Raising a boy up to three years. Raising a three year old. How to raise a boy without a father

01.05.2019

The process of raising children is a difficult task, the results of which are not immediately visible.

Parents often think that baby you need to feed and dress according to the weather, and education can be done later. The correct and fruitful upbringing of a child from 1 year old will be only when development and education began from the cradle.

From birth to year

Raising children from 0 months - important element in pedagogical system. month old baby well distinguishes the voices of relatives and friends. At one year old baby on the subconscious level already formed habits, inclinations to a particular type of activity. Personality traits appear. For example, by the end of the third month, the baby should learn to spend some time on his own in the crib, if he sleeps with a pacifier, then fall asleep without her and motion sickness.

The upbringing of children from birth begins with regular conversations with parents, singing songs, telling fairy tales. For a baby, it is important to observe the daily routine and adhere to the rules of hygiene.

The upbringing of a newborn will be fruitful if parents use music for the development of the child, regular listening to which will help early formation speech.

It won't take long, and quickly developing baby will start crawling and soon walking. Improving the motor skills of a child at 8 months leads to active movement around the house, exploring a new space for him. Eight months - the time when you need to accustom baby to hygiene procedures: washing hands before eating, changing dirty clothes, cleaning gums and first teeth. The eighth month in a baby's life provides for the implementation of simple exercise, massage.

Raising a child at 9 months involves familiarity with the words “no” and “no”. The further upbringing of the child per year depends on how convincing the parents will be during this period.

In the ninth month, many babies make attempts to independently move around the house. Therefore, parents must ensure their safety.

First birthday

Features of the development of a person's personality are laid in early childhood. From what will be the upbringing of children from a year, the further formation of a small person depends.

It is necessary to raise children of the first year of life, taking into account their physical characteristics.

How to raise a child at 1 year old? The basis of the development of children of this age is the game. Toys will help develop a child of 1 year of life. They contribute to the formation of logic and cognitive activity.

After a year, the baby shows signs of independence. He no longer obeys his parents unconditionally, trying to express his point of view on everything that happens in his life. If he wants to explore the world alone, without the help of adults, there is no need to interfere with him. But unobtrusive help will be very helpful.

Adults should remember that at this age the child gets tired quickly, so the game should be alternated with physical activity and make sure that the baby finishes playing before he gets bored.

At the age of one and three months, the child can be offered activities related to the development of fine motor skills, which is the most in the best way affect intellectual development.

Classes with the baby should be accompanied by communication with adults, which will be an excellent basis for the formation of speech development.

From the year begins an active replenishment of the vocabulary of a small person. Do not despair if at first he does not say the words out loud. The kid will definitely remember them and pronounce them a little later.

Often, at the age of one and a half, children begin to ask for a potty themselves. However, it is not uncommon for minor troubles to occur at the age of three. It is necessary to accustom to this procedure gently and unobtrusively.

At this age, parents often complain that the baby does not obey, does not eat well and does not want to fall asleep in certain time. Don't be scolded for it. Come up with a story where your favorite cartoon character does something the kid doesn't want to do.

little explorer

Raising a child at 2 years old is about continuous communication with him, involvement in family life. However, remember that from the age of two, the desire to independently carry out various assignments increases. Don't discourage it, encourage it. At the age of 2 years small man she will be happy to carry out small assignments: she will give dad a tool, bring the right thing mom and so on.

Two years is the age when the baby does not perceive categorical prohibitions. He does not obey, shouts, in every possible way showing his disagreement. The best way out of this situation is to switch the attention of the baby to something else.

A two-year-old baby already understands what is “good” and what is “bad”. However, this does not at all prevent him from responding in his own way to the comments of adults. Therefore, you should try to talk with the baby in his language, calmly and gently explaining the consequences of certain actions.

Children 2 years old are distinguished by curiosity, they try to dress, undress and eat on their own. Such actions in a child at 2 years old should only be encouraged.

The second year of life is characterized by rapid development cognitive activity crumbs. By this time it vocabulary is replenished with new words, he calls himself by name, likes to play simple games.

The birth of the manipulator

The famous crisis of 3 years often takes parents by surprise. The cheerful baby turns into a constantly whimpering and always demanding little man. He does not obey, shouts, stamps his feet, trying to achieve any desired price. Proper upbringing three year old baby- the key to successful relationships between the crumbs and adults in the future.

3 years - turning point. At 3 years old, the baby begins to be interested in everything. He asks a lot of questions, he is interested in everything.

Rethinking life positions and relationships with people, attempts to understand one's place in the family and society, the desire for independence - this is a characteristic of the third year of life. The baby does not obey, tries in every possible way to attract attention, screams, refuses to eat.

The upbringing of a 3-year-old baby consists, first of all, in a patient explanation of the rules of behavior in specific situations. In order for him to begin to obey his parents, adults need to learn to hear him, to understand the reasons for negative behavior.

Dr. Komarovsky gives important advice to parents on raising children from 3 years old. He believes that love, patience and understanding are the ingredients that will help overcome any special period baby's life.

The kid always needs to feel the support of his parents. In this case, in no case should you impose help on the crumbs.
Be persistent but fair. If the decision is made to say “no”, then the baby must clearly understand that the parents will not change their decision.
Eliminate any reaction to the tantrum.
There is no need for parents to be hysterical. Calmly wait until the peak of expressions of emotions has passed, and switch your attention to another type of activity.

Children grow up fast and time erases many unpleasant moments growing up crumbs. Parents should be patient and show boundless love to your baby.

When a child grows up, he goes through several stages of his development, characterized by psychological and physical characteristics.

To learn how to raise a man, read the advice of psychologists that we shared with you.

How to raise a child-boy in one and two years

In the first 2 years of life, a child turns from a completely helpless baby into a little man who already has character traits.

Children aged 1-2 years have a high physical activity. As soon as they start walking, the sons begin to explore the space around them with great interest. First the room, then the whole apartment and the street.

During this period it is necessary:

Create conditions for an active lifestyle. This means that you need to walk more, allow you to run, climb, jump. Do not limit the child too much, and if his actions are dangerous, then switch his attention to another activity. Try to climb stairs with your child, do not carry him in your arms when he wants to walk. Buy some balls different size, learn to throw them at the target and catch. Many people like to climb on chairs and sofas. Allow everything that contributes to the physical development of the baby. There is also a large psychological component to this - the child learns to overcome difficulties, fight fear and turn on ingenuity, for example, to climb somewhere.

Encourage independence. Mom will have to be patient to wait for her son to take off his clothes, or with mom to reach the apartment. In such situations, you can help a little, but in no case should you do the job for the child. If, for example, you assemble a pyramid for him, over which he sat for half an hour, then you will completely kill all the desire to do anything on your own.

Encourage the pursuit of domestic work. Toddlers over 1.5 years old are very fond of repeating after adults and helping them do some things. Some like to carry a rag on the floor, others like to rattle pots, and others like to rub carrots like a mother. Let your child try to do the same as you, and it does not matter that there is a puddle of water and grated carrots on the floor. AT childhood such activities contribute to the development of both physical skills and character education.

To two years of age there is a need to develop some prohibitions, since sometimes the desires of the baby can be harmful to health and life. In addition, from the age of 2, it is necessary to gradually instill norms of behavior and introduce a system of restrictions and punishments.

At this stage of education, you can not envelop the child over-concern, limit it motor activity and curiosity, except in cases of danger.

If the baby has not yet begun to talk, then do not put pressure on him, do not force him to speak and do not show displeasure. Keep in mind that compared to girls, boys start talking later.

The main task of raising a baby up to 2 years is the development of motor skills, physical qualities and curiosity.

The main occupation of the little one at this age is the games that he loves. If the child prefers active classes- running, ball or climbing, and does not like to collect blocks and draw, then you do not need to force him. Offer it to him periodically, but don't force it.

Raising a three year old

By the age of three, babies are already consciously performing simple operations, talking and communicating with their peers. At this time, there is a clear differentiation by gender, that is, the child is aware of a boy or a girl. For the son, the main person is still the mother.

The tasks of raising a three-year-old baby are as follows:

Instill self love and belonging male gender. It is important to let the child understand that it is good to be a man. Reinforce this verbally: you are brave, strong, dexterous, and so on. You can't call your son a coward or a weakling. Such a message encourages the child to pay more attention to his father and try to imitate him. Young children who are raised in this way admire their dads, tend to spend more time with them. When the child reaches three years of age, the father should devote more time to raising his son and be patient. At this stage, relationships between them are laid, and how they begin will largely determine the character of the baby and his qualities. If dad shows excessive harshness and irritability towards his son, evades classes with him, the child will seek attention from his mother and reach out to her.

Continue to improve physical development and ensure active image life. Expand your baby's space. For normal physical and psychological development a boy needs enough space, a certain freedom. The accumulated energy needs to be released, and The best way- active games. Another thing is when the baby is hyperactive. In this case, the approach to education changes a little. Such children are not assiduous, impulsive, cannot complete a task to the end and are engaged in one or the other. Hyperactive kids require special attention, they lack self-regulation skills, so you should protect them from overwork. With such a child, it is better to draw, sculpt, build more. This must be done jointly.

Encourage research interest. Here main principle- everything is possible that is not dangerous. You can disassemble toys, even if after that they break. Do not scold for torn pants, broken cars and broken plates. Interest must be satisfied if it is not dangerous. Otherwise, you risk growing an indifferent and indifferent person.

Raising a 4 year old

By the age of four, children begin to develop emotionality.

Education at this age is as follows:

Show love and affection to your child. Numerous studies have shown that four-year-old boys are praised 4 times less than girls, and punished much more often. Therefore, do not forget that at the age of 4 your son is still a child who has fears and worries, and he cannot yet cope with them. Therefore, be patient with the baby, show that you love him. Do not think that in this case it will grow a mattress.

Learn to express emotions correctly. Do not demand restrained behavior from the child. Features of psychological development at this age do not allow him to control emotions all the time.

Expand your space. The child is growing, and for further physical development he needs more space. Get your son sports section, drive to sports grounds more often, ride a bike together. It is better for dad to do all these activities, or organize them with the whole family.

At the age of four, the formation of an idea of \u200b\u200bone's own personality as a representative of the male sex ends. At 4 years old, the baby already clearly understands that he is a boy, and considers himself to be a man.

Principles of raising a child 5-6 years old

At this age, the child has already become accustomed to kindergarten, if he attends it, and has developed the skills of behavior and communication with peers. Coming preparation period for school.

To the continuation of physical development, new tasks of education are added:

Psychological preparation for the start learning activities. It is necessary to form a desire to go to school. Then adaptation will go faster and easier. Talk only in a positive way, avoid pessimistic conversations with your spouse in the presence of a child about upcoming difficulties, because children hear and perceive everything.

Strengthening the role of the father in education. How to properly raise a father from a boy to a real man, what psychology says? Find joint hobby, which you will do at home, for example, burning, sculpting, wood carving and so on. Don't forget about outdoor games. Some children at this age are already enrolled in sport sections, but this is individual and depends on the nature and readiness of the child.

Purchase useful toys. Get your son toy tools, constructors with nuts and wrenches.

Skill building housework. Invite your son to help around the house. It is better if it will help the father in men's affairs- repair the crane, hang a shelf, disassemble something.

Principles of raising a teenager

Adolescence is a turning point and a difficult moment not only for parents, but also for the child. But not all children are having a hard time at the age of 13-14, for some transition period goes almost unnoticed.

The upbringing of a teenager is based on several principles:

"No" to total bans. In childhood, it was enough to say “no” and briefly explain the reason for the ban. For a teenager it serious occasion for conflict. Therefore, total bans should be avoided. It is necessary to build a dialogue with the child, but it must also be correct. The dialogue should not turn into a notation. Argument your position, give reasonable arguments. It is better if dad conducts the conversation, as in adolescence the dialogue between the two men will be more fruitful. Young men already feel like men, so they often do not want to listen to their mother and obey, just because she is a woman.

Communication. Despite the fact that your son is already quite mature and independent, do not neglect communication with him. Chat on different topics, be interested in his affairs, friends, support good ideas and encourage good practice.

Equality. Be on an equal footing with the child, perhaps the age when you were a teacher has already passed, and the period of partnership has come. Ask for help in what your son is better at. For example, help with a computer, printing documents, and so on. Those guys who have been involved in sports, music or other activities since childhood may want to quit. The reasons may be different, but often it is laziness, unwillingness to go, loss of interest, substitution by games and a computer. Here it is important for parents to show firmness and convince them to continue classes.

In adolescence, a young man tries to show his independence and significance, so accept him as an equal.

A mother plays an important role in a child's life. During the first few years, his mother is the whole world for him. The child depends on her not only physically, but also psychologically. In the process of growing up, the importance of the mother and how the child perceives her changes.

In order for your son to perceive you correctly, we will give some advice.

Stay a woman. Even if you are very fond of cars, designers and are fond of sports, in the eyes of your son you must be a woman. Through you, he forms the perception of the female sex and attitude towards it. Ask for help with bags, open doors, look feminine.

Be a friend. Involve your son in helping around the house, and then you will always have time to make crafts with your son, chat with him and learn about his affairs.

Never speak contemptuously of men. No problems, family discord or even divorce should make you speak ill of men in front of your son. He is also a representative of the male sex, and it is very insulting to him. In adolescence, this can lead to internal conflict in the child.

To sum up: what we learned about raising sons

The main principles of education for all age stages- Encouraging activity, curiosity and the desire to work. In childhood, only what is dangerous and beyond the scope of behavior in society is prohibited.

Actively involve your husband in raising your son. This will help him gain important practical skills, communication and masculine behavior.

Do not be afraid that you will spoil the boy with a manifestation of love and he will grow up as a sissy. It has been proven that children, to whom parents showed love and affection, grow up as confident and self-sufficient people.

So that the process of raising a child of 1-3 years does not turn into a system of prohibitions and restrictions, all the basics of correct behavior should be laid through the game. Only in this way will the baby be able to understand how to behave with other children. The task of parents is to skillfully extinguish all outbreaks of aggression and teach the child proper communication in children's team. Well, if the baby was offended, it is in the mother's power to "resolve" the situation and find the right way out of it.

Let's start with one year olds. First of all, you need to understand that a baby at this age is a researcher, he studies the world, which turned out to be much larger than his "huge" spaces. home or apartments. New objects around, and even with their own properties - sand, for example. It turns out that you can touch it with your palms, it slips so interestingly between your fingers to the ground ... You can dig a hole in it with a scoop ... You can throw sand up or to the side with all your might ... “Ay! Ah-ah-ah!" When raising children younger age remember that any kid - this is a tireless explorer - got a bucket in the forehead from a kid who was covered with sand in his hair and eyes ... It's a shame? And how! After all, he did not even notice that there was someone next to him! From the age of one to about two or three years, the child is practically occupied only with his own momentary interests.

What's this? Aggression? Of course not. A kid who is not yet able to communicate “according to the rules” may well unceremoniously upset another crumb, push, grab someone else’s toy and, as a result, get hit in the forehead with a scoop or be bitten.

How to raise a girl and a boy 1-3 years old

In order to raise a child of 1-3 years old correctly, as child psychologists advise, it is important to skillfully extinguish children's conflicts. What to do if your child is offended by peers?

First, do not panic and calm down, comfort the upset baby. At the same time, do not calm down with hysteria in your voice, they say, what a horror! And calmly, with sympathy, benevolently: “It happens, baby. The boy must have wanted to play with you, but didn't know how to say it." Indeed, in reality, no one has offended anyone, but it hurts and hurts even when baby will fall, hurt himself on the door frame or prick his finger.
Secondly, not getting angry and not lecturing a one-year-old "offender" is useless. At this age, children cannot empathize and feel “someone else's” pain, they cannot perceive “bans on fighting”.
Therefore, briefly and calmly say: “My child must not be beaten. Marusya (Vitya, Kostya, Lyudochka ...) hurts, ”for now this is enough. And your baby will be sure: mom is there and will always protect.
You should just be constantly nearby and, if possible, ensure the safety of the kids - for example, in time to intercept a hand with a spatula, brought above your child's head.
Talk to other parents, try to work together to help toddlers make “exchanges” of toys when they are in the sandbox.

When raising young children preschool age remember that it depends on adults what first communication lessons kids will receive.

Psychology of raising a child at 1, 2 and 3 years

In the course of raising a child from 1 year old, it is important to teach him with other children. The youngest visitors to the sandbox do not yet know how to play with each other. This is how you teach your child. There are some tips on how you can not only organize a “conflict-free”, but also a developing environment, involving kids in general classes. These games will also help distract the kids if a quarrel is suddenly brewing or someone accidentally offended someone.

“Use the most accessible “tool” - your hands. Teach your baby to make prints with fingers and palms on wet sand, “run” with your fingers along the path, leaving holes, decorate the prints with small twigs or pebbles. It not only develops fine motor skills but also sparks the imagination.

Draw people and animals, decorate drawings with improvised materials. Attract other kids, create joint "art galleries".

Look for "treasures" - bury several objects that are different to the touch (rough, smooth, ribbed). It can be pebbles, cones, acorns, toys. Let the kid, having found the “treasure”, try to tell what he found. Such exercises help develop the sensitivity of the fingers.

Build towers and cities, dig "underground passages" - the meeting of the fingers of the baby and mother "under the ground" will cause genuine delight!

Settle in "cities", let them go, visit each other and treat themselves to shortbread pies - in such games it is easy to teach elementary rules of behavior, "polite words".

Take two bottles of water with you for a walk. One will be needed in order to give the baby a drink if necessary, and the other in order to moisten some of the sand. A wonderful lesson is to compare what prints are made on dry and wet sand, how “cakes are molded”, how much heavier wet sand has become, etc. The first lessons of analysis? Why not?

And, of course, Easter cakes are a sacred occupation in the sandbox. However, Easter cakes can be sculpted not only with molds, but also with other objects. Take unnecessary cups and jars with you for a walk - from yogurt, sour cream, salad, shampoo. Any plastic containers, washed from the remnants of the contents, will do. Can be cut plastic bottles, having built molds, funnels, scoops from them (you just need to process the edges). Don't forget the lids different colors and sizes. With such "improvised means" you can leave unusual prints, use them for "housing" dolls or toys from kinder surprises. And if a jar with a lid turns out to be a container of a “treasure” - bury it and look for it! You can also pour the sand from the "shampoo" bottle into a salad tray or a jar of yogurt - how much will fit? Here are the lessons of comprehending volume, and most importantly, the kids have long forgotten who offended whom, and enthusiastically “work” side by side.

How to raise a child in 1.5-3 years

One of the most common conflicts at playgrounds, and especially in the sandbox, is the inability of one-year-old or one and a half year old children to distinguish “mine” from “someone else's”. The concept of property is yet to be learned by the kids, but for now they consider all the toys “their own”. How to raise a boy or girl 1-3 years old to avoid possible conflicts because of the appropriation of someone else's "property"? The best option- an agreement between the parents of "regular" visitors to the sandbox to bring inexpensive toys that everyone can play with, and before leaving home, everyone takes what they brought in "their" package.

The psychology of raising children of 2-3 years old is different from raising children of the same age. At this age, the baby is already able to understand what “mine” and “alien” are, how to behave in this or that situation, when you want to take someone else’s toy or yours is taken away from you.

Let's talk about how to save the baby from such "toy", but in fact quite serious insults.

Taking into account the peculiarities of raising children of primary preschool age, proceed as follows:

If the kids managed to grapple because of the toy, immediately separate them.
Be sure to support your child - the toy was taken away from him! Out loud (and not just to the offended baby), say: “I understand you want to keep the toy?”
Do not ignore the offender. Continuing the conversation with your child, say: “The boy (girl) also liked your toy. Let's let him (her) play for a while? »
If they try to take away the toy in front of your eyes, just stop the “raider” and say: “Did you ask permission from Sasha (Masha, Petya, Valera - the name of your baby)? » Usually this is enough to start "diplomatic negotiations" about the fate of the toy. And, by the way, if the children are lost, they cannot immediately understand what to do, help, speak as if for them. For example, referring to own child: “Sasha, can a boy (girl) take your motorcyclist to play?”
If the abuser has taken the toy and rushed to the other side of the playground before you arrive, first reassure your crying baby: “Do you want to play with your toy? Okay, calm down and let's explain this to the boy (girl). You yourself will ask to return the toy. If you don’t succeed, I will help you, and another time you can handle it yourself ”- and go to the“ kidnapper ”together. Without aggression, without screaming and nerves, calmly but firmly say to the offender: “This is Sasha's toy (Masha, Petit, Valery - the name of your baby). He wants to play with her himself, give it back, please.”
You can offer to exchange toys for a while. If an exchange is possible, so as not to aggravate the situation and not provoke new round conflict, draw your child's attention to someone else's toy: “Look, what an interesting machine! We don’t have one at home, you’ve never played one like this.”
To bring up a child of 1-3 years old correctly, you need to accustom him to a collective game as early as possible: “Come on, you will be a truck driver and bring sand to a construction site, and Seryozha will build a tower from sand. And then Kostya will bring “guests” on a typewriter, and we will “bake” pies for them.”
But it happens that the baby does not agree to any exchanges and “play for a while”. Don't insist! Your child has every right to play with his own, and not someone else's toy. Just warn the "offender" that today he will not be able to play with your typewriter, since the owner of the toy himself wants to play.
In the course of raising children 1-3 years old, keep in mind that your baby can also act as an "offender", because there are so many wonderful other people's toys around. First of all, talk to your child that you can't take other people's things without permission. If he wants to play, for example, with Igor's robot, then he must come up and ask for permission, and when they ask him to give the toy, he must return it to the owner and thank him. “I understand you liked this wonderful robot, but it is not yours. Perhaps you just forgot to ask permission to play with someone else's toy? Do you see how upset Igor is? Please return the robot to him and apologize.”
If the conflict cannot be resolved, remember about " Golden Rule raising children 1, 2.3 years old "- distract the kids. Can you suggest some active game or one of the activities mentioned in the section "Play with mom - learning to play with children." Speak magic words: “Let's ...” (we will build a two-story garage, dig a deep pond, draw a picture with twigs, measure the length of the bench ...)

One of the features of raising young children is to make sure that your child does not turn into a "mean beef" as early as possible. To do this, you can do the following:

At the age of three, a baby cannot confidently defend himself, he always hopes for the support of his relatives, especially his mother. Based on the basics of the psychology of raising children 1, 2, 3 years old, be able to stand up for your child:

If your child is pushed or hit by another toddler and your treasure is lost, act quickly and confidently. Hug, take pity, ask: “Are you hurt? “And not aggressively, but strictly address the offender: “You can’t beat my child! You can't fight, but if you want to play, say: "Let's play." The main thing is that your baby feels your firm intention to protect him, then he himself will gradually gain confidence. (Variants of the phrase “You can’t beat my child!”: “I don’t allow to offend him!”; “I don’t allow anyone to beat my son (my daughter)!”; “Don’t beat my child, I don’t allow it!”)
If the children already understand the explanations, and the naughty mother did not react to what happened (unfortunately, this happens), you can talk with the offender. Something like this: “You can’t beat Sasha, it hurts him. Good people don't hurt, but you good boy. You are the future a real man and a real man doesn't hit people unless he's given a toy. You can exchange toys, you can politely ask to let the car play with you, but you can’t beat. If you offended someone, you must apologize.
Another development of the situation: your baby, in response to a blow or push, hit back. Here, in the course of raising a child of 2-3 years old, you need to turn to both: “You can’t fight!” The phrase is short and strict, the tone is indisputable, confident. And, of course, an explanation follows, for example: “We must play together. If a dispute arises, it is necessary to agree with words. Fists only interfere with the game. And already at home, talk with the baby.

The peculiarities of raising a child of 2-3 years old are such that sometimes you have to teach your baby to hit back in order to defend himself. But first you need to warn the "enemy" that you will answer the same way. Be sure to explain to the baby that you can’t beat hard, surrender is “a strict warning that you can also defend yourself.” And the key word here is protection. Teach your child to stand up for himself, and for this, develop self-confidence, including by your own example. Remember? You confidently protect the child, and he "gains" confidence from you. For example, I will give two letters from the "mommy" forums and the opinion of a psychologist.

Features of raising boys and girls 1-3 years old

Each of us had to be angry himself, and experience the anger of others. In the course of raising a child of 2-3 years old, it is imperative to explain that negative emotions everyone experiences, because both adults and children are sometimes offended, angry, envious, jealous. It’s just that someone knows how to control their emotions and “gets angry correctly,” while someone almost throws himself at people with his fists. Of course, it is much easier to kick or push the offender, rudely call him names, and even commit some kind of cruel act in relation to the “irritant”. This is exactly how small children behave: without hesitation, without holding back, they rush to “splash out the negative” - they scream, stomp, bite. From the violent manifestation of emotions, both the kids themselves and those around them can suffer. Therefore, one of the features of raising children of 2-3 years old is teaching them the ability to "speak out", to express their feelings and emotions in words. If you notice that the baby is angry or upset, ask him questions (“What are you upset about?”; “What happened?”). Be sure to give the baby the opportunity to “free themselves” from negativity, talk, read a book or watch a cartoon together that contains similar situation. Books, cartoons, games will help the child learn to find a way out of "stressful" states. The ability to verbally express what you experience, feel, is a wonderful defense, because in life the baby will have to face reactions different people up to the brutal ones.

And yet it happens that little man not always able to cope with their emotions. Sometimes he needs to scream, get angry, or, conversely, make peace if he quarreled with a friend. When raising girls and boys 1-3 years old, use the simplest and surprisingly effective attributes to relieve emotional stress.

Pillow for whipping. In Japan office workers they can go into a special room, where there is a soft mannequin with a "chief's face", and beat, shout, express their attitude towards him. It is enough for the baby to "beat" soft pillow, imagining that it is the abuser. Only it should be a special pillow for whipping, and not any soft toy.

"Screaming" pipe. Plain cardboard tube from paper kitchen towel. You can paste over it with bright paper and tell the child: “If you want to shout loudly hurtful words or you are angry and a scream breaks from inside you, you can shout into a special “shouting” pipe. Your anger will fly away with loud noises. Just please make sure no one is around. Suddenly your anger will go to the one who is nearby? Or will you stun him? »

Rug "anger". Such a rug can be sewn from thick fabric or agree with the child that “anger comes out through the rug in the corridor. You can trample on it, jump on it, wipe your feet on it, threaten it with your fist - and the anger will go away. my little son, for example, such an "vent" was the old homespun track on the porch (we lived in a private house). Hearing the stomping and jumping, I already knew that my treasure had come angry and offended and was “shaking off” anger in front of the threshold.

"Snake-bits". When raising a child at 1.5-2 years old, it is important to teach the baby to drive away resentment, stop getting angry, and relieve tension. It can be done in a simple way. Give the kid old newspaper or any other unnecessary paper and let it be torn into small pieces. You can tear and sentence:

I will tear the offense to shreds,
Rip apart the anger.
And I'll throw up the pieces
Then I'll take out the trash.

Together with the baby, spin in the “fall of leaves”, “snowfall” or “fall of flowers” (depending on the time of year) and “turn into” ... for example, into a “snake-shred-vacuum cleaner”. The main thing is that there should not be a single "snarl-shred" left!

"Quiet" chair (or bench). Those who are offended, or quarreled, or want to be with themselves come to this chair or bench (they can be painted with paints, decorated). Here you can just sit, or you can play with "quiet" toys, think, dream or "withdraw into yourself." However, this is not necessarily a chair or bench. “Quiet” may well be a soft rug, an old baby blanket in a corner on the floor, fluffy plaid it. d.

"Mirilochka". Do not forget about one more feature of raising a child of 1-3 years old - timely instilling in the baby the ability to put up. The simplest "mirilochka" is a sleeve with two holes into which they can different parties stick out the hands of the “subjects of the conflict”. And there, in the depths, clasp your hands, make peace. Or maybe it's a "sun with handles" that you can shake. Or maybe any soft toy with furry paws, chosen to play the role of "conciliator". And, of course, one must say the old, old words that reconciled the children of many generations:

Make peace, make peace, make peace

And fight no more.
And if you fight
I will bite.
And nothing to bite
I will fight with a brick.
And the brick will break
Friendship begins!

In conclusion, one more piece of advice on how to raise boys and girls 1-3 years old: teach children to quickly get rid of experiences.

Bag of "experiences". It can be a small linen bag with strings. On one side, stick (or draw or embroider) a smile pictogram or a smiling face. On the other side is a gloomy, angry expression. Agree with the baby that if he is in trouble or Bad mood, he can turn the bag towards him with the “evil” side, open it and whisper his “adversities” into it. Then tie, close and shake the bag well so that all troubles disappear. (“It will grind - there will be flour,” remember?) And then turn the bag towards you with a “smile”, untie it again and “get” what the child wants: joy, laughter, kindness, fun, good mood. If "Two-Face" confuses you, make two bags: one "evil", the other "good". However, not necessarily a bag, both a box and a bag are quite suitable for this role. plastic bottle, and any other "capacity".

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The first year of a child's life is a stage that has a tremendous impact on his entire life. later life. Never again will he grow and develop so quickly, and never again will he be so helpless and dependent. His physical and mental health are completely in the hands of the parents, and if everything is more or less clear with physiology - the baby is not sick, his height and weight are normal, he is cheerful, then everything is in order, then the psychology of a child up to a year is a mystery behind seven seals.

Psychology of raising children up to a year

Why is he crying? Maybe he's just being naughty? Maybe manipulating? What if we spoil him? - These questions haunt moms and dads.

Relatives vied with each other to give advice - “you were raised!”.

But are we always happy with how we were raised?

How many can boast total absence psychological problems?

Looking for answers modern parents refer to popular articles and scientific research but even here they will be disappointed. Experts pour out theories and hypotheses, but they do not have the only correct answers. In the end, methods of education have to be chosen, relying on intuition, and yet actual information It can be useful. Perhaps, in order to substantiate their views or, having disagreed with fresh trends, to informally refuse to follow them.

If a child cries

One of the most contentious issues in the upbringing of an infant is a reaction to crying.

Should parents immediately respond and eliminate possible reasons discontent? Or crying baby can be left in the crib if he is dry and has recently eaten. There are two diametrically opposed answers to this question:

Traditional Approach: « cry and stop”, “let him develop his lungs” or rough "Sometimes you have to let it go." Fans of this method believe that the child from the very early age should be actively weaned from the desire to be in the hands, too frequent application to the chest, awakenings in the middle of the night. For this it is worth to endure crying; sooner or later the child will learn that screaming does not bring results, and will cease to require unnecessary or harmful, according to the parents.
child-centric approach. This view of the psychology of a child under one year of age denies the necessity and benefit of crying. Child-centrists believe that a child should not cry alone. If parents cannot find physical causes his discomfort, so they must eliminate the psychological. Usually, infants require bodily contact with their mother, because they lived in her body for 9 months and they need about the same time to get used to a separate existence. According to theories « natural parenting» , it is necessary to satisfy the baby's need for carrying, sleeping with parents, prolonged breast sucking for as long as necessary.

Independence Education

Traditionalists believe that a child should be educated from birth to be alone, to entertain himself, to fall asleep alone. Otherwise, there is a risk of growing up an infantile, spineless, incapable of adapting in a team, person.

The traditional psychology of raising a child up to a year provides for the maximum autonomy of children from their parents: their own bed or even a separate bedroom from birth, walks in a stroller, breast-feeding according to the regimen and the nipple to satisfy the sucking reflex.

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The mother can go to work early, replacing herself as a nanny. Adults go on vacation without children. Failure to comply with these conditions can lead to the fact that the child refuses to leave the parents' bed, will be afraid to fall asleep alone, it will be extremely difficult to wean him, etc.

"Naturalists" are convinced that it is very important for the baby to be fully tame and breastfeeding, to “feed” with dependence and guardianship, so that at an older age he can bravely rush into the sea of \u200b\u200blife.

They choose co-sleeping, since the baby sleeps much stronger at the side of the mother, free breastfeeding - without a regimen, without a pacifier: the baby is applied at will, regardless of place and time; walks in a sling - the mother carries the child on herself, including going about her own business.

Parents do not let their children go until they themselves declare their desire to stay with their grandmother, for example. According to this approach, children deprived of constant attention in infancy, will definitely try to compensate for this shortcoming by becoming older.

Today, psychology cannot unequivocally determine which of the two approaches to raising children up to a year is more correct and meets the characteristics of their psyche.

Nurturing babies remains a wandering in the dark, groping through a completely unfamiliar area.

Each parent behaves as he sees fit, at his own peril and risk.

There can be only one criterion of truth here - a specific child. Happy kid mental problems are not threatened, even if the parents, in the opinion of an experienced neighbor, are doing everything wrong.

Being born, children come into our world absolutely clean and open to everything new. And it depends on you and me how they will grow up: generous or stingy, envious or self-sufficient, gentle or rude.

Scientists have not come to consensus What influences the formation of a person's personality to a greater extent: biological factors(makings) or social (public attitudes). Of course, each newborn already has its own characteristics of temperament, abilities and inclinations, transmitted to them by their ancestors.

But over the course of life, under the influence of society, additional character traits are added to them. It is the combination of heredity and upbringing that makes individuals so unique and vivid.

Children make the biggest leap in development from 0 to 3 years. If in age period from birth to a year, parents need to take care of the full physical development baby, then from 1 to 2 years it is important to pay attention to the formation of speech and the formation of a harmonious picture of the world.

Methods and tasks of raising a child from 1 year to 2 years

By his first birthday, the baby tries to walk, can say a few words. The successes are simply phenomenal, but the most interesting is yet to come. Suddenly, your baby began to act up, insistently demand something that is not yet possible.

Do not be afraid and despair. This was the crisis of one year, in the literature it has many names: "I myself", "the period of disobedience." The bottom line is that your baby is, as it were, “drunk” with his amazing achievements, it seems to him that he can do more.

Therefore, he concentratedly knocks on a computer keyboard, smears his mother's lipstick on the wall, reaches for a boiling pot and flatly refuses to get dressed. Difficult stage for parents.

But important for moving to the next step mental maturation. The main task is to translate the unbridled destructive energy into a creative and peaceful one.

Dangerous aspirations find an adequate replacement. In this difficult matter, a sense of humor can help you, creativity and ability to play.

Physical and psychological education of the child secrets

The main activity of the little ones in a year, in 2 and in 3 is a game. With the help of unpretentious nursery rhymes, rhymes, accumulated by many generations, you will greatly facilitate your life. Now the child cannot organize interesting entertainment on his own.

He can examine objects for a long time, perform simple manipulations. Show him all the possibilities of toys. Like a doll can walk, a car can carry goods, a frog can jump. Together treat the "sick" bear, cook dinner for the bunny.

Don't forget to keep a close eye on the fun. This will be a lesson to you. Children's play reflects the concept of the world, of the family. Observation will allow you to correct or eliminate in time negative attitudes or presentations.

How to Raise a Child Properly How to Raise a Child Properly

Each culture has its own opinions about the methods and styles of parenting. But there is one common point. This is Love. Acceptance of your child as he is. Give them the much-needed attention, care, affection. From a year to two, the baby is still quite small, the connection with the parents, especially with the mother, is strong and indestructible.

Even carried away by some business, your blood always tries to keep mom or dad in sight. Answer them the same. By providing support, empathy, you endow your little one with confidence and courage.

To love and to fulfill all whims are two different things. Do not confuse. If you have a boy from kisses, hugs and other expressions of his feelings, he will not become less courageous in the future. And with their shortage, it will probably be notorious, irritable and indecisive.

This is confirmed by scientific observations of children who were brought up in orphanages.

Living with you whole year The baby is learning a lot. Now this is not the same baby who slept for a long time, ate, and then fell asleep again. Now he needs more freedom, but he is not going to part with you either.

This stage is not in vain called “skirt”, babies always strive to be there, to repeat everything. It's amazing how much he does. A comb fell into her hands - she tries to comb it, knocking on her head. He grabbed his dad's phone and brought it to his ear. He took the remote and sent it to the TV.

They copy literally everything, consider the behavior of adults as a reference. There is a good old truth - raising a child begins with yourself. Watch yourself. How do you behave when something doesn't work out? And when you come home tired from work? Be honest with yourself, this is your child.

If something in his behavior upsets you, remember that it was you who rewarded him. It should be noted that we are talking about children without medically determined behavioral abnormalities.

Raising a 2 year old

A two-year-old is already doing the most. The repertoire has a stock of words with which he can communicate with you.

The movements are more focused and confident. It's time to teach yourself to do the necessary hygiene procedures, clean up toys, eat carefully.

Put on clothes. At this time, children often begin to visit Kindergarten. Try to instill in him all these skills in advance, then he will feel calmer in the children's team.

Features of education

Features of the development and upbringing of children of 1 year of age practically do not differ by gender. But two-year-olds should have differences. It is important to raise a boy of two years strong, courageous, but not at the expense of alienating feelings.

You must show your loving and caring attitude: talking, kissing, stroking. By the age of two, boys are very active, often getting bruises and bumps, but this is not a reason to limit physical training.

Education of a two-year-old girl is developmentally oriented creativity. The aesthetic side is more important to them.

Give her compliments, only sincerely, without falsehood.

Mistakes in education

Inconsistency in the actions of others. One forbids, the other encourages it. It is already difficult for a child to learn a bunch of rules and norms of behavior. Do not create additional obstacles yourself.

Accusations and threats. Of course, the boundaries of what is permitted are needed, but if they are violated, you should not intimidate the child excessively. You want to raise a self-confident, enterprising citizen.

mood swings. Our mood should not affect communication with the child. Control yourself. Don't take your anger and frustration out on them. Your requirements should always be the same.

Unreasonable bans. There are things that kids shouldn't do, there are even dangerous things. But your child should clearly know why not. Ignorance of the consequences pushes us to experiments.

Overprotection. Give your child freedom. At any age, there are things that they can do on their own. Give yourself free time encourage their initiative.

Lack of time. Not only our presence is very important for children, but also communication and interaction. The fact that you, coming home from work, watch TV together, does not mean anything.

Talk, tell about yourself, ask how his day went, what he played, what he learned new.