What should be the weight of a woman at the end of pregnancy can be calculated approximately based on the reasons for its increase. So, the child himself before childbirth will weigh from 3 to 4 kg on average. The uterus weighs 400-500 g, and another 1000-1 300 g amniotic fluid. The body of a pregnant woman will necessarily store fat and water, the weight of which ranges from 3 to 4 kg. Thus, a woman normally gains 9-15 kg. If multiple pregnancies are expected, then the increase is 15-20 kg.

Payment normal increase in weight by week is carried out separately for each woman, since the result will depend on individual indicators. First of all, you need to find out your body mass index. To do this, you need to take your weight before pregnancy in kilograms, divide it by the square of your height in meters. For example, if a woman's weight is 55 kg and her height is 1.68 m, then the BMI will be 55 / (1.68 * 1.68) = 19.4.

Weight gain rates by week in the table:

Week of pregnancy	BMI gain<19.8	Weight gain at BMI 19.8 -26.0	Weight gain at BMI> 26.0
2	500 g	500 g	500 g
4	900 g	700 g	500 g
6	1.5KG	1 kg	600 g
8	1.7 kg	1.2KG	700 g
10	1.9 kg	1.3KG	800 g
12	2 Kg	1.5KG	900 g
14	2.6KG	1.9 kg	1 kg
16	3.2 kg	2.3 kg	1.4 kg
18	4.5KG	3.6KG	2.3 kg
20	5.4 kg	4.8KG	2.9 kg
22	6.8 kg	5.7 kg	3.4 kg
24	7.7 kg	6.4 kg	3.9 kg
26	8.6 kg	7.7 kg	5 Kg
28	9.8 kg	8.2 kg	5.4 kg
30	10.3 kg	9.1 kg	5.9 kg
32	11.3 kg	10 Kg	6.4 kg
34	12.5 kg	10.9 kg	7.3 kg
36	13.6 kg	11.8 kg	7.9 kg
38	14.5 kg	12.7 kg	8.5KG
40	15 Kg	13.5 kg	9 Kg

Thus, the more weight a woman has during pregnancy, the less intensively she should gain weight while carrying a baby. This is due to the fact that there is already sufficient body fat for normal development fetus, so there is no need to accumulate excess fat.

Women with a lack of fat mass, on the contrary, need to gain weight, introduce nutritious and high-calorie foods into the diet. This is necessary in order for the child to gain sufficient weight before childbirth and to be well formed and strengthened.

Causes and complications of being overweight

After registration with gynecology, every pregnant woman is recommended to come to the appointment regularly, at least once every 2 weeks. On examination, the doctor evaluates appearance patient, listens to complaints, if any, as well as mandatory weighs and records the results.

According to the norms, the pregnant woman should gradually increase the weight. In the second trimester, the mass grows by 200 g per week, and in the third trimester by 500-600 g. If there is too much fast growth weight, for example by 2 kg per week, then complications can be suspected.

Excess weight during pregnancy can indicate such disorders:

obesity on the background of overeating;
fluid retention in kidney pathology.

Both of these conditions increase the likelihood of gestosis and the development of complications during childbirth. So, obesity and a large excess lead to a problem with generic activity... Often a woman with a huge excess weight ohm it becomes difficult to carry a child on last weeks, she moves a little, which causes constipation and other difficulties.

It is important to note here that we are talking about exactly that excess weight that appeared during the period of bearing a child, since it is a sharp set that becomes a great stress for the body.

The greatest danger is created by a condition in which weight gain is observed against the background of kidney pathology. The fact is that during pregnancy, the load on the urinary system increases significantly. Due to the increased volume of fluid in the body, the kidneys work with a vengeance, filtering great amount liquids.

If a woman is completely healthy, then no violations will arise. But if there is pathological changes in the kidneys, they will no longer cope with their work. As a result, fluid will begin to accumulate in the tissues of the body, causing internal and external edema.

And the toxins that the kidneys did not have time to remove will begin to poison the body, provoking a deterioration in the woman's condition, an increase in blood pressure. All this leads to gestosis, preeclampsia and emergency caesarean section.

It is because of the development of such pathologies that doctors closely monitor weight gain. And even if a woman outwardly does not have edema, this does not mean that the kidneys are doing the job. The fluid can accumulate in the inner layers, and outwardly the woman will look quite healthy until serious complications occur.

Causes and consequences of being underweight

Excessive weight gain is a more formidable complication than insufficient weight gain, but poor weight gain can also have Negative consequences... The most common cause of poor weight gain is the patient's initial underweight. So, if a woman was very thin before giving birth, ate little, then most likely nothing will change during pregnancy.

It is important to note that the lack of body weight in a woman during pregnancy planning also creates some problems. Have thin women more often anovulatory cycles, irregular menstruation, endometrial hypoplasia are observed. All this greatly reduces the likelihood successful conception, normal implantation and development of the embryo.

Also, bad dialing can be caused by severe toxicosis... In some cases, nausea and vomiting pursue a woman for all 40 weeks, which is a rather serious violation.

Weight gain problems are also observed in women who do not monitor their diet. In the modern rhythm of life, girls often eat haphazardly and wherever they go. During pregnancy, you need to take this issue responsibly. It is recommended to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions; the diet should contain a lot of vegetables and fruits, dairy products, meat and fish.

The consequences of poor nutrition are always negative, both for the mother and the baby. First of all, the woman's body suffers greatly, because it gives away all the available substances developing fetus... For example, if a baby asks for calcium to form its bones, the mother's body will find it by any means, but teeth, nails, bones will suffer, they will become brittle and thin.

In the absence of certain elements, the child will also begin to suffer. Against the background of starvation of the mother, the baby may develop malformations, and such children are often born with insufficient body weight, that is, weigh less than 3 kg. Unfortunately, small babies are much more prone to infections, have a weakened immune system and develop worse in the first months of life. Of course, this is not always the case, but the risks are quite high.

To avoid pathological weight gain or lack of weight, it is necessary to treat the planning and gestation period correctly, monitor your condition and be regularly examined at the antenatal clinic.

During the planning period, it is easiest to adjust your weight in order to avoid complications in the future. If a woman is obese, it is better to reconsider her diet and exercise. If you can reduce fat mass, it will be much easier to carry a pregnancy.

Underweight women need to start eating well. This does not mean that you can eat everything to gain weight. To normalize work reproductive system eat well balanced. To do this, it is advisable to calculate KBZHU, according to age and physical activity and stick to the plan.

During pregnancy, strict diets are prohibited, even if there is pathological gain... On the recommendation of a gynecologist, a fasting day can be carried out once a week, the rest of the time the diet should be balanced. Women are advised to eat:

cereals;
vegetables;
fruits;
berries;
nuts, honey;
eggs;
meat and fish;
dairy products.

It is better to exclude from the diet all food with dyes, preservatives, too salty and spicy, sweet. This limitation especially applies to women with kidney pathologies, since unhealthy food leads to the fact that urine begins to irritate the organs of the urinary system and provoke inflammatory processes.

Important in pregnancy and drinking regimen... Both an excess of fluid and its lack can lead to the formation of edema. Therefore, a woman should drink at least 2 liters per day. pure water without gas.

Instructions

Most often, weight does not come in those who are tormented by the strong. Even special drugs do not always help to get rid of it. If you can't look at food at all, visit your gynecologist and talk about the problem. You may be admitted to the hospital for severe seizures. In milder cases, you just need to walk and move more. Ordinary vitamin C can also induce appetite. Eat one tablet 30 minutes before a meal, and only then sit down to eat.

Try to eat as many fresh fruits as possible, and if you are not allergic, citrus fruits. They will not only improve your appetite, but also strengthen your immune system. Also eat meat or fish daily, protein is essential for normal weight gain. But do not forget about flour and cereal products either, it is from carbohydrates that the weight increases. But be careful and weigh yourself periodically between hospital appointments, as the weight may start to stay faster than you would like.

If you cannot gain weight at all, try to increase at least muscle mass... To do this, either do some simple exercises at home, or sign up for a course for women. But in any case, before deciding on physical education, visit a doctor and consult on this issue, because not everyone can run, jump or exercise on simulators. If you have no contraindications, then after a short period of time you will notice a slight weight gain. This is not always associated with the formation of muscle tissue, sometimes the appetite simply increases due to physical activity and they start to eat a little more.

For some women, the usual complex helps to solve this problem. vitamin preparation... He makes up for the lack essential substances, food begins to be better absorbed, and, accordingly, the weight comes. You can also eat infant formula, but it is prescribed more often if there is a lack of weights but it helps women too.

Unfortunately, some special ways gain weight does not exist. You need to eat often and high-quality food, move around and rejoice at being born soon. And solve all the problems that arise together with the gynecologist who observes your course. It is possible that you do not need to gain weight either, because it all depends on individual characteristics organism.

Sources:

how pregnant women should gain weight

Pregnancy is a particularly important and crucial period in a woman's life. She feels how a baby grows and develops inside her. For the normal development of the fetus, it is necessary that the mother regularly receive a varied and balanced diet in strict the required amount... One of the factors that allows us to conclude whether they are eating right pregnant woman is the weight.

Instructions

Saving on food during this period is simply unacceptable. All other costs can be cut as much as possible, but pregnant should receive enough food. In some cases with a deficiency the weight ah, children are born, the weight boxes less than 2.5 kg. Accordingly, such newborns develop more slowly and get sick more often compared to their robust peers.

Of course, some kind of "reference", mandatory for the addition the weight but no. After all, each pregnant female the weight depending on a number of factors. It is necessary to consult with an experienced, qualified doctor in order to draw up your own, individual schedule, which should be guided by.

If the first one is difficult ( severe toxicosis, general feeling unwell), kit the weight and can be very small, less than 1 kilogram. V individual cases the weight may not increase at all. With a more or less mild course of pregnancy (moderate or practically absent toxicosis), a set the weight a is, as a rule, from 1 to 2 kilograms. If pregnant young age(less than 18 years old), with a mild course of pregnancy, an addition of 2 to 3 kilograms is considered the norm.

The second trimester in most cases is characterized by a constant, measured increase the weight a. This process seems to be stabilizing. Weekly addition the weight but fluctuates between 0.3 and 0.5 kilograms, that is, per month pregnant a woman should be about 1.3 - 2.2 kilograms. And this continues also in, right up to childbirth.

Do not be alarmed when you find a slight deviation from the schedule. It is perfect normal phenomenon... But if the deviation is significant, you should consult a doctor, undergo an examination, and make adjustments to the diet.

Also, one should not allow a large excess the weight... Since this can damage when, and it will be difficult to get rid of those extra pounds later. Therefore, although many pregnant women from the beginning of the second trimester feel "wolfish appetite", you still need to try to control yourself.

Sources:

how can a pregnant woman not gain weight

It is quite natural to gain extra pounds during this time, because another person is growing in your body. but improper nutrition and lifestyle can cause a large number fat mass, which is not only absolutely unnecessary, but can also negatively affect the health of a pregnant woman and an unborn baby.

Instructions

To ensure that your weight is always within the permissible norm, follow the diet. Every morning, be sure to eat a full breakfast, consisting of, cereal, fruits and other useful products... All food consumed in the morning is perfectly absorbed by the body, and is not deposited in the fat layer. In addition, after a hearty breakfast, you will not want to eat a lot during lunch.

Give preference to quality food. Avoid fast food and convenience foods, try not to eat in fast food outlets. Such food not only contains many dangerous carcinogens and fats that are difficult to remove from the body, but can also be made from spoiled foods. Remember that the very best dish is prepared with fresh ingredients.

Reduce consumption as much as possible harmful products... These are smoked meats, pickles, seasonings, carbonated drinks, flour. They negatively affect work. gastrointestinal tract cause swelling and more food intake. Indeed, with sauce or pickles, you can eat much more meat and potatoes.

Eat a balanced diet. Try to compose your diet in such a way that it contains not only proteins and carbohydrates, but also vitamins, useful trace elements and even vegetable fats, such as those found in fish. Eat different types meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. Choose yoghurt or some kind of fruit when you need to eat.

Drink plenty of fluids. Better if it is ordinary clean water without gas. It removes toxins from the body, which are often the cause of toxicosis, promotes normal digestion and dulls appetite. Preferably at least 2 liters of water per day.

Move more. If yours is proceeding normally, do special exercises for expectant mothers, after consulting a doctor about it. Walk a lot on fresh air and go to the pool. Swimming, by the way, is very useful during this period. Thanks to him, the necessary muscles are trained, tension is relieved and the spine is resting. Just before visiting, be sure to consult your doctor.

Stop eating at night. Especially sandwiches, pickles or confectionery... At strong feeling hunger, eat any fruits or vegetables without bread.

Sources:

How not to gain weight during pregnancy in 2018
how not to gain weight during pregnancy in 2018

Some women gain a lot during pregnancy, because they think that in their position they need to eat a lot. However, excess food will not only ruin your figure, but also complicate it. To prevent this, you need to take care of yourself and try not to gain unnecessary pounds.

Instructions

You don't need to stop eating altogether for fear of getting better. On the contrary, in order to pass without consequences for the figure, experts recommend eating often, but in small portions. Make sure you have a full breakfast, lunch and dinner every day. Between main meals, have lunches that may be lower in calories, but must be nutritious.

Eat right. Choose foods that are high in calories but healthy. It can be nuts, dried fruits. Eat foods that the body needs, filling it, thereby, with the necessary vitamins. Replace baked goods, sweets, syrups with fruits, baked potatoes, vegetables, herbs, peas.

Give up fatty, sweet, spicy, fried, smoked. These are all the extra calories and stress on the liver. If you are afraid that your diet is not varied enough or you simply cannot eat a number of foods, take vitamins that will make up for the lack of vitamins.

You can't starve during. By tormenting yourself with the diet, you will eat even more. You will have a wolfish appetite and you will eat much more than if you had not tormented your body. Choose lean meats and milk, prefer baked ones rather than fried foods.

Follow your drinking regime. If the body does not have enough water, the feeling of hunger is exacerbated. A pregnant woman needs to drink at least three liters of clean water daily to beneficial features had an effect. You also don’t need to give up salt completely. Salt and water cleanse the body of unnecessary toxins and normalize its normal functioning.

Play sports, because pregnancy is not a disease, but a pleasant waiting period. Don't darken this time. If you have no contraindications, physical exercises will not only be safe, but even useful for mom and baby. Find the best exercise routine for yourself to help you keep your weight down.

Exists huge selection exercises for. It can be aerobics, calanetics, yoga, relaxation exercises, classes. The main requirement before starting training is to pass full examination.

Don't lie all nine on the couch. Find as many things to do as possible. This way you have less time to stay for snacks and physical activity will keep the muscles in good shape.

Helpful advice

Check your weight every seven days. If the weight gain is 500 grams per week, you are consuming the right number of calories.

Sources:

how not to get too much for pregnant women in 2018

The main weight gain in a pregnant woman begins from the twentieth week of gestation. It is very important to monitor during this period how correctly the weight is added so that it is not above or below normal. How exactly should a pregnant woman gain weight, and what is in in this case the norm?

Instructions

If a woman during pregnancy is registered with an antenatal clinic or a medical family perinatal center- the doctor is obliged to monitor the condition of the weight of the pregnant woman throughout the entire period of gestation.

An observation schedule is built according to the weight of each woman, which was recorded at the time of her registration. If the weight exceeds the norm or does not get there, the doctor informs the woman about this, tells her how to eat, so that the next time at the next consultation, the weight indicators are normal.

You can help your doctor by monitoring your weight yourself. For the entire pregnancy, a woman should gain about 10-12 kilograms. A large number of gained kilos burdens the processes of gestation, future childbirth.

At the beginning of pregnancy, a woman will gain an extra couple of kilograms, no more. But starting from the 20th week, when the addition weight goes especially quickly, measure it with a bathroom scale every day. During the week, it is normal during this period to add no more than three hundred to four hundred grams.

In the event that the weight is overweight, review your diet in the near future. Use less salt. Replace too high-calorie fatty meals with a lot of vegetables and fruits. Do not use mayonnaise, other fatty sauces.

For protein foods, choose less fatty varieties. Eat poultry without the skin, do not fry the meat, but boil it or bake it. Reduce the fat content of dairy products. Replace sweets, cakes, pastries, sugar in the diet for dried fruits, light desserts, apples, pears that are more useful for you during this period.

note

Gynecologists-obstetricians calculate in a special way the rate of weight gain in pregnant women. To do this, specialists build a scale for each patient, according to which for every 10 cm of the patient's height within a week, there should be no more than 22 grams of weight. For example, a woman with a height of 150 cm will be the norm to gain weight every week no more than 330 grams. If a woman is 180 cm tall, then 400 grams per week of weight gain will be the norm for her.

The time of pregnancy is the time of changes in the body of the expectant mother. As the baby develops and grows future mom gaining weight. But there is fundamental difference between healthy and overweight.

Instructions

What weight gain is considered correct. How to regulate it. Insufficient recruitment weight, like being overweight, can harm the health of the expectant mother and baby. If we talk about being overweight, then it is undesirable for a woman to gain overweight during pregnancy. Excess weight can provoke the likelihood of diabetes and late toxicosis.

For women waiting for a new addition to the family, there is weight gain. You can install it on your phone. The developers took into account your height, age, and original weight. All you need to do is weigh yourself weekly and add your results to the table. The weight gain scale will let you know when the weight will be overweight or not enough. It is easier if the weight is less than the norm, it is easier to gain it, but if there is still a threat of overweight, then you should start monitoring your diet.

An expectant mother cannot go hungry. Make a menu for every day. Better if done by a professional nutritionist. The diet should contain trace elements, calcium, iron, vitamins. Eat small and frequent. Have snacks. It is better to refuse to eat food before bedtime. Drink plenty of water if you are not puffy. It is good to drink a glass of water 30 minutes before meals. Herbal teas contain many nutrients and help reduce appetite. Pamper yourself fresh juices... Do not eat flour products baked from the finest flours. Do not drink sparkling water or other carbonated drinks. Do not eat fatty meats and products from it. Forget fast food, crackers and chips. Avoid salty and too spicy foods. You can afford fasting days, but this should definitely be discussed with the gynecologist.

Exercise and exercise. There are courses for expectant mothers, where, in addition to the fact that you can burn calories, you will be taught how to behave correctly. Swimming is considered very useful during pregnancy. Sign up for the pool. Don't chase records, even non-professional swimming burns enough calories. Good mood affects your well-being. Smile often and chat with your friends. If you keep yourself busy interesting thing, a hobby - this will allow you to think less about food and avoid unnecessary snacks. Walk in the fresh air more often. Get enough sleep. Lack of sleep is also a cause of excess weight.

Weight gain during pregnancy - important process, which largely determines the development of the baby. Therefore, it is important that weight gain is within normal limits. How should this process be?

The increase in the weight of a pregnant woman as the baby develops is an essential indicator by which the doctor monitors the progress of pregnancy. How exactly should you gain weight?

General characteristics of the weight gain process

In total, during pregnancy, a woman normally usually adds 10-12 kilograms to the body weight that she had before conceiving a baby. In this case, the intensity of the increase will not be the same in different periods pregnancy. In the first three months, that is, in the first trimester, a slight increase of 1-2 kilograms usually occurs, which will be practically invisible to an outside observer. The most intense weight gain occurs in the second and third trimesters. The limits of the daily weight gain are 50 grams, the weekly increase can be 300-500 grams, and it is advisable for the expectant mother to add no more than 2 kilograms per month. At the same time, a few days before the birth itself, the weight may even slightly decrease: this happens due to the withdrawal of excess fluid from the body, preparing for the birth of the baby.

Weight gain based on initial body weight

However, experts, when assessing whether a particular situation fits within the boundaries of the norm, usually focus not so much on this figure as on the woman's weight before pregnancy. The fact is that it is this indicator that is key in determining the rate of weight gain in each specific case. And in order to determine the required ratio, you should be guided by the so-called body mass index (BMI). This indicator is quite simple to calculate on your own: for this you need to divide the “pre-pregnant” weight in kilograms by the squared value of height in centimeters. For example, if your height is 170 centimeters, and your weight before pregnancy was 65 kilograms, then BMI = 65 / (1.7 * 1.7) = 22.49.
The specified parameter allows you to determine the approximate limits of the rate of weight gain. Moreover, the more your weight was before the onset of this event, the more likely your body weight gain will be. So, if your BMI before conceiving a baby was 18.5, indicating a lack of body weight, you can add a total of 12 to 18 kilograms. If the BMI was within the normal range, that is, it ranged from 18.5 to 25, the weight gain can be 10-12 kilograms. Excess weight body, characterized by a BMI value of 25 to 30, should increase by only 7-10 kilograms. And with obesity, when the BMI was at least 30, weight gain can only be 6 kilograms or even less.

Eat vegetables fresh or steam them with the addition of small amount spices. For refueling use lemon juice or some soy sauce. Use a non-stick skillet. Thanks to this, you can avoid the use of sunflower seeds, butter or margarine while cooking. Replace fatty meats and fish with lean ones. At the restaurant, order healthy salads and light meals rather than main courses.

To stop gaining weight and lose weight, start by reducing your daily calorie intake by 500 units. Also add some physical activity, such as walking up the stairs and avoiding the elevator. Do some form of fitness. All this will allow you to lose about 2 kilograms per week.

Reasons for weight gain during pregnancy

All the kilograms gained during pregnancy are spent by the body very rationally. Why does he need so much?

child 3 kg;
uterus 1 kg;
500 g;
amniotic fluid 1 kg;
additional blood 1.5 l;
chest 500 g;
water 2 kg;
fat deposits in reserve 4 kg.

The indicators are rather approximate and individual, but they show why weight gain occurs and where all these gained kilograms go. Edema or incorrect unbalanced diet... In such cases, doctors usually recommend reducing the amount of water and food.

Deviations from the norm

What if you are having trouble gaining weight during pregnancy on the chart above? First, you should regularly consult your pregnancy doctor about this. And secondly, take only those actions that he tells you.

1. Sharp weight gain during pregnancy

Weight gain will complicate pregnancy by making it too heavy to wear own body, when a week ago the weight was practically not felt, but today it has already turned into a significant figure, even if it does not exceed the norm. This can be an unnecessary burden for various bodies- stomach, Bladder, hearts. But they already have to work almost for two. Will they handle it? If you feel that you are starting to gain weight dramatically, you do not need to go on a diet. After all, the cause of this phenomenon can be the usual edema for pregnancy.

2. Excess weight gain during pregnancy

It will be much worse for those who are gaining excess weight, significantly going beyond the schedule. Excessively gained kilograms will not give internal organs(and above all - the kidneys) to function normally. In such cases, as a rule, fluid retention occurs in the body, which leads to. All these processes will negatively affect both the formation and development of the baby at any stage of pregnancy. In this case, it is already worth thinking about some kind of diet and nutritional balancing, but again only with the permission of the doctor.

3. Small set pregnancy weight

If the indicators given in the table cannot be caught up in any way, this is also fraught with consequences not only for health, but also for the life of the baby. Mom in this case will not be able to provide it. good nutrition and all the vitamins and minerals it needs. This will affect the formation of various life systems, which can lead to premature termination of pregnancy.

During pregnancy sometimes occur and special cases when weight gain is calculated purely individually.

Special cases

Doctors refer to such cases as multiple pregnancies.

With multiple pregnancies, you need to try to squeeze into the frame from 16 to 21 kg. Do not allow one of your babies to starve inside the womb and receive less of the substances it needs.

2. Weight gain during the second pregnancy

May be 2-3 kg ahead of the schedule data. This is the norm, so don't worry.

Considering all these nuances, you can quickly navigate the optimal numbers and no longer worry about this, keeping track of your diet and its amount. Compliance with the norm will help to endure healthy baby, avoid complications during childbirth and maintain your own health.

Pregnancy is a period in a woman's life when every kilogram gained is perceived joyfully. And if in the first trimester the weight of the expectant mother changes slightly, then since it begins to grow steadily. During this period, it is important not to go "beyond the bounds of what is permissible" and not to gain excess weight, which can significantly complicate the process of pregnancy and, accordingly, the birth itself.

We weigh ourselves correctly

Weighing is an obligatory ritual of a pregnant woman. The most accurate readings can be obtained by getting on the scales in the morning before breakfast. For this procedure, choose one piece of clothing and try not to change it at each weigh-in: this way you will see the most accurate indicators of weight change. Write the resulting numbers in a special notebook.

In addition, once a month (after 28 weeks - 2 times), before going to the doctor's appointment, the expectant mother is weighed in the antenatal clinic.

Average weight gain during pregnancy

A woman during pregnancy should gain from 9 to 14 kg while waiting twins - from 16 to 21 kg... It is worth emphasizing that this indicator is calculated on the basis of average data, and may vary upward and downward.

V first trimester weight does not change much: a woman usually gains no more than 2 kg. Already starting from the second trimester it changes more rapidly: 1 kg per month (or up to 300 g per week), and after seven months - up to 400 g per week (about 50 g per day). A bad signal will be complete absence weight gain or a rapid jump.

Such a calculation does not always show the real picture of weight change, because some women can greatly gain weight at the very beginning of pregnancy, while others, on the contrary, get fat before childbirth.

How does a woman gain weight during pregnancy?

The main part of the gained kilograms falls on the share of the child himself, whose weight, on average, is about 3-4 kg. Exactly the same amount is allocated by doctors for body fat. The uterus and amniotic fluid weigh up to 2 kg, the increase in blood volume is about 1.5-1.7 kg. At the same time, the afterbirth and enlargement of the mammary glands (0.5 kg each point) are not lost from attention. The weight of the extra fluid in a pregnant woman's body can range from 1.5 to 2.8 kg.

Based on these calculations, the expectant mother can gain up to 14 kg of weight and not worry about extra pounds.

Factors affecting the number of pounds gained

A number of factors affect how many kilograms a woman will eventually gain during pregnancy:

the initial weight of the expectant mother

It is interesting that thin young ladies are gaining weight much faster than ladies in the body. And the farther from the norm was their "pre-pregnant" weight, the faster it will change in positive side in the process of carrying a baby.

tendency to corpulence

Even if you stuck strict diet and performed effective physical exercises before pregnancy, during a happy wait, nature will still give you a couple of extra pounds.

large fruit

This is a natural indicator. A woman expecting a large baby is gaining more than average herself.

dropsy of pregnant women

Swelling signals the accumulation of a large amount of fluid in the body, which also tends to "weigh down" its owner.

toxicosis of the first and preeclampsia of the third trimesters of pregnancy

The nausea and vomiting that often accompany these conditions can lead to weight loss.

increased appetite

This factor, directly related to an increase in estrogen levels, a pregnant woman simply must take under control, otherwise she faces a set of extra, absolutely unnecessary, pounds.

polyhydramnios

An increase in the amount of amniotic fluid also affects the number of kilograms shown on the arrow of the scale.

V mature age a woman is more prone to exceeding the weight gain standards set by doctors.

Formula for calculating the rate of weight gain during pregnancy

Each pregnant woman can independently calculate the weight gain permissible for her physique during pregnancy. First you need to get your body mass index (BMI). It is calculated very easily: you need to divide the weight in kilograms by the height in square meters.

Pregnancy weight gain chart

There is a conditional division of women by body type, based on the body mass index:

Group 1 (up to 19.8) - thin women;
Group 2 (19.8-26) - women of average build;
Group 3 (from 26) - obese women.

Knowing the index, just check your readings during weighing with the numbers in a special table:

Week of pregnancy	BMI<19.8	BMI = 19.8 - 26.0	BMI> 26.0
Week of pregnancy	Weight gain, kg
2	0.5	0.5	0.5
4	0.9	0.7	0.5
6	1.4	1.0	0.6
8	1.6.	1.2	0.7
10	1.8	1.3	0.8
12	2.0	1.5	0.9
14	2.7	1.9	1.0
16	3.2	2.3	1.4
18	4.5	3.6	2.3
20	5.4	4.8	2.9
22	6.8	5.7	3.4
24	7.7	6.4	3.9
26	8.6	7.7	5.0
28	9.8	8.2	5.4
30	10.2	9.1	5.9
32	11.3	10.0	6.4
34	12.5	10.9	7.3
36	13.6	11.8	7.9
38	14.5	12.7	8.6
40	15.2	13.6	9.1

When calculating the permissible weight gain, you can also be guided by the average scale physiological gain, which is used by doctors from the 7th month of pregnancy. Based on the data of this scale, the expectant mother should gain about 20 g per week for every 10 cm of her height.

All women, one way or another, pay attention to their weight, but if in ordinary life diets, exercise stress and other activities are designed only for your body, then with the onset of pregnancy you are responsible for the health of two. And, consequently, in a special state and norms will be different. In this article we will use the terms "weight" and "body mass", in this context they are one and the same.

Total weight gain during pregnancy Is a measure of weight gain from a diagnosed pregnancy to delivery.

The biological value of weight gain during pregnancy is to create additional protection for fetal egg and the fruit of the place. Adipose tissue during pregnancy, it is deposited mainly in the area of the mammary glands, buttocks, thighs and abdomen. In addition to mechanical protection, fat plays an energy-storing role in case of hunger, it happened evolutionarily and your body simply performs its assigned task.

Why control weight during pregnancy?

Optimal weight gain is one of the indicators of a normal pregnancy.

When registering, you will be asked:

Do your blood relatives (mother, grandmother, Native sister) obesity, diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome (complex metabolic disorder),

Was overweight before,

Was there a sudden weight gain or loss and, if so, how did this affect the menstrual cycle,

How much weight did you gain in a previous pregnancy (if this pregnancy not the first), whether you regained your weight and how quickly.

They will also measure height and body weight.

Weight control is carried out every turnout and helps to suspect the development of various pathological conditions... At home, body weight control is carried out weekly, in the morning you are weighed on an empty stomach, after morning toilet, in the same clothes. You are expected to weigh yourself in approximately the same clothing upon arrival to avoid diagnostic errors.

Initially, a woman has a certain weight index; body mass index is used to objectively assess it.

Body mass index (BMI)- a relative value that allows you to assess the degree of conformity of a person's mass to his height.

To calculate the BMI, you need to square the height in meters (for example, 1.75 × 1.75 = 3.06). Then divide the weight in kilograms by the height squared (for example, 67 ÷ 3.06 = 21.9 and this is the norm).

BMI< 16 – выраженный дефицит массы тела (истощение)
BMI = 16-18.5 - underweight
BMI = 18.5-25 - normal weight
BMI = 25-30 - overweight
BMI = 30-35 - first degree obesity
BMI = 35-40 - second degree obesity
BMI = 40 or more - obesity of the third degree or morbid (pathological, painful).

Given the original body weight, allowable increase body weight.

Women with a BMI less than 16

Young pregnant women (less than 18 years of age) who are still growing and need optimal nutritional intake

Women with multiple pregnancy(especially if it is a triplet / quadruple and so on).

For the rest of the patients, the following is given. table of total weight gain during pregnancy.

Weight gain by week.

Weight gain is uneven, about 40% of the increase occurs in the 1st half of pregnancy, and 60% in the second.

Not all women start gaining from the very beginning of pregnancy. In the first weeks, even a decrease in body weight is possible, caused by toxicosis, vomiting of pregnant women, and a decrease in appetite. In some women, the increase begins only at 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Weight gain is not only due to the accumulation of fat mass in the mother and the increase in fetal weight. Weight gain is a cumulative concept and includes several components:

1) Full-term fetus (values from 2500 to 4000 grams are considered normal, average weight 3500 grams)

2) Placenta (weight about 600 grams)

3) The umbilical cord and fetal membranes(about 500 - 600 grams)

4) Amniotic fluid or amniotic fluid(about 1 liter)

5) Uterus (during pregnancy, the uterus is significantly stretched, muscle fibers are rearranged, its massive blood supply is carried out, and the mass is about 1 kg)

6) The volume of circulating blood in the "mother - placenta - fetus" system (or "third circle of blood circulation", which is 1.5 - 2 liters)

7) Deposition of subcutaneous fat, gradual development mammary glands (about 2 - 3 kg)

We bring a table showing the approximate numbers of weight gain by week of pregnancy... However, you should always discuss this with the obstetrician / gynecologist who is handling your pregnancy.

Pregnancy period in weeks	Baseline BMI<18.5	Baseline BMI 18.5 - 25	Baseline BMI 30 or more
4	0 - 0.9 kg	0 - 0.7 kg	0 - 0.5 kg
6	0 - 1.4 kg	0 - 1 kg	0 - 0.6 kg
8	0 - 1.6 kg	0 - 1.2 kg	0 - 0.7 kg
10	0 - 1.8 kg	0 - 1.3 kg	0 - 0.8 kg
12	0 - 2 kg	0 - 1.5 kg	0 - 1 kg
14	0.5 - 2.7 kg	0.5 - 2 kg	0.5 - 1.2 kg
16	Up to 3.6 kg	Up to 3 kg	Up to 1.4 kg
18	Up to 4.6 kg	Up to 4 kg	Up to 2.3 kg
20	Up to 6 kg	Up to 5.9 kg	Up to 2.9 kg
22	Up to 7.2 kg	Up to 7 kg	Up to 3.4 kg
24	Up to 8.6 kg	Up to 8.5 kg	Up to 3.9 kg
26	Up to 10 kg	Up to 10 kg	Up to 5 kg
28	Up to 13 kg	Up to 11 kg	Up to 5.4 kg
30	Up to 14 kg	Up to 12 kg	Up to 5.9 kg
32	Up to 15 kg	Up to 13 kg	Up to 6.4 kg
34	Up to 16 kg	Up to 14 kg	Up to 7.3 kg
36	Up to 17 kg	Up to 15 kg	Up to 7.9 kg
38	Up to 18 kg	Up to 16 kg	Up to 8.6 kg
40	Up to 18 kg	Up to 16 kg	Up to 9.1 kg

Of all the indicators that add up to the total weight gain, we are especially worried about fetal growth, since low birth weight is associated with a high risk of many diseases.

Pregnancy period in weeks	Fruit weight in grams
11	11
12	19
13	31
14	52
15	77
16	118
17	160
18	217
19	270
20	345
21	416
22	506
23	607
24	733
25	844
26	969
27	1135
28	1319
29	1482
30	1636
31	1779
32	1930
33	2088
34	2248
35	2414
36	2612
37	2820
38	2992
39	3170
40	3373

All indicators given here are an average, and you should not thoroughly check your ultrasound data with our table. The main thing in observing the growth of the fetus is not even the absolute weight of the body, but the dynamics of its increase. At the beginning of pregnancy, the rate of increase is about 10 - 60 grams per week, and in the third trimester it is already about 100 - 300 grams per week. We have given the approximate values, and if you are worried about the weight of the baby, then you must additionally ask your obstetrician-gynecologist.

Normally, weight gain during pregnancy is smooth, without sudden jumps and, as a result, fits into the given norms. However, this is not always the case.

Excessive weight gain

Excessive weight gain can be diagnosed over a certain period (for example, if the weight gain in 1 week was 4 kg) or over the entire period of pregnancy. The earlier a tendency towards pathological weight gain is detected, the more effective the treatment is.

Criteria for excess weight gain:

More than 2 kg in 1 week for any period
- more than 4 kg in total for the first 3 months
- more than 1.5 kg monthly for the second trimester
- more than 800 grams in 1 week in the third trimester

Causes:

Overeating / inappropriate nutrition (excessive intake of salt, simple carbohydrates, fatty foods, foods with preservatives, fast food)

Excessive fluid intake

Sedentary lifestyle

Chronic diseases that existed before pregnancy (diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, varicose veins, etc.)

Complications or what threatens overweight during pregnancy?

For the mother:

1. Increased blood pressure
2. Development of edema
3. Development of preeclampsia
4. Gestational diabetes mellitus
5. Varicose veins
6. Complications from the urinary tract (gestational pyelonephritis)
7. Symphysiopathies and other complications from the musculoskeletal system
8. Premature aging of the placenta
9. Threat of premature birth (the main reason will be hormonal imbalance)
10. Risk of prolonged pregnancy, weakness of labor forces or discoordination of labor
11. Risk of IRP (premature rupture of amniotic fluid)
12. Technical difficulties during the caesarean section

First of all, women with excessive weight gain are at risk of developing preeclampsia. If an alarming dynamics of weight is revealed, then the patient will be examined by a doctor more often, according to indications, an additional examination will be prescribed or hospitalization will be offered.

For a child:

1. Fetal hypotrophy, or vice versa, the birth of large-bodied children (more than 4000 grams) or children - giants (more than 5000 grams).

2. Fetal hypoxia due to placental disorders

3. Disproportionate development (inconsistency in the development of the size of the head, shoulder girdle and pelvis). This point is especially important in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in the mother, since at the same time diabetic fetopathy develops (“fetos” is a fetus in Greek “fetus”), which includes many indicators, including obesity in the shoulder girdle, which creates difficulty in childbirth and increases the risk of birth injury.

4. Increased risk of neurological pathology (convulsive syndrome and others)

5. Increased risk of obesity and diabetes in the future

What to do?

I. Inspection

1) Complete blood count (CBC)
2) General urine analysis or OAM (primarily the presence of protein in the urine)
3) Biochemical blood test or BAC (primarily blood sugar)
4) Consultation of a therapist, endocrinologist
5) Daily monitoring of blood pressure according to indications
6) Monitoring the condition of the fetus (ultrasound, dopplerometry, cardiotocography)

II. Treatment

1) Balanced diet.

At first glance, the simplest recommendation would be “eat right”, but it is more difficult to follow than to buy pills at the pharmacy. You should treat your meal planning and meal planning as a regular activity that cannot be delayed. The time while you carry the baby under your heart is given so that you give him the maximum possible.

Assurances of others that now you should "eat for two" is a fundamentally wrong statement. The calorie content of food should increase by an average of 200-300 kilocalories per day, but the consumption of protein, iron, calcium, folates and other macro- and micronutrients really increases significantly, but these useful elements are usually found in low-calorie foods (liver, low-fat meat, milk and lettuce).

The daily diet should include three main meals and two to three snacks.

Healthy snacks are fruits, vegetables, unsweetened yogurt, and bran bread croutons. You should always have a snack with you.

A pregnant woman should never be hungry!

It is recommended to include in the diet: lean meat in boiled, baked and grilled types, all types of fish, eggs, all dairy and sour milk products (limit sour cream, heavy cream and butter), vegetables (limit potatoes, consume it boiled or baked), fruits ( limit grapes, bananas, melon), dried fruits, cereals (limit semolina and polished rice), bran / gray bread, legumes (if their use does not cause flatulence and does not affect the stool), vegetable oils for salad dressing.

In limited quantities: fried foods, marmalade, chocolate, marshmallow, candy, honey, nuts, candied fruits, potatoes, bananas, grapes, melon, butter, heavy cream, sour cream.

Salt provokes the retention of excess fluid in the tissues, which is fraught with the development of edema. It is very difficult to calculate the recommended 5 grams of salt per day, but try at least not to add salt to ready-made food, use mustard and lemon juice for dressing salads, and avoid foods with a record salt content (sausages and sausages, chips, ready-made croutons, etc.) ).

You can also arrange fasting days (kefir, cottage cheese, vegetable, apple). On such days, you leave yourself a full meal, and replace other meals with the chosen product. But you should not be hungry, the rule of 5 - 6 meals a day must be observed.

It is also necessary to observe the optimal drinking regimen ... On average, the amount of liquid consumed per day should be 1200 - 1500 ml, this includes tea, coffee and other drinks, liquid in soups and cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables. It will not be possible to calculate for sure, but this is not required, it is important to understand the approximate volume. Most of the consumed volume should be clean water.

2) Fight constipation.

Irregular bowel activity leads to the formation of gas, makes it difficult to absorb even those nutrients that you consume, so you need to strive to ensure that stool retention does not last more than 1 - 2 days.

Eat a salad of white cabbage, carrots and boiled beets at night
- eat 6 dried apricots or prunes daily
- if these products are ineffective during pregnancy, it is allowed to use osmotic laxatives based on lactulose (normase, duphalac, romfalak, goodluck, lactulozastada), take them 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon. Sometimes it is enough 1 tablespoon of the drug at night to have a chair in the morning.

Fitness for pregnant women is gaining popularity now, in fact, a lot of the program can be done at home, especially if you purchase a fitball (a soft rubber gymnastic ball of large sizes).

Any physical activity should be consistent with the state of health and tone of the uterus.

4) Herbal diuretics(if the weight gain is due to edema).

Used kanefron (2 tablets 3 times a day), lingoniver (brew 1 filter bag 3-4 times a day), the duration of taking both drugs is determined by your doctor.

Also in this case, positional therapy will be beneficial: take the knee-elbow position for 3-15 minutes up to 6 times a day according to your well-being.

Diet with restriction of carbohydrates, insulin therapy according to indications.

Insufficient weight gain.

Insufficient weight gain means a lack of intake of a sufficient amount of nutrients and vitamins into the body of a pregnant woman. If the mother does not receive enough food, then the future baby will soon be deprived.

Causes:

Malnutrition / malnutrition

Long-term chronic diseases (cardiovascular and bronchopulmonary diseases, diseases of the digestive tract, infectious diseases, including HIV infection and hepatitis)

Bad habits (smoking, alcohol, psychoactive substances)

Malnutrition is the most common cause, and it does not always concern socially disadvantaged patients. It should be remembered that pregnancy is not the time for dieting. We have given recommendations for good nutrition above. The only difference is that patients with insufficient weight gain do not need to limit themselves to the use of bananas, fatty dairy products and vegetable oil.

The approach is obvious with bad habits, they are incompatible with pregnancy, and you need to quit as soon as you find out about the onset of pregnancy.

Complications caused by insufficient weight gain:

For the mother:

1) Complicated pregnancy (threat of termination of pregnancy)
2) Complicated labor (discoordination of labor, weakness of labor)
3) Anemia, hypovitaminosis (manifestations will be weakness, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss)

For a child:

1) Fetal hypotrophy (low weight), fetal growth retardation (lagging behind the gestational age).

2) Chronic fetal hypoxia, the risk of antenatal fetal death increases.

3) The incidence of malformations increases (with a deficiency of folic acid, the risk of defects in the nervous system increases), the risk of immunodeficiency in the future.

What to do?

I. Inspection

1) UAC
2) OAM
3) LHC
4) ultrasound of internal organs and kidneys
5) Screening for STIs according to indications
6) Consultations of specialized specialists (infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist, nephrologist)

II. Treatment

1) Rational nutrition (see above)
2) Additional food.

Pregnant women who are underweight and / or anemic (starting with moderate severity) are prescribed additional nutrition free of charge, for example, Juno instant dry mixture, which is taken 3 tablespoons per day.

3) Treatment of vomiting of a pregnant woman

Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy, vomiting of a pregnant woman lead to a sharp decrease in appetite, aversion to food and, as a result, weight loss. The nutrition of such patients should be very fractional, in small portions (if this means that you will eat 10-12 times a day for a crouton or a spoonful of yogurt, then this is your diet for this period), the food should be gentle in temperature and consistency ... It is also necessary to replenish the lost liquid and drink at least 1500 ml of liquid per day (weak tea, mineral water, natural juices and pure water). Vomiting of a pregnant woman, which is repeated more than 6 times a day and leads to a decrease in working capacity, requires medical intervention, fluid replacement by intravenous administration of saline solutions.

4) Monitoring and treatment of chronic diseases.

Pregnancy in the presence of chronic diseases should be carefully planned, and the disease should be in the stage of compensation. If the pregnancy occurred unplanned, then you should visit a specialized specialist as early as possible.

Pregnancy is a wonderful period in a woman's life, which cannot be repeated, but along with the joy of waiting for a baby, you also acquire great responsibility. And, in a sense, pregnancy is a job, so menu planning, doctor visits and diagnostic procedures, and regular weight control should be treated like work tasks. And the result will be a successful pregnancy, your well-being, uncomplicated childbirth and a healthy baby. Take care of yourself and be healthy!

Obstetrician-gynecologist A.V. Petrova

Week of pregnancy	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight